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Nistor M, Schmidt M, Klingner C, Klingner C, Matziolis G, Shayganfar S, Schiffner R. Effect of Low-Frequency Renal Nerve Stimulation on Renal Glucose Release during Normoglycemia and a Hypoglycemic Clamp in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2041. [PMID: 38396718 PMCID: PMC10888375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that renal denervation in pigs reduces renal glucose release during a hypoglycemic episode. In this study we set out to examine changes in side-dependent renal net glucose release (SGN) through unilateral low-frequency stimulation (LFS) of the renal plexus with a pulse generator (2-5 Hz) during normoglycemia (60 min) and insulin-induced hypoglycemia ≤3.5 mmol/L (75 min) in seven pigs. The jugular vein, carotid artery, renal artery and vein, and both ureters were catheterized for measurement purposes, blood pressure management, and drug and fluid infusions. Para-aminohippurate (PAH) and inulin infusions were used to determine side-dependent renal plasma flow (SRP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In a linear mixed model, LFS caused no change in SRP but decreased sodium excretion (p < 0.0001), as well as decreasing GFR during hypoglycemia (p = 0.0176). In a linear mixed model, only hypoglycemic conditions exerted significant effects on SGN (p = 0.001), whereas LFS did not. In a Wilcoxon signed rank exact test, LFS significantly increased SGN (p = 0.03125) and decreased sodium excretion (p = 0.0017) and urinary flow rate (p = 0.0129) when only considering the first instance LFS followed a preceding period of non-stimulation during normoglycemia. To conclude, this study represents, to our knowledge, the first description of an induction of renal gluconeogenesis by LFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Nistor
- Orthopaedic Department, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany (G.M.)
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Carsten Klingner
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Caroline Klingner
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Georg Matziolis
- Orthopaedic Department, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany (G.M.)
| | - Sascha Shayganfar
- Emergency Department, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Lehrstuhl für Klinische Akut- und Notfallmedizin, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - René Schiffner
- Orthopaedic Department, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany (G.M.)
- Emergency Department, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Lehrstuhl für Klinische Akut- und Notfallmedizin, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
- Emergency Department, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Struthoff H, Lauder L, Hohl M, Hermens A, Tzafriri AR, Edelman ER, Kunz M, Böhm M, Tschernig T, Mahfoud F. Histological examination of renal nerve distribution, density, and function in humans. EUROINTERVENTION 2023; 19:612-620. [PMID: 37501502 PMCID: PMC10493771 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-23-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal denervation is optimised when guided by knowledge of nerve distribution. AIMS We aimed to assess sympathetic nerve distribution along the renal arteries, especially in post-bifurcation vessel segments. METHODS Renal arteries and surrounding tissue from 10 body donors were collected and examined histologically. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyse nerve distribution and to identify afferent and efferent sympathetic nerves. RESULTS A total of 6,781 nerves surrounding 18 renal arteries were evaluated. The mean lumen-nerve distance of the left renal artery (2.32±1.95 mm) was slightly greater than the right (2.29±2.03 mm; p=0.161); this varied across the arteries' courses: 3.7±2.3 mm in proximal segments, 2.5±2.0 mm in middle segments, 1.9±1.6 mm in distal prebifurcation segments and 1.3±1.0 mm in post-bifurcation segments (p<0.001). The number of nerves per quadrant was highest in the proximal segments (13.7±18.6), followed by the middle (9.7±7.9), distal prebifurcation (8.0±7.6), and distal post-bifurcation (4.3±4.0) segments (p<0.001). Circumferentially, the number of nerves was highest in the superior (7.8±9.4) and the ventral (7.6±13.1) quadrants (p=0.638). The mean tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ratio increased from proximal (37.5±33.5) to distal (72.0±7.2 in the post-bifurcation segments; p<0.001). Thirty-eight neuroganglia were identified along 14 (78%) renal arteries. CONCLUSIONS Nerves converge to the renal arteries' lumen in the distal segments and along branches, resulting in the lowest number of nerves per quadrant and the shortest lumen-nerve distance in the distal post-bifurcation segments. Efferent nerves occur predominantly, and the ratio of efferent to afferent nerves continues to increase in the vessels' course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Struthoff
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Lauder
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hermens
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Elazer R Edelman
- IMES, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Kunz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes and Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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3
