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Korbmacher M, van der Meer D, Beck D, Askeland-Gjerde DE, Eikefjord E, Lundervold A, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT, Maximov II. Distinct Longitudinal Brain White Matter Microstructure Changes and Associated Polygenic Risk of Common Psychiatric Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease in the UK Biobank. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100323. [PMID: 39132576 PMCID: PMC11313202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the course of adulthood and aging, white matter (WM) structure and organization are characterized by slow degradation processes such as demyelination and shrinkage. An acceleration of such aging processes has been linked to the development of a range of diseases. Thus, an accurate description of healthy brain maturation, particularly in terms of WM features, is fundamental to the understanding of aging. Methods We used longitudinal diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to provide an overview of WM changes at different spatial and temporal scales in the UK Biobank (UKB) (n = 2678; agescan 1 = 62.38 ± 7.23 years; agescan 2 = 64.81 ± 7.1 years). To examine the genetic overlap between WM structure and common clinical conditions, we tested the associations between WM structure and polygenic risk scores for the most common neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and common psychiatric disorders (unipolar and bipolar depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) in longitudinal (n = 2329) and cross-sectional (n = 31,056) UKB validation data. Results Our findings indicate spatially distributed WM changes across the brain, as well as distributed associations of polygenic risk scores with WM. Importantly, brain longitudinal changes reflected genetic risk for disorder development better than the utilized cross-sectional measures, with regional differences giving more specific insights into gene-brain change associations than global averages. Conclusions We extend recent findings by providing a detailed overview of WM microstructure degeneration on different spatial levels, helping to understand fundamental brain aging processes. Further longitudinal research is warranted to examine aging-related gene-brain associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Korbmacher
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dani Beck
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel E. Askeland-Gjerde
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eli Eikefjord
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivan I. Maximov
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Neophytou K, Wiley R, Litovsky C, Tsapkini K, Rapp B. The right hemisphere's capacity for language: evidence from primary progressive aphasia. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9971-9985. [PMID: 37522277 PMCID: PMC10502784 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the right hemisphere (RH) in core language processes is still a matter of intense debate. Most of the relevant evidence has come from studies of gray matter, with relatively little research on RH white matter (WM) connectivity. Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging-based tractography, the current work examined the role of the two hemispheres in language processing in 33 individuals with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), aiming to better characterize the contribution of the RH to language processing in the context of left hemisphere (LH) damage. The findings confirm the impact of PPA on the integrity of the WM language tracts in the LH. Additionally, an examination of the relationship between tract integrity and language behaviors provides robust evidence of the involvement of the WM language tracts of both hemispheres in language processing in PPA. Importantly, this study provides novel evidence of a unique contribution of the RH to language processing (i.e. a contribution independent from that of the language-dominant LH). Finally, we provide evidence that the RH contribution is specific to language processing rather than being domain general. These findings allow us to better characterize the role of RH in language processing, particularly in the context of LH damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Neophytou
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert Wiley
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Celia Litovsky
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kyrana Tsapkini
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brenda Rapp
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Sepulveda-Falla D, Lanau CAV, White C, Serrano GE, Acosta-Uribe J, Mejía-Cupajita B, Villalba-Moreno ND, Lu P, Glatzel M, Kofler JK, Ghetti B, Frosch MP, Restrepo FL, Kosik KS, Beach TG. Comorbidities in Early-Onset Sporadic versus Presenilin-1 Mutation-Associated Alzheimer's Disease Dementia: Evidence for Dependency on Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathological Changes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.14.23294081. [PMID: 37646002 PMCID: PMC10462216 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.23294081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Autopsy studies have demonstrated that comorbid neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease occur in the great majority of subjects with Alzheimer disease dementia (ADD), and are likely to additively alter the rate of decline or severity of cognitive impairment. The most