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Rico-Blázquez M, Sánchez-Ruano R, Oter-Quintana C, Polentinos-Castro E, Martín-García Á, Otones-Reyes P, González-Beltrán D, Martínez-Marcos M. Family Caregivers' Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:970. [PMID: 38786382 PMCID: PMC11121002 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed lockdown measures that affected caregiving. Understanding caregivers' context provides reveals their adaptive strategies to continue caring in this situation of uncertainty and isolation. Objective: To better understand the caregiving experiences of caregivers looking after dependent individuals living in the community during the pandemic. Design: Qualitative research, phenomenological approach. Setting: Primary healthcare centers in Madrid region (Spain). Participants: 21 family caregivers. Methods: Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit caregivers across nurses from primary healthcare centers. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide to explore the caring experience. Interview transcripts were evaluated using thematic analysis. Results: The findings were categorized into two themes: "Caregivers during lockdown-providing care in a time of adversity" and "Caregiving toward normality". The sub-themes identified were the re-structuring of before-care services and the introduction of new care approaches, managing the dependent person's health problems, looking after oneself, and dealing with adversity. To adapt to the new normal, strategies were put in place designed to recover confidence and trust, reincorporate assistance, and reconnect with others. Conclusions: Care intensified during the pandemic. Caregivers took on the task without assistance, focusing on preventing contagion and protecting themselves to be able to continue giving care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rico-Blázquez
- Research Unit, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28035 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion—RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, 28035 Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid Health Service, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Epidemiology and Public Health (Interuniversity), Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Ruano
- Ciudad de los Periodistas Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cristina Oter-Quintana
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.-Q.); (M.M.-M.)
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Group, IDIPHISA, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Polentinos-Castro
- Research Unit, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28035 Madrid, Spain;
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion—RICAPPS-(RICORS), ISCIII, 28035 Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid Health Service, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- San Blas Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, Parla, 28980 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Otones-Reyes
- San Andrés Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28021 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Damián González-Beltrán
- Barrio del Pilar Healthcare Centre, Primary Care Assistance Management, Madrid Health Service, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Martínez-Marcos
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.-Q.); (M.M.-M.)
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Group, IDIPHISA, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang N, Tian Z, Liu X, Yu X, Wang L. Burden, coping and resilience among caregivers for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An integrative review. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:1346-1361. [PMID: 38071504 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to synthesise quantitative and qualitative evidence to comprehensively examine the burden of family caregivers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and to understand their coping strategies and related resilience factors. BACKGROUND Long-term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease care causes heavy psychological and physical burden to caregivers, which is related to the coping strategies used. Resilience is a protective factor originating within the individual and has become a concept related to illness, health and care. DESIGN An integrative review. METHODS Relevant literature was comprehensively searched from China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Ovid databases from the establishment of the database till January 2023, and the quality of the selected articles was evaluated. Reporting was done according to a PRISMA checklist. FINDINGS The burden of family caregivers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes poor health, worry and fear, anticipatory loss and uncertainty, relationship tensions and disagreements, loss of identity and social isolation, lack of supportive knowledge and financial burden. Family caregivers used problem-centred coping, emotion-centred coping, avoidance coping, social support and dyadic coping with their patients to manage their burdens. The factors chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with a caregiver's resilience included a higher level of knowledge, social and familial support, a close relationship with patients, a caregiver's sense of responsibility, the patient's high self-efficacy, etc. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that caregivers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients face multiple burdens, adapt through different coping styles and have different psychological consequences, while coping style and mental health status also affect the magnitude of burden. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE The findings informed health professionals about personalised chronic obstructive pulmonary disease home care interventions to reduce caregiver burden, effectively manage illness and maintain family intimacy. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patients, families, service providers or members of the public were involved in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Bolgeo T, Ruta F, Gatti D, Gambalunga F, Iacorossi L, Di Matteo R, Cotroneo S, Boccafoschi C, Maconi A. Management of the patient with urostomy: Caregiver needs during the three months after discharge. A qualitative study. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2023; 95:11024. [PMID: 36924380 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine caregivers' experiences and training needs after radical cystectomy with urinary diversion for the first three months following the patient's discharge. METHODS This study applied a phenomenological design approach through open-ended interviews and descriptive analysis. Phenomenology applied to empirical research requires researchers to explore the empirical facts narrated by partici-pants. This study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines, a 32 - item checklist for inter-views and focus groups. The study population included caregivers of bladder cancer patients, admitted to three Italian hospitals. Data were collected between March 2020 and March 2022. RESULTS Fifty-two caregivers of patients who underwent cystecto-my with urinary diversion from three Italian hospitals (41 males and 11 females) participated to the study. The data analysis con-verged in the identification of three themes - with sub-themes -that included various aspects of the caregiver's lived experiences: 1) living with the burden of being indispensable, for the family member, 2) feeling abandoned by institutions, 3) tiredness and less willingness to look after the relative due to work burden. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the caregiver of a patient with bladder cancer and urostomy in the first three months of hospital discharge is very worried and stressed. Despite the training program received in hospital, the caregiver does not recognize the newly acquired skills and has difficulty applying them. Further study would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bolgeo
- Department of Research and Innovation - Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria.
| | | | - Denise Gatti
- Department of Research and Innovation - Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria.
| | - Francesca Gambalunga
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome.
| | | | - Roberta Di Matteo
- Department of Research and Innovation - Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria.
| | - Salvatore Cotroneo
- SC Urology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria.
| | | | - Antonio Maconi
- Department of Research and Innovation - Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria.
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Perdomo-Romero AY, Cantillo-Medina CP, Ramírez-Perdomo CA. Competencia del cuidar y sobrecarga del cuidador de la persona con enfermedad crónica hospitalizada. REVISTA CIENCIA Y CUIDADO 2023. [DOI: 10.22463/17949831.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Objetivo: Describir la competencia del cuidar y su asociación con la sobrecarga del cuidador familiar de la persona con enfermedad crónica. Método: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, transversal, muestreo por conveniencia. Se aplicó la ficha de caracterización de la díada, Instrumento CUIDAR y Zarit. 102 cuidadores de personas con enfermedades crónicas en las áreas hospitalarias, que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Predominan las mujeres como cuidadores, nivel de escolaridad bajo, sobrecarga en un 56,8%, alto nivel de competencia para cuidar 68,6%. Relación estadísticamente significativa con la variable sobrecarga y la calificación global de la competencia CUIDAR así como con sus dimensiones: Conocimiento, Unicidad, Anticipación. Conclusión: La competencia de cuidar se asocia con la sobrecarga del cuidador de personas con enfermedad crónica no transmisible. Por lo tanto, Enfermería tiene la responsabilidad de identificar las necesidades del cuidador e intervenirlas para contribuir en la transición hacia el rol de cuidador en el egreso del paciente al hogar.