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Nistor M, Schmidt M, Klingner C, Klingner C, Schwab M, Bischoff SJ, Matziolis G, Rodríguez-González GL, Schiffner R. Renal Glucose Release after Unilateral Renal Denervation during a Hypoglycemic Clamp in Pigs with an Altered Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis after Late-Gestational Dexamethasone Injection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12738. [PMID: 37628918 PMCID: PMC10454812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated in pigs that renal denervation halves glucose release during hypoglycaemia and that a prenatal dexamethasone injection caused increased ACTH and cortisol concentrations as markers of a heightened hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPAA) during hypoglycaemia. In this study, we investigated the influence of an altered HPAA on renal glucose release during hypoglycaemia. Pigs whose mothers had received two late-gestational dexamethasone injections were subjected to a 75 min hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic clamp (<3 mmol/L) after unilateral surgical denervation. Para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance, inulin, sodium excretion and arterio-venous blood glucose difference were measured every fifteen minutes. The statistical analysis was performed with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. PAH, inulin, the calculated glomerular filtration rate and plasma flow did not change through renal denervation. Urinary sodium excretion increased significantly (p = 0.019). Side-dependent renal net glucose release (SGN) decreased by 25 ± 23% (p = 0.004). At 25 percent, the SGN decrease was only half of that observed in non-HPAA-altered animals in our prior investigation. The current findings may suggest that specimens with an elevated HPAA undergo long-term adaptations to maintain glucose homeostasis. Nonetheless, the decrease in SGN warrants further investigations and potentially caution in performing renal denervation in certain patient groups, such as diabetics at risk of hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Nistor
- Orthopaedic Department, Jena University Hospital, Campus Eisenberg, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany; (M.N.)
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Klingner
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Caroline Klingner
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany (M.S.)
| | | | - Georg Matziolis
- Orthopaedic Department, Jena University Hospital, Campus Eisenberg, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany; (M.N.)
| | | | - René Schiffner
- Orthopaedic Department, Jena University Hospital, Campus Eisenberg, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany; (M.N.)
- Emergency Department, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Emergency Department, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
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Zucker IH, Xia Z, Wang HJ. Potential Neuromodulation of the Cardio-Renal Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:803. [PMID: 36769450 PMCID: PMC9917464 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) type 2 is defined as a progressive loss of renal function following a primary insult to the myocardium that may be either acute or chronic but is accompanied by a decline in myocardial pump performance. The treatment of patients with CRS is difficult, and the disease often progresses to end-stage renal disease that is refractory to conventional therapy. While a good deal of information is known concerning renal injury in the CRS, less is understood about how reflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity affects this syndrome. In this review, we provide insight into the role of the renal nerves, both from the afferent or sensory side and from the efferent side, in mediating renal dysfunction in CRS. We discuss how interventions such as renal denervation and abrogation of systemic reflexes may be used to alleviate renal dysfunction in the setting of chronic heart failure. We specifically focus on a novel cardiac sensory reflex that is sensitized in heart failure and activates the sympathetic nervous system, especially outflow to the kidney. This so-called Cardiac Sympathetic Afferent Reflex (CSAR) can be ablated using the potent neurotoxin resinferitoxin due to the high expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors. Following ablation of the CSAR, several markers of renal dysfunction are reversed in the post-myocardial infarction heart failure state. This review puts forth the novel idea of neuromodulation at the cardiac level in the treatment of CRS Type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving H. Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zhiqiu Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Han-Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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5
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Huang H, Cheng H, Chia Y, Li Y, Van Minh H, Siddique S, Sukonthasarn A, Tay JC, Turana Y, Verma N, Kario K, Wang T. The role of renal nerve stimulation in percutaneous renal denervation for hypertension: A mini-review. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:1187-1193. [PMID: 36196464 PMCID: PMC9532907 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of percutaneous renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) for blood pressure (BP)-lowering in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Nevertheless, major challenges exist, such as the wide variation of BP-lowering responses following RDN (from strong response to no response) and lack of feasible and reproducible peri-procedural predictors for patient response. Both animal and human studies have demonstrated different patterns of BP responses following renal nerve stimulation (RNS), possibly related to varied regional proportions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve tissues along the renal arteries. Animal studies of RNS have shown that rapid electrical stimulation of the renal arteries caused renal artery vasoconstriction and increased norepinephrine secretion with a concomitant increase in