important of these are Lewy body disease (LBD), TDP-43 proteinopathy and cerebrovascular disease, including white matter rarefaction (WMR) and cerebral infarcts. Comorbidities may interfere with ADD therapeutic trials evaluation of ADD clinical trials as they may not respond to AD-specific molecular therapeutics. It is possible, however, that at least some comorbidities may be, to some degree, secondary consequences of AD pathology, and if this were true then effective AD-specific therapeutics might also reduce the extent or severity of comorbid pathology. Comorbidities in ADD caused by autosomal dominant mutations such as those in the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) gene may provide an advantageous perspective on their pathogenesis, and deserve attention because these subjects are increasingly being entered into clinical trials. As ADD associated with PSEN1 mutations has a presumed single-cause etiology, and the average age at death is under 60, any comorbidities in this setting may be considered as at least partially secondary to the causative AD mechanisms rather than aging, and thus indicate whether effective ADD therapeutics may also be effective for comorbidities. In this study, we sought to compare the rates and types of ADD comorbidities between subjects with early-onset sporadic ADD (EOSADD; subjects dying under age 60) versus ADD associated with different types of PSEN1 mutations, the most common cause of early-onset autosomal dominant ADD. In particular, we were able to ascertain, for the first time, the prevalences of a fairly complete set of ADD comorbidities in United States (US) PSEN1 cases as well as the Colombian E280A PSEN1 kindred. Data for EOSADD and US PSEN1 subjects (with multiple different mutation types) was obtained from the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (NACC). Colombian cases all had the E280A mutation and had a set of neuropathological observations classified, like the US cases according to the NACC NP10 definitions. Confirmatory of earlier reports, NACC-defined Alzheimer Disease Neuropathological Changes (ADNC) were consistently very severe in early-onset cases, whether sporadic or in PSEN1 cases, but were slightly less severe in EOSADD. Amyloid angiopathy was the only AD-associated pathology type with widely-differing severity scores between the 3 groups, with median scores of 3, 2 and 1 in the PSEN1 Colombia, PSEN1 US and EOSADD cases, respectively. Apoliprotein E genotype did not show significant proportional group differences for the possession of an E-4 or E-2 allele. Of ADD comorbidities, LBD was most common, being present in more than half of all cases in all 3 groups. For TDP-43 co-pathology, the Colombian PSEN1 group was the most affected, at about 27%, vs 16% and 11% for the US PSEN1 and sporadic US cases, respectively. Notably, hippocampal sclerosis and non-AD tau pathological conditions were not present in any of the US or Colombian PSEN1 cases, and was seen in only 3% of the EOSADD cases. Significant large-vessel atherosclerosis was present in a much larger percentage of Colombian PSEN1 cases, at almost 20% as compared to 0% and 3% of the US PSEN1 and EOSADD cases, respectively. Small-vessel disease, or arteriolosclerosis, was much more common than large vessel disease, being present in all groups between 18% and 37%. Gross and microscopic infarcts, however, as well as gross or microscopic hemorrhages, were generally absent or present at very low percentages in all groups. White matter rarefaction (WMR) was remarkably common, at almost 60%, in the US PSEN1 group, as compared to about 18% in the EOSADD cases, a significant difference. White matter rarefaction was not assessed in the Colombian PSEN1 cases. The results presented here, as well as other evidence, indicates that LBD, TDP-43 pathology and WMR, as common comorbidities with autosomal dominant and early-onset sporadic ADD, should be considered when planning clinical trials with such subjects as they may increase variability in response rates. However, they may be at least partially dependent on ADNC and thus potentially addressable by anti-amyloid or and/anti-tau therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sepulveda-Falla
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52 20246 Hamburg, Gebäude Nord 27 / Raum 02.005
| | | | - Charles White
- Neuropathology Section, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351
| | - Juliana Acosta-Uribe
- Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara
| | - Barbara Mejía-Cupajita
- Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara
| | - Nelson David Villalba-Moreno
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52 20246 Hamburg, Gebäude Nord 27 / Raum 02.005
| | - Pinzhang Lu
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52 20246 Hamburg, Gebäude Nord 27 / Raum 02.005
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52 20246 Hamburg, Gebäude Nord 27 / Raum 02.005
| | - Julia K Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351
