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Jiang JL, Huang QJ, Chen MH. Efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon for de novo lesions of large coronary arteries: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25264. [PMID: 38333846 PMCID: PMC10850513 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-coated balloon (DCB) is a novel approach to avoiding stent-related complications and has proven effective for the treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and small vessels. However, its role in the treatment of de novo lesions in large vessels is less settled. Aims To estimate the efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon versus stent in the treatment of de novo lesions in large coronary arteries. Methods We searched the literature until April 2023. We judged the safety of DCB based on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), cardiac death, all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and bleeding event; and efficacy according to late lumen loss (LLL), minimum lumen diameter (MLD). We conducted subgroup analyses according to stent type and whether urgent PCI was required. Results A total of 10 RCTs were included. Overall, LLL (mean difference (MD) = -0.19, 95 % confidence interval (CI): -0.32 to -0.06, P = 0.003) was lower in the DCB group than in the Stent arm. This effect was consistent in subgroup analysis regardless of stent type and disease type. In terms of safety indicators, there were no significant differences between DCB and stent. The subgroup analyses found that safety indicators showed no significant differences between DCB and drug-eluting stent (DES), but TLR was lower in the DCB than in the bare metal stent (BMS). Moreover, in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), safety indicators and LLL showed no significant differences between DCB and DES, but MLD in the DCB was smaller. While in patients with excluded STEMI, MACE and TLR was lower in the DCB compared with the overall stent. Conclusions DCB could be a promising alternative for treating de novo lesions in large coronary arteries with satisfactory efficacy and low risk, superior to BMS and not inferior to DES, with a trend toward lower late lumen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Li Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Qiao-Juan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Meng-Hua Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
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2
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Mintz GS. Periprocedural Myocardial Injury: We Can Predict It, But Can We Prevent It? Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1510-1512. [PMID: 37419249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Mintz
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA.
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3
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Ghobrial M, Bawamia B, Cartlidge T, Spyridopoulos I, Kunadian V, Zaman A, Egred M, McDiarmid A, Williams M, Farag M, Alkhalil M. Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction, a Potential Therapeutic Target. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5934. [PMID: 37762875 PMCID: PMC10532390 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is a recognised phenomenon following mechanical reperfusion in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Invasive and non-invasive modalities to detect and measure the extent of MVO vary in their accuracy, suggesting that this phenomenon may reflect a spectrum of pathophysiological changes at the level of coronary microcirculation. The importance of detecting MVO lies in the observation that its presence adds incremental risk to patients following STEMI treatment. This increased risk is associated with adverse cardiac remodelling seen on cardiac imaging, increased infarct size, and worse patient outcomes. This review provides an outline of the pathophysiology, clinical implications, and prognosis of MVO in STEMI. It describes historic and novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies to address this phenomenon in conjunction with primary PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ghobrial
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Bilal Bawamia
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Timothy Cartlidge
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Vijay Kunadian
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Azfar Zaman
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mohaned Egred
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Adam McDiarmid
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Matthew Williams
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Mohamed Farag
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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4
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Alkhalil M. Novel Applications for Invasive and Non-invasive Tools in the Era of Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Revascularisation. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e190122191004. [PMID: 33530910 PMCID: PMC9241120 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x17666210202102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an expanding treatment option for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It is considered the default strategy for the unstable presentation of CAD. PCI techniques have evolved over the last 4 decades with significant improvements in stent design, an increase in functional assessment of coronary lesions, and the use of intra-vascular imaging. Nonetheless, the morbidity and mortality related to CAD remain significant. Advances in technology have allowed a better understanding of the nature and progression of CAD. New tools are now available that reflect the pathophysiological changes at the level of the myocardium and coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Certain changes within the plaque would render it more prone to rupture leading to acute vascular events. These changes are potentially detected using novel tools invasively, such as near infra-red spectroscopy, or non-invasively using T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and 18F-Sodium Fluoride positron emission tomography/ computed tomography. Similarly, changes at the level of the injured myocardium are feasibly assessed invasively using index microcirculatory resistance or non-invasively using T1 mapping CMR. Importantly, these changes could be detected immediately with the opportunity to tailor treatment to those considered at high risk. Concurrently, novel therapeutic options have demonstrated promising results in reducing future cardiovascular risks in patients with CAD. This Review article will discuss the role of these novel tools and their applicability in employing a mechanical and pharmacological treatment to mitigate cardiovascular risk in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alkhalil
- Department of Cardiothoracic Services, Freeman hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK.,Department of Cardiology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto Canada
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5