BP, and the responses were attenuated after RDN. Moreover, selective RDN at sites with strong RNS-induced BP increases led to a more efficient BP-lowering effect. In human, when RNS was performed before and after RDN, blunted changes in RNS-induced BP responses were noted after RDN. The systolic BP response induced by RNS before RDN and blunted systolic BP response to RNS after RDN, at the site with maximal RNS-induced systolic BP response before RDN, both correlated with the 24-h ambulatory BP reductions 3-12 months following RDN. In summary, RNS-induced BP changes, before and after RDN, could be used to assess the immediate effect of RDN and predict BP reductions months following RDN. More comprehensive, large-scale and long term trials are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Chun Huang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineCollege of Public HealthNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hao‐min Cheng
- Department of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalMedical Education and ResearchNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yook‐Chin Chia
- Department of Medical SciencesSchool of Healthcare and Medical SciencesSunway UniversityBandar SunwayMalaysia
- Department of Primary Care MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsNational Research Centre for Translational MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huynh Van Minh
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of Medicine and PharmacyHue UniversityHue CityThua Thien‐HueVietnam
| | - Saulat Siddique
- Department of CardiologyFatima Memorial HospitalLahorePakistan
| | - Apichard Sukonthasarn
- Cardiology DivisionDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Jam Chin Tay
- Department of General MedicineTan Tock Seng HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yuda Turana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesAtma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineJichi Medical University School of MedicineShimotsukeTochigiJapan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Department of PhysiologyKing George's Medical UniversityLucknowIndia
| | - Tzung‐Dau Wang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Hospital MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
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Ferrulli A, Gandini S, Cammarata G, Redaelli V, Massarini S, Macrì C, Terruzzi I, Cannavaro D, Luzi F, Luzi L. Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with skin thermography in obesity: a window on sympathetic nervous system. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:729-742. [PMID: 35174415 PMCID: PMC8995296 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is known to be associated with an altered thermoregulation as well as a dysregulation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Considering the ability of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to modulate the SNS, we hypothesized a potential role of dTMS in affecting thermoregulation in obesity. Aims of the study were to monitor the effect of a single session of dTMS on body temperature in subjects with obesity, and to correlate the dTMS-induced changes in body temperature with activation of the SNS (epinephrine and norepinephrine release). METHODS Twenty-nine subjects with obesity [5 M, 24 F; age 50 (IQR: 58, 38) yrs; BMI 36.1 (IQR: 33.9, 38.7) kg/m2] were randomized into 2 groups receiving a single session of high frequency stimulation (HF) or sham stimulation. Under neutral thermal conditions, infrared thermography was utilized to assess bilateral fingernail-beds and abdominal temperature. RESULTS During a single session HF, the average temperature of both fingernail-beds decreased. Right-hand temperature difference was statistically greater in HF vs Sham: median = - 1.45 (IQR: - 2.0, - 1.0) °C for HF, p = 0.009. While temperature variation in the fingernail-bed of left hand was not statistically significant in HF compared to Sham: median = - 1.26 (IQR: - 1.6, -0.5) °C, p = 0.064. Concurrently, when estimating the effect of norepinephrine variation on temperature change of fingernail-bed of left hand, a borderline significant positive association was estimated (beta = 1.09, p = 0.067) in HF. CONCLUSIONS Deep TMS revealed to be effective in modulating temperature in subjects with obesity, partially reversing obesity-induced alterations in heat production and dissipation with a potential SNS-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cammarata
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Redaelli
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences - One Health Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Massarini
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | - Concetta Macrì
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cannavaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences - One Health Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese, N. 300, 20099, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Neurohormonal Modulation as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Hypertension. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112521. [PMID: 33266371 PMCID: PMC7700466 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are involved in many cardiovascular disorders, including pulmonary hypertension (PH). The current review focuses on the role of the ANS and RAAS activation in PH and updated evidence of potential therapies targeting both systems in this condition, particularly in Groups 1 and 2. State of the art knowledge in preclinical and clinical use of pharmacologic drugs (beta-blockers, beta-three adrenoceptor agonists, or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling drugs) and invasive procedures, such as pulmonary artery denervation, is provided.