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Beach TG, Sue LI, Scott S, Intorcia AJ, Walker JE, Arce RA, Glass MJ, Borja CI, Cline MP, Hemmingsen SJ, Qiji S, Stewart A, Martinez KN, Krupp A, McHattie R, Mariner M, Lorenzini I, Kuramoto A, Long KE, Tremblay C, Caselli RJ, Woodruff BK, Rapscak SZ, Belden CM, Goldfarb D, Choudhury P, Driver-Dunckley ED, Mehta SH, Sabbagh MN, Shill HA, Atri A, Adler CH, Serrano GE. Cerebral white matter rarefaction has both neurodegenerative and vascular causes and may primarily be a distal axonopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:457-466. [PMID: 37071794 PMCID: PMC10209646 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter rarefaction (CWMR) was considered by Binswanger and Alzheimer to be due to cerebral arteriolosclerosis. Renewed attention came with CT and MR brain imaging, and neuropathological studies finding a high rate of CWMR in Alzheimer disease (AD). The relative contributions of cerebrovascular disease and AD to CWMR are still uncertain. In 1181 autopsies by the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (AZSAND), large-format brain sections were used to grade CWMR and determine its vascular and neurodegenerative correlates. Almost all neurodegenerative diseases had more severe CWMR than the normal control group. Multivariable logistic regression models indicated that Braak neurofibrillary stage was the strongest predictor of CWMR, with additional independently significant predictors including age, cortical and diencephalic lacunar and microinfarcts, body mass index, and female sex. It appears that while AD and cerebrovascular pathology may be additive in causing CWMR, both may be solely capable of this. The typical periventricular pattern suggests that CWMR is primarily a distal axonopathy caused by dysfunction of the cell bodies of long-association corticocortical projection neurons. A consequence of these findings is that CWMR should not be viewed simply as "small vessel disease" or as a pathognomonic indicator of vascular cognitive impairment or vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Lucia I Sue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah Scott
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Richard A Arce
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael J Glass
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Madison P Cline
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Sanaria Qiji
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Analisa Stewart
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Addison Krupp
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Rylee McHattie
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Monica Mariner
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Angela Kuramoto
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathy E Long
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shyamal H Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Holly A Shill
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Alireza Atri
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
- Harvard Medical School & Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
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Zhang Y, Lin L, Feng M, Dong L, Qin Y, Su H, Zhou Z, Dai H, Wang Y. The mean diffusivity of forceps minor is useful to distinguish amnestic mild cognitive impairment from mild cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1010076. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesIn recent years, the desire to make a more fine-grained identification on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has become apparent, the etiological diagnosis of MCI in particular. Nevertheless, new methods for the etiological diagnosis of MCI are currently insufficient. The objective of this study was to establish discriminative measures for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) and MCI caused by cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).Materials and methodsIn total, 20 normal controls (NCs), 33 a-MCI patients, and 25 CSVD-MCI patients performed comprehensive neuropsychological assessments concerning global cognitive function and five cognitive domains as well as magnetic resonance imaging scan with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Diffusion parameters including fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of 20 major white matter metrics were obtained by ROI-based analyses. The neuropsychological tests and diffusion measurements were compared and binary logistic regression was used to identify the best differential indicator for the two MCI subgroups. The discriminating power was calculated by receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsAmnestic mild cognitive impairment group showed significant impairment in memory and language function, while CSVD-MCI group revealed more deficits in multi-cognitive domains of memory, language, attention and executive function than controls. Compared to the a-MCI, CSVD-MCI was significantly dysfunctional in the executive function. The CSVD-MCI group had decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity values throughout widespread white matter areas. CSVD-MCI presented more severe damage in the anterior thalamic radiation, forceps major, forceps minor and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus compared with a-MCI group. No significant neuropsychological tests were found in the binary logistic regression model, yet the DTI markers showed a higher discriminative power than the neuropsychological tests. The Stroop test errors had moderate potential (AUC = 0.747; sensitivity = 76.0%; specificity = 63.6%; P = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.617–0.877), and the mean diffusivity value of forceps minor demonstrated the highest predictive power to discriminate each MCI subtype (AUC = 0.815; sensitivity = 88.0%; specificity = 72.7%; P < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.698–0.932).ConclusionThe mean diffusivity of forceps minor may serve as an optimal indicator to differentiate between a-MCI and CSVD-MCI.