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Coy KM, Maryniak A, Blankespoor T, Stys A. Approach to high intracoronary thrombus burden in the era of COVID-19. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/12/e246223. [PMID: 34876447 PMCID: PMC8655584 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several cases have reported extensive multivessel coronary thrombosis as a cardiovascular manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This case describes a patient who developed non-ST elevation myocardial infarction during hospitalization for acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. We review the immediate and delayed revascularisation strategies of culprit and non-culprit lesions in the setting of high intracoronary thrombus burden induced by SARS-CoV-2. Successful percutaneous intervention and stenting of a culprit lesion and resolution of an intracoronary thrombus using a delayed strategy of lesion passivation with adjuvant pharmacotherapy are demonstrated on index and follow-up angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Coy
- Cardiology, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Andrii Maryniak
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Blankespoor
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Adam Stys
- Sanford USD Medical Center Department of Cardiology-Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
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6
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Verdoia M, De Luca G. Reply to: "Mortality and in-stent thrombosis in COVID-19 patients with STEMI: More work ahead". Atherosclerosis 2021; 336:49-50. [PMID: 34635335 PMCID: PMC8442288 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Verdoia
- Department of Cardiology, Nuovo Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, Italy; Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy; Deparment of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Department of Cardiology, Nuovo Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, Italy; Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy; Deparment of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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7
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Sakellariou XM, Katsanos GI, Efstathopoulos AP, Sfairopoulos DG, Stamatis KV, Pappas SD, Kolettis TM, Nikas DN. Should Deferred Stenting Still Be Considered in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction with High Thrombus Burden? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8060059. [PMID: 34063837 PMCID: PMC8224060 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may demonstrate distal microvascular embolization of thrombotic materials. We retrospectively examined 20 cases displaying extensive thrombus in the infarct-related artery (IRA), treated either with a two-step procedure, with interim tirofiban infusion, or immediate stent implantation. Distal embolization tended to be more common in the latter strategy, but, overall, the outcome was comparable. Thus, a two-staged procedure may be considered in selected cases of primary PCI associated with high thrombus burden.
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8
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Azarov AV, Zhuravlev AS, Semitko SP. Effectiveness of deferred coronary artery stenting in the prevention of no-reflow in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that even in spite of timely revascularization of the infarct-related artery, the myocardium in some patients remains hypoperfused. This condition is known as the no-reflow phenomenon, which is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The systematic review is devoted to the effectiveness of deferred stenting in noreflow prevention. In patients with severe thrombosis, the two-stage revascularization technique is very promising. It is a primary intervention in the form of aspiration thrombectomy and/or balloon angioplasty followed by stenting after a certain period of time. This interval represents a certain therapeutic space, which allows various drugs to act resulting in reduction of blood clot size and risk of procedure-related distal embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Azarov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
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9
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Shakiba M, Salari A, Mirbolouk F, Sotudeh N, Nikfarjam S. Clinical, Laboratory, and Procedural Predictors of No-Reflow in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Tehran Heart Cent 2020; 15:50-56. [PMID: 33552194 PMCID: PMC7825467 DOI: 10.18502/jthc.v15i2.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: No-reflow is a major challenging issue in the management of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). This study aimed to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and procedural predictors of no-reflow. Methods: This study was conducted on 378 patients with STEMI admitted to Dr. Heshmat Educational and Remedial Center (a referral heart hospital in Rasht, Iran) between 2015 and 2017. The study population was divided based on the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade and the myocardial blush grade into no-reflow and reflow groups. The clinical, laboratory, and procedural characteristics at admission were compared between the 2 groups using the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 58.57±11.49 years, and men comprised 74.1% of the study population. The no-reflow phenomenon was found in 77 patients. The no-reflow group was significantly older and more likely to be female; additionally, it had higher frequencies of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and a history of cardiovascular diseases. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age >60 years (OR=1.05, 95% CI:1.00–1.09), hypertension (OR=2.91, 95% CI:1.35–6.27), diabetes (OR=4.18, 95% CI:1.89–9.22), a low systolic blood pressure (OR=3.53, 95% CI:1.02–12.2), a history of cardiovascular diseases (OR=4.29, 95% CI:1.88–9.77), chronic heart failure (OR=4.96, 95% CI:1.23–20), a low initial TIMI flow grade (OR=7.58, 95% CI:1.46–39.2 ), anemia (OR=3.42, 95% CI:1.33–8.77), and stenting vs. balloon angioplasty (OR=0.42, 95% CI:0.19–0.91) were the significant independent predictors of no-reflow. Conclusion: This study revealed some clinical, laboratory, and procedural predictors of no-reflow for the prediction of high-risk patients and their appropriate management to reduce the risk of no-reflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shakiba
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fardin Mirbolouk
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nozar Sotudeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Salman Nikfarjam
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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10
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Zhang MJ, Liu X, Liu LH, Li N, Zhang N, Wang YQ, Sun XJ, Huang PH, Yin HM, Liu YH, Zheng H. Correlation between intracoronary thrombus components and coronary blood flow after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction at different onset time. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2013-2021. [PMID: 31423433 PMCID: PMC6695550 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality. Early reperfusion to restore blood flow is crucial to successful treatment. In the current reperfusion regimen, an increasing number of patients have benefited from direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In order to understand whether there is a correlation between the components of coronary thrombosis and the absence of reflow or slow blood flow after coronary stent implantation in direct PCI, we collected data on direct PCI cases in our hospital between January 2016 and November 2018.