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Recent trends in renal denervation devices for resistant hypertension treatment. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 190:971-979. [PMID: 33111251 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2019 more than 1.13 billion people worldwide were suffering from hypertension. In spite of the advances in new medical therapies, control of hypertension remains suboptimal. Renal denervation (RDN) neuromodulation treatment was primarily developed to treat resistant hypertension and is potentially a new method for treating congestive heart failure, diabetes, and chronic renal failure. RDN consists of passing a catheter into the renal arteries and ablating their sympathetic nerves using radiofrequency or ultrasound energy. Despite promising results in initial trials, RDN failed to achieve its efficacy endpoints as a treatment for resistant hypertension, but the recent series of successful trials show that RDN is back as a serious treatment alternative. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art RDN devices including Symplicity Flex, Symplicity Spyral, Vessix, EnligHTN, Iberis, TIVUS system, and Paradise. The paper also provides an in-depth review of future RDN devices which include Cryo-RDN, Golden Leaf Catheter, Synaptic, SyMapCath, ConfidenHT System, and Grizzly Microwave Ablation system.
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Sitkova ES, Mordovin VF, Pekarsky SE, Ripp TM, Falkovskaya AY, Lichikaki VA, Zyubanova IV, Baev AE, Ryabova TR, Mochula OV, Usov VY. Distal renal denervation: cardioprotection in patients with resistant hypertension. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study the effectiveness of using the anatomically optimized distal renal denervation (RDN) in comparison with the standard approach for reducing myocardial damage and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in patients with resistant hypertension (HTN).Material and methods. The randomized double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of distal RDN compared to conventional main renal artery intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02667912) for the treatment of resistant HTN included 26 patients. All patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=16) — distal RDN, group 2 (n=10) — conventional RDN. In addition to 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring, initially and 12 months after the intervention, contrast- enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed to determine the left ventricular mass and non-coronary myocardial damage area. All patients signed informed consent. Twenty-four patients completed the present study.Results. After 12 months, the mean 24-hour BP significantly decreased after both distal RDN (from 167,2±28,5/93,2±19,3 to 147,0±13,7/81,5±9,3 mm Hg (p<0,05)) and conventional RDN (from 157,5±22,5/90,6±23,9 to 139,9±17,7/80,0±16,7 (p<0,05)). Also in both cases, a trend to LV mass decrease was revealed: from 252,6±85,2 to 221,0±60,3 gm (p=0,096) after the distal RDN; from 214,3±54,1 to 186,4±48,1 gm (p=0,071) after the conventional RDN. In contrast, the myocardial damage area decreased only after distal RDN (from 2,33±1,33 to 1,35±0,67 cm3 (p=0,02)) and did not change after conventional RDN.Conclusion. In comparison with the conventional main renal artery intervention, distal RDN in patients with resistant HTN has an additional cardioprotective effect — a decrease in LV myocardial damage area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Sitkova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - V. F. Mordovin
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - S. E. Pekarsky
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - T. M. Ripp
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | | | - V. A. Lichikaki
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - I. V. Zyubanova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - A. E. Baev
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - T. R. Ryabova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - O. V. Mochula
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
| | - V. Yu. Usov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
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10
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Fontes MAP, Marzano LAS, Silva CC, Silva ACSE. Renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: where do we stand after more than a decade. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:67-76. [PMID: 31939995 PMCID: PMC7213935 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the current availability of safe and efficient drugs for treating hypertension, a substantial number of patients are drug-resistant hypertensives. Aiming this condition, a relatively new approach named catheter-based renal denervation was developed. We have now a clinically relevant time window to review the efficacy of renal denervation for treating this form of hypertension. This short review addresses the physiological contribution of renal sympathetic nerves for blood pressure control and discusses the pros and cons of renal denervation procedure for the treatment of resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carina Cunha Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Liu H, Chen W, Lai Y, Du H, Wang Z, Xu Y, Ling Z, Fan J, Xiao P, Zhang B, Wang J, Gyawali L, Zrenner B, Woo K, Yin Y. Selective Renal Denervation Guided by Renal Nerve Stimulation in Canine. Hypertension 2019; 74:536-545. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Renal nerve stimulation (RNS) can result in substantial blood pressure (BP) elevation, and the change was significantly blunted when repeated stimulation after ablation. However, whether RNS could provide a meaningful renal nerve mapping for identification of optimal ablation targets in renal denervation (RDN) is not fully clear. Here, we compared the antihypertensive effects of selective RDN guided by two different BP responses to RNS and explored the nerve innervations at these sites in Kunming dogs. Our data indicated that ablation at strong-response sites showed a more systolic BP-lowering effect than at weak-response sites (