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Shafer AT, Williams OA, Perez E, An Y, Landman BA, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. Accelerated decline in white matter microstructure in subsequently impaired older adults and its relationship with cognitive decline. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac051. [PMID: 35356033 PMCID: PMC8963308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about a longitudinal decline in white matter microstructure and its associations with cognition in preclinical dementia. Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological testing were performed in 50 older adults who subsequently developed mild cognitive impairment or dementia (subsequently impaired) and 200 cognitively normal controls. Rates of white matter microstructural decline were compared between groups using voxel-wise linear mixed-effects models. Associations between change in white matter microstructure and cognition were examined. Subsequently impaired individuals had a faster decline in fractional anisotropy in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and bilateral splenium of the corpus callosum. A decline in right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus fractional anisotropy was related to a decline in verbal memory, visuospatial ability, processing speed and mini-mental state examination. A decline in bilateral splenium fractional anisotropy was related to a decline in verbal fluency, processing speed and mini-mental state examination. Accelerated regional white matter microstructural decline is evident during the preclinical phase of mild cognitive impairment/dementia and is related to domain-specific cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T. Shafer
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA,Correspondence to: Andrea T. Shafer 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore MD 21224, USA E-mail:
| | - Owen A. Williams
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Evian Perez
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA,Correspondence may also be addressed to: Susan M. Resnick E-mail:
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MacKenzie JL, Ivanova N, Nell HJ, Giordano CR, Terlecky SR, Agca C, Agca Y, Walton PA, Whitehead SN, Cechetto DF. Microglial inflammation and cognitive dysfunction in comorbid rat models of striatal ischemic stroke and alzheimer’s disease: effects of antioxidant catalase-SKL on behavioral and cellular pathology. Neuroscience 2022; 487:47-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cedres N, Diaz-Galvan P, Diaz-Flores L, Muehlboeck JS, Molina Y, Barroso J, Westman E, Ferreira D. The interplay between gray matter and white matter neurodegeneration in subjective cognitive decline. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19963-19977. [PMID: 34433132 PMCID: PMC8436909 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the interplay between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) neurodegeneration in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), including thickness across the whole cortical mantle, hippocampal volume, and integrity across the whole WM. Methods: We included 225 cognitively unimpaired individuals from a community-based cohort. Subjective cognitive complaints were assessed through 9 questions covering amnestic and non-amnestic cognitive domains. In our cohort, 123 individuals endorsed from one to six subjective cognitive complaints (i.e. they fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for SCD), while 102 individuals reported zero complaints. GM neurodegeneration was assessed through measures of cortical thickness across the whole mantle and hippocampal volume. WM neurodegeneration was assessed through measures of mean diffusivity (MD) across the whole WM skeleton. Mediation analysis and multiple linear regression were conducted to investigate the interplay between the measures of GM and WM neurodegeneration. Results: A higher number of complaints was associated with reduced hippocampal volume, cortical thinning in several frontal and temporal areas and the insula, and higher MD across the WM skeleton, with a tendency to spare the occipital lobe. SCD-related cortical thinning and increased MD were associated with each other and jointly contributed to complaints, but the contribution of cortical thinning to the number of complaints was stronger. Conclusions: Neurodegeneration processes affecting the GM and WM seem to be associated with each other in SCD and include brain areas other than those typically targeted by Alzheimer’s disease. Our findings suggest that SCD may be a sensitive behavioral marker of heterogeneous brain pathologies in individuals recruited from the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nira Cedres
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Sensory Cognitive Interaction Laboratory (SCI-lab), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Diaz-Galvan
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - J-Sebastian Muehlboeck
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaiza Molina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Barroso
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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9