AIM To investigate the correlation between intracoronary thrombus components and coronary blood flow after stent implantation in direct PCI in AMI.
METHODS We enrolled 154 patients (85 male and 69 female, aged 36–81 years) with direct PCI who underwent thrombus catheter aspiration within < 3, 3–6 or 6–12 h of onset of AMI between January 2016 and November 2018. The thrombus was removed for pathological examination under a microscope. The patients of the three groups according to the onset time of AMI were further divided into those with a white or red thrombus. The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) blood flow after stent implantation was recorded based on digital subtraction angiography during PCI. The number of patients with no-reflow and slow blood flow in each group was counted. Statistical analysis was performed based on data such as onset time, TIMI blood flow.
RESULTS There were significant differences in thrombus components between the patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (P < 0.01). In the group with PCI < 3 h after onset of AMI, there was no significant difference in the incidence of no-reflow and slow-flow between the white and red thrombus groups. In the groups with PCI 3-6 and 6-12 h after onset of AMI, there was a significant difference in the incidence of no-reflow and slow-flow between the white and red thrombus groups (P < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the onset time of AMI and the occurrences of no-reflow and slow blood flow during PCI (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION In direct PCI, the onset time of AMI and color of coronary thrombus are often used to predict whether there will be no reflow or slow blood flow after stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ji Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping-He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, AnSteel Group Hospital, Anshan 114003, Liaoning Province, China
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11
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Armstrong R, De Maria GL, Scarsini R, Banning AP. Assessing and managing coronary microcirculation dysfunction in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 17:111-126. [PMID: 30569773 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1561279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microvascular dysfunction in the setting of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an indicator of poor long-term prognosis. Prompt assessment and pharmacological or procedural therapy (prophylactic or post onset of dysfunction) may improve outcomes in STEMI post-primary percutaneous intervention. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the evidence available about the assessment and management of coronary microcirculatory injury/dysfunction in STEMI. We also aim to elucidate the possible strategies that could be applied in clinical practice to support the application of already available or novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and management of microvascular impairment. Expert commentary: There are multiple established methods in assessing microvascular dysfunction, both non-invasively and invasively. Invasive physiological measurements allow real-time assessment of microvascular dysfunction and have prognostic cut-off values. Multiple therapeutic modalities exist for both preventing and treating microvascular dysfunction. These can be either pharmacological or mechanical, and there is no algorithm to guide if, how and when to apply them. Future research into both procedural and pharmacological therapy guided by physiological measurements is needed, with the aim of recognizing high-risk patients who would benefit from therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Scarsini
- b Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford University Hospitals , Oxford , UK
| | - Adrian P Banning
- b Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford University Hospitals , Oxford , UK
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12
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Verma B, Singh A, Saxena AK, Kumar M. Deflated Balloon-Facilitated Direct Stenting in Primary Angioplasty (The DBDS Technique): A Pilot Study. Cardiol Res 2018; 9:284-292. [PMID: 30344826 PMCID: PMC6188044 DOI: 10.14740/cr770w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies and meta-analyses have shown that direct stenting (DS) may improve clinical outcomes in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). But in most cases, the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow remains ≤ 1 after wire placement. We used deflated balloon to facilitate DS in patients with totally occluded culprit arteries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and outcomes of this novel technique in patients with STEMI in real-world clinical practice. Methods This was a prospective, observational, single-center pilot study. From September 2016 to June 2018, 454 patients were enrolled in the study. DS was performed when the culprit vessel was visualized with at least TIMI flow grade 1. Patients with complete occlusion of the vessel after wire placement were subjected to deflated balloon-facilitated DS technique (DBDS technique) and DS was done wherever possible. Results DS was done in 74% (n = 336) of the patients and 26% (n = 118) patients received stenting after pre-dilatation (PD). DBDS technique to facilitate DS was successful in 68% patients (211/309). Final TIMI 3 flow was achieved more frequently in the DS group as compared to PD group (96.7% versus 92.3%, P = 0.04). The procedural complications were also significantly lower in DS group (0.6% versus 7.6%, P < 0.001). DS group had significantly lower procedure time (33 ± 19 min versus 41 ± 17 min, P < 0.001), fluoroscopy time (6.2 ± 3.4 min versus 7.8 ± 32 min, P < 0.001), required lesser contrast volume (112 ± 16 mL versus 123 ± 18 mL, P < 0.001) and had lower procedural cost (310 ± 45$ versus 402 ± 56$, P < 0.001). ST-segment resolution > 50% after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were significantly higher in the DS group (85.7% versus 71.1%, P < 0.001). At 30 days, the major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate was significantly lower in the DS group (2.4% versus 9.3%, P = 0.02), mainly driven by lower rates of target lesion revascularization (TLR) (0.9% versus 4.2%, P = 0.01). Conclusion This cost-effective technique appears to be simple, feasible and safe and is associated with superior clinical outcomes. It helps in maximizing DS and could offer an alternative to PD and aspiration thrombectomy in total occlusion. However, larger studies with longer follow up are required before a wider application of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Verma