P
=0.002), as well as lower levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine in kidney and a greater reduction in plasma norepinephrine (
P
=0.004 for tyrosine hydroxylase,
P
=0.002 for both renal and plasma norepinephrine). Strong-response sites showed a greater total area and mean number of renal nerves than weak-response sites (
P
=0.012 for total area and
P
<0.001 for mean number). Systolic BP-elevation response to RNS before RDN and blunted systolic BP-elevation to RNS after RDN were correlated with systolic BP changes at 4 weeks follow-up (
R
=0.649;
P
=0.012 and
R
=0.643;
P
=0.013). Changes of plasma norepinephrine and renal norepinephrine levels at 4 weeks were also correlated with systolic BP changes at 4 weeks (
R
=0.837,
P
<0.001 and
R
=0.927,
P
<0.001). These data suggest that selective RDN at sites with strong BP-elevation response to RNS could lead to a more efficient RDN. RNS is an effective method to identify the nerve-enriched area during RDN procedure and improve the efficacy of RDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Weijie Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Yinchuan Lai
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Huaan Du
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Zihao Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Yanping Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Zhiyu Ling
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Jinqi Fan
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Peilin Xiao
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.W.)
| | - Laxman Gyawali
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
| | - Bernhard Zrenner
- Medizinische Klinik I, Krankenhaus Landshut/Achdorf, Germany (B.Z.)
| | - Kamsang Woo
- Institute of Future Cities, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, China (K.W.)
| | - Yuehui Yin
- From the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, China (H.L., Y.L., W.C., H.D., Z.W., Y.X., Z.L., J.F., P.X., B.Z., L.G., Y.Y.)
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12
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Electrical stimulation-based renal nerve mapping exacerbates ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischaemia. J Hypertens 2019; 36:1342-1350. [PMID: 29621066 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood pressure elevation in response to transient renal nerve stimulation (RNS) has been used to determine the ablation target and endpoint of renal denervation. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of transient RNS in canines with normal or ischaemic hearts. METHODS In ten normal (Group 1) and six healed myocardial infarction (HMI) (Group 2) canines, a large-tip catheter was inserted into the left or right renal artery to perform transient RNS. The left stellate ganglion neural activity (LSGNA) and ventricular electrophysiological parameters were measured at baseline and during transient RNS. In another 20 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) canines, RNS (Group 3, n = 10) or sham RNS (Group 4, n = 10) was intermittently (1 min ON and 4 min OFF) performed for 1 h following AMI induction. The LSGNA and AMI-induced ventricular arrhythmias were analysed. RESULTS In normal and HMI canines, although transient RNS significantly increased the LSGNA and facilitated the action potential duration (APD) alternans, it did not induce any ventricular arrhythmias and did not change the ventricular effective refractory period, APD or maximum slope of the APD restitution curve. In AMI canines, transient RNS significantly exacerbated LSG activation and promoted the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. CONCLUSION Transient RNS did not increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in normal or HMI hearts, but it significantly promoted the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in AMI hearts. Therefore, electrical stimulation-based renal nerve mapping may be unsafe in AMI patients and in patients with a high risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
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13
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Choe WS, Song WH, Jeong CW, Choi EK, Oh S. Anatomic Conformation of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Fibers in Living Human Tissues. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4831. [PMID: 30886195 PMCID: PMC6423056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal denervation using radiofrequency catheter ablation is known to eliminate the renal sympathetic nerve and to lower blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. We sought to investigate the detailed anatomic conformation of the peri-renal arterial sympathetic nerve fibers with living human specimens. Peri-renal arterial tissue was harvested from patients undergoing elective radical or simple nephrectomy. Digital images of each section from the distal arterial bifurcation to the proximal margin were obtained and analyzed after immunohistochemical staining with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibodies. A total of 3,075 nerve fibers were identified from 84 sections of peri-renal arterial tissue from 28 patients (mean age 62.5 ± 10.2 years, male 68%). Overall, 16% of nerve fibers were located at distances greater than 3 mm from the endoluminal surface of the renal artery. The median distance from the arterial lumen to the nerve fibers of the proximal, middle, and distal renal arterial segments was 1.51 mm, 1.48 mm, and 1.52 mm, respectively. The median diameter of the nerve fibers was 65 μm, and there was no significant difference between the segments. A substantial proportion of the sympathetic nerve fibers were located deeper in the peri-arterial soft tissue than in the lesion depth created by the conventional catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seok Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hoon Song