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Diaz-Galvan P, Cedres N, Figueroa N, Barroso J, Westman E, Ferreira D. Cerebrovascular Disease and Depressive Symptomatology in Individuals With Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Community-Based Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:656990. [PMID: 34385912 PMCID: PMC8353130 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.656990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be the first sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it can also reflect other pathologies such as cerebrovascular disease or conditions like depressive symptomatology. The role of depressive symptomatology in SCD is controversial. We investigated the association between depressive symptomatology, cerebrovascular disease, and SCD. We recruited 225 cognitively unimpaired individuals from a prospective community-based study [mean age (SD) = 54.64 (10.18); age range 35-77 years; 55% women; 123 individuals with one or more subjective cognitive complaints, 102 individuals with zero complaints]. SCD was assessed with a scale of 9 memory and non-memory subjective complaints. Depressive symptomatology was assessed with established questionnaires. Cerebrovascular disease was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging markers of white matter signal abnormalities (WMSA) and mean diffusivity (MD). We combined correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses to investigate the association between depressive symptomatology, cerebrovascular disease, and SCD. We found that SCD was associated with more cerebrovascular disease, older age, and increased depressive symptomatology. In turn, depressive symptomatology was not associated with cerebrovascular disease. Variability in MD was mediated by WMSA burden, presumably reflecting cerebrovascular disease. We conclude that, in our community-based cohort, depressive symptomatology is associated with SCD but not with cerebrovascular disease. In addition, depressive symptomatology did not influence the association between cerebrovascular disease and SCD. We suggest that therapeutic interventions for depressive symptomatology could alleviate the psychological burden of negative emotions in people with SCD, and intervening on vascular risk factors to reduce cerebrovascular disease should be tested as an opportunity to minimize neurodegeneration in SCD individuals from the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Diaz-Galvan
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nira Cedres
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nerea Figueroa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose Barroso
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroimaging, Center for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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10
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Thordardottir S, Almkvist O, Johansson C, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Graff C. Cerebrospinal Fluid YKL-40 and Neurogranin in Familial Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:941-953. [PMID: 32568193 PMCID: PMC7505010 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YKL-40 and neurogranin are promising additional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) which reflect different underlying disease mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To compare the levels of CSF YKL-40 and neurogranin between asymptomatic carriers of familial AD (FAD) mutations (MC) and non-carriers (NC) from the same families. Another objective was to assess changes in YKL-40 and neurogranin, from the presymptomatic to clinical phase of FAD. METHODS YKL-40 and neurogranin, as well as Aβ42, total tau-protein, and phospho-tau, were measured in the CSF of 14 individuals carrying one of three FAD mutations, APPswe (p.KM670/671NL), APParc (p.E693G), and PSEN1 (p.H163Y), as well as in 17 NC from the same families. Five of the MC developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during follow-up. RESULTS In this pilot study, there was no difference in either CSF YKL-40 or neurogranin when comparing the presymptomatic MC to the NC. YKL-40 correlated positively with expected years to symptom onset and to age in both the MC and the NC, while neurogranin had no correlation to either variable in either of the groups. A subgroup of the participants underwent more than one CSF sampling in which half of the MC developed MCI during follow-up. The longitudinal data showed an increase in YKL-40 levels in the MC as the expected symptom onset approached. Neurogranin remained stable over time in both the MC and the NC. CONCLUSION These findings support a positive correlation between progression from presymptomatic to symptomatic AD and levels of CSF YKL-40, but not neurogranin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinunn Thordardottir
- Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ove Almkvist
- Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Johansson
- Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Solna, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Insitute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Solna, Sweden
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11