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Hipólito N, Martins S, Ruivo A, Flora S, Silva CG, Marques A, Brooks D, Cruz J. Construct validity and reliability of the Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire (QASCI) in caregivers of patients with COPD. Respir Med 2022; 205:107027. [PMID: 36343503 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COPD often leads to loss of independence in daily activities which may increase the dependency on the informal caregiver, resulting in caregiving burden. Several instruments have been used to assess caregiving burden in COPD; however, their measurement properties have been poorly investigated in this population. This study assessed the construct validity and reliability of the Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire (QASCI) in informal caregivers of patients with COPD. METHODS Participants completed the QASCI (higher scores indicate higher burden) and the following questionnaires to assess construct validity: Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument - Short Form (WHOQOL-Bref). QASCI was completed again one week later to assess test-retest reliability. Statistical analyses included: Pearson's (r) or Spearman's (ρ) correlations (construct validity); Cronbach's α (internal consistency); Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,1, test-retest reliability) and Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Minimal Detectable Change (MDC95) and Bland and Altman 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA). RESULTS Fifty caregivers (62.7 ± 9.8 years, 88% female; patients' FEV1 = 45.2 ± 21.3%predicted) participated. QASCI mean score was 28.5 ± 19.8 (moderate burden). QASCI was positively correlated with ZBI (r = 0.908; p < 0.01), HADS anxiety (r = 0.613; p < 0.01) and depression (ρ = 0.634; <0.01) and negatively correlated with WHOQOL-Bref (-0.476 to -0.739) (all p < 0.01). Cronbach's α was 0.793 for the QASCI total score (subscales: 0.747-0.932). The ICC2,1 was 0.924, SEM 2.8 and MDC95 7.8, and the LoA were -18.3 to 11.1. CONCLUSIONS The QASCI seems to be a promising measure to assess burden levels associated with informal caregiving in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Hipólito
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua de Santo André, nº 66-68, 2410-541, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Sara Martins
- Clínica Albano da Silva Teixeira, R. Dom Afonso Henriques 27 A39, 3720-244, Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal
| | - Adriana Ruivo
- Naturidade Porto de Mós, Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados, R. dos Vales nº 5, 2480-109, Porto de Mós, Portugal
| | - Sofia Flora
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua de Santo André, nº 66-68, 2410-541, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Cândida G Silva
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua de Santo André, nº 66-68, 2410-541, Leiria, Portugal; School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alda Marques
- Lab 3R - Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dina Brooks
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West Institute for Applied Health Sciences (IAHS) Building - Room 403, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; West Park Healthcare Centre, 82 Buttonwood Avenue, Toronto, ON M6M 2J5, Canada; University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Joana Cruz
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua de Santo André, nº 66-68, 2410-541, Leiria, Portugal; School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro - Apartado 4137, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal; Lab 3R - Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Chen H, Liu X, Gao X, Lv Y, Zhou L, Shi J, Wei W, Huang J, Deng L, Wang Z, Jin Y, Yu W. Epidemiological evidence relating risk factors to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261692. [PMID: 34962941 PMCID: PMC8714110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the most common chronic respiratory disease worldwide, not only leads to the decline of pulmonary function and quality of life consecutively, but also has become a major economic burden on individuals, families, and society in China. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the risk factors for developing COPD in the Chinese population that resides in China and to provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention of COPD. METHODS A total of 2457 cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies published related to risk factors for COPD in China were searched. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were selected. Stata 11.0 was used for meta-analysis. After merging the data, the pooled effect and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between risk factors and COPD. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 and Cochran's Q tests. Begg's test was used to assess publication bias. RESULTS Exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) (pooled effect = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.16~2.58; P <0.01), smoking history (pooled effect = 2.58; 95%CI: 2.00~3.32; P <0.01), passive smoking history (pooled effect = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.03~1.87; P = 0.03), male sex(pooled effect = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.31~2.22; P <0.01), body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (pooled effect = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.32~2.25; P <0.01), exposure to biomass burning emissions (pooled effect = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.32~2.06; P <0.01), childhood respiratory infections (pooled effect = 3.44; 95%CI: 1.33~8.90; P = 0.01), residence (pooled effect = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.09~1.42; P <0.01), and a family history of respiratory diseases (pooled effect = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.53~2.71; P <0.01) were risk factors for COPD in the Chinese population. CONCLUSION Early prevention of COPD could be accomplished by quitting smoking, reducing exposure to air pollutants and biomass burning emissions, maintaining body mass index between 18.5 kg/m2 and 28 kg/m2, protecting children from respiratory infections, adopting active treatments to children with respiratory diseases, and conducting regular screening for those with family history of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 903 Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yipeng Lv
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of general practice, Dapuqiao Community Health Service Center of Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijia Deng
- School of informatics, The University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of general practice, Dapuqiao Community Health Service Center of Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (YJ)
| | - Wenya Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (YJ)
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