- Department of Cardiology, Shree Krishna Hospital, Kashipur, UK, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Shree Krishna Hospital, Kashipur, UK, India
| | - Ashwani K Saxena
- Department of Cardiology, Shree Krishna Hospital, Kashipur, UK, India
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Shree Krishna Hospital, Kashipur, UK, India
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13
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Cassese S, Belle L, Ndrepepa G, Bosson JL, Fusaro M, Lønborg J, Ahtarovski KA, Kelbæk H, Fusaro M. Deferred vs Immediate Stenting in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Collaborative Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:1573-1580. [PMID: 30527145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of deferred vs immediate stenting during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains controversial. METHODS We undertook a collaborative meta-analysis of study-level data by searching electronic scientific databases for investigations of primary PCI patients randomized to deferred or immediate stenting and subsequent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Primary angiographic and imaging outcomes were slow/no-reflow and microvascular obstruction (MVO), respectively. Main secondary outcome was recurrent ischemia. RESULTS Among 4 trials, a total of 1570 patients with STEMI were assigned to primary PCI with either deferred (n = 779) or immediate stenting (n = 791). Of these, 797 participants had analyzable cardiac magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Median clinical follow-up was 9 months. Patients treated with deferred stenting showed a lower risk of developing slow/no-reflow in the culprit vessel (risk ratio [RR], 0.54 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-0.72]; P < 0.001), a similar risk for MVO (RR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.76-1.14]; P = 0.51), and trended higher in the risk of recurrent ischemia (RR, 2.42 [95% CI, 0.88-6.63]; P = 0.09) compared with those treated with immediate stenting. The treatment effect for slow/no-reflow and MVO correlated with a thrombus score grade > 3 at the baseline angiography and with the total stent length implanted in the culprit artery. CONCLUSIONS A strategy of deferred stenting during primary PCI improves angiographic but not imaging or clinical outcomes compared with immediate stenting. The potential lower risk for myocardial injury by deferred stenting in primary PCI patients with STEMI and high thrombus burden requires a confirmation in adequately sized randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cassese
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Loic Belle
- Departments of Cardiology and Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois, Annecy, France
| | - Gjin Ndrepepa
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jean Luc Bosson
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Michele Fusaro
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Santa Maria di Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Jacob Lønborg
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kiril A Ahtarovski
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henning Kelbæk
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Fusaro
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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14
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Delayed vs. immediate stenting in STEMI with a high thrombus burden : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Herz 2018; 44:726-734. [PMID: 29651617 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-018-4699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of several large-scale randomized controlled trials are controversial regarding the advantages of delayed stenting (DS) compared with immediate stenting (IS). We sought to determine whether DS has benefits for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with a high thrombus burden compared with IS. METHODS We systematically searched four electronic databases. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow, TIMI myocardial blush grade (TMBG), complete ST-segment resolution (>70%), major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and major bleeding complications were studied as outcomes. Data analysis was performed using a random-effects model utilizing the Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included eight studies involving 744 patients. DS showed greater benefits than IS in terms of TIMI grade 3 flow (odds ratio [OR]: 5.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98-13.02, p < 0.001), TMBG (OR: 4.17, 95% CI: 1.87-9.31, p < 0.001), complete ST-segment resolution (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.36-3.43, p = 0.001), and MACE (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25-0.94, p = 0.03). No significant difference was observed regarding major bleeding events (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 0.40-7.66, p = 0.45). CONCLUSION DS yielded satisfactory outcomes regarding myocardial tissue reperfusion, demonstrated by the improved TIMI flow grade, TMBG, complete ST-segment resolution, and decreased MACEs without increasing major bleeding events in patients with STEMI and a high thrombus burden. DS may be preferred to IS for treating patients with this characteristic presentation.
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15
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Rao G, Sheth S, Grines C. Percutaneous coronary intervention: 2017 in review. J Interv Cardiol 2018; 31:117-128. [DOI: 10.1111/joic.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Rao
- Department of Cardiology; Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell; North Shore University Hospital; Manhasset New York
| | - Shikha Sheth
- Department of Cardiology; Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell; North Shore University Hospital; Manhasset New York
| | - Cindy Grines
- Department of Cardiology; Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell; North Shore University Hospital; Manhasset New York
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