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seil Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Anatomy and neural remodeling of the renal sympathetic nerve in a canine model and patients with hypertension. J Hypertens 2018; 36:2059-2067. [PMID: 29957718 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of renal sympathetic nerve (RSN) in hypertension should be better understood. We aimed to three-dimensionally reconstruct the renal nerves, and explore its anatomical and histochemical characteristics in hypertensive canine model and patients. METHODS Renal arteries with surrounding tissue were collected from canines and cadavers with or without hypertension. Serial renal artery hematoxylin-eosin sections were used for three-dimensional reconstruction, and morphological parameters were collected and analyzed. RESULTS In hypertensive canines, the mean renal nerve number was 26.71 ± 5.68 versus 19.84 ± 5.68 in controls (P = 0.02), and the middle renal nerve volume was 5.31 ± 2.13 versus 2.60 ± 1.00 μl in controls (P = 0.01). Renal tissue norepinephrine concentrations, tyrosine hydroxylase and substance P immunoreactivity in RSN, and growth-associated protein 43 immunoreactivity in renal ganglion were significantly increased in hypertensive canines. In humans, the renal nerve was evenly distributed along the renal artery in a network pattern. The renal ganglion volume was 72.75 ± 33.43 in hypertensive patients versus 37.04 ± 23.95 μl in controls (P = 0.029) and the mean neuronal size in renal ganglion was 1187.3 ± 219.9 μm in patients versus 714.8 ± 142.7 μm in controls (P = 0.002). Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the RSN was 0.153 ± 0.014 in patients versus 0.104 ± 0.019 in controls (P = 0.013). Growth-associated protein 43 immunoreactivity in the renal ganglion was 86 612.8 ± 14 642.0 in patients versus 33 469.8 ± 15 666.8 μm/mm in controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that RSN and renal ganglion histological remodeling occurs in individuals with hypertension and the distal segment or branches of renal artery might be a promising therapeutic target for RSN modulation therapy.
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15
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Xavier CH, Mendonça MM, Marins FR, da Silva ES, Ianzer D, Colugnati DB, Pedrino GR, Fontes MAP. Stating asymmetry in neural pathways: methodological trends in autonomic neuroscience. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:1078-1085. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1473396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Michelle Mendanha Mendonça
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elder Sales da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ianzer
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Diego Basile Colugnati
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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16
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Tsioufis C, Dimitriadis K, Tsioufis P, Patras R, Papadoliopoulou M, Petropoulou Z, Konstantinidis D, Tousoulis D. ConfidenHT™ System for Diagnostic Mapping of Renal Nerves. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Meng L, Shivkumar K, Ajijola O. Autonomic Regulation and Ventricular Arrhythmias. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2018; 20:38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-018-0633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Barber-Chamoux N, Esler MD. Predictive factors for successful renal denervation: should we use them in clinical trials? Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:860-867. [PMID: 28771706 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Renal denervation (RDN) is facing various challenges to its initial claimed value in hypertension treatment. Major concerns are the choice of the patients and the technical efficacy of the RDN. Different factors have been described as predicting the capacity of RDN to decrease blood pressure. These factors are related to the patients, the procedure and the tools to confirm successful neural ablation. Their use in future trials should help to improve RDN trials understanding and outcomes. This review summarizes the different predictive factors available and their potential benefits in patient selection and in procedure guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Barber-Chamoux
- Cardiology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Murray D Esler
- Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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19
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Fischell TA. Editorial: Can Renal Denervation Work? Yes, But First One Must Denervate. Lessons from Human Renal Sympathetic Nerve Anatomy. J Interv Cardiol 2016; 29:601-602. [PMID: 27905168 DOI: 10.1111/joic.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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