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Beach TG, Malek-Ahmadi M. Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathological Comorbidities are Common in the Younger-Old. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:389-400. [PMID: 33285640 PMCID: PMC8034496 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicopathological studies have demonstrated that Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is often accompanied by clinically undetectable comorbid neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease that alter the rate of cognitive decline. Aside from causing increased variability in clinical response, it is possible that the major ADD comorbidities may not respond to ADD-specific molecular therapeutics. OBJECTIVE As most reports have focused on comorbidity in the oldest-old, its extent in younger age groups that are more likely to be involved in clinical trials is largely unknown; our objective is to provide this information. METHODS We conducted a survey of neuropathological comorbidities in sporadic ADD using data from the US National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Subject data was restricted to those with dementia and meeting National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association intermediate or high AD Neuropathological Change levels, excluding those with known autosomal dominant AD-related mutations. RESULTS Highly prevalent ADD comorbidities are not restricted to the oldest-old but are common even in early-onset ADD. The percentage of cases with ADD as the sole major neuropathological diagnosis is highest in the under-60 group, where "pure" ADD cases are still in the minority at 44%. After this AD as a sole major pathology in ADD declines to roughly 20%in the 70s and beyond. Lewy body disease is the most common comorbidity at younger ages but actually is less common at later ages, while for most others, their prevalence increases with age. CONCLUSION Alzheimer's disease neuropathological comorbidities are highly prevalent even in the younger-old.
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12
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Benkert H, Bhatia S, Mirza-Davies A, Tan ZX, Harrison JR. Challenges in diffusion MRI meta-analysis: A discussion of "Genetic influences on white matter and metabolism abnormal change in Alzheimer's disease: Meta-analysis for neuroimaging research on presenilin 1 mutation". Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 199:106279. [PMID: 33091654 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Benkert
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Sanchita Bhatia
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anastasia Mirza-Davies
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Zhao Xuan Tan
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Judith R Harrison
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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13
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Harrison JR, Bhatia S, Tan ZX, Mirza-Davies A, Benkert H, Tax CMW, Jones DK. Imaging Alzheimer's genetic risk using diffusion MRI: A systematic review. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102359. [PMID: 32758801 PMCID: PMC7399253 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is an imaging technique which probes the random motion of water molecules in tissues and has been widely applied to investigate changes in white matter microstructure in Alzheimer's Disease. This paper aims to systematically review studies that examined the effect of Alzheimer's risk genes on white matter microstructure. We assimilated findings from 37 studies and reviewed their diffusion pre-processing and analysis methods. Most studies estimate the diffusion tensor (DT) and compare derived quantitative measures such as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity between groups. Those with increased AD genetic risk are associated with reduced anisotropy and increased diffusivity across the brain, most notably the temporal and frontal lobes, cingulum and corpus callosum. Structural abnormalities are most evident amongst those with established Alzheimer's Disease. Recent studies employ signal representations and analysis frameworks beyond DT MRI but show that dMRI overall lacks specificity to disease pathology. However, as the field advances, these techniques may prove useful in pre-symptomatic diagnosis or staging of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Harrison
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Sanchita Bhatia
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Zhao Xuan Tan
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anastasia Mirza-Davies
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Hannah Benkert
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Chantal M W Tax
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Nemy M, Cedres N, Grothe MJ, Muehlboeck JS, Lindberg O, Nedelska Z, Stepankova O, Vyslouzilova L, Eriksdotter M, Barroso J, Teipel S, Westman E, Ferreira D. Cholinergic white matter pathways make a stronger contribution to attention and memory in normal aging than cerebrovascular health and nucleus basalis of Meynert. Neuroimage 2020; 211:116607. [PMID: 32035186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the cholinergic system plays a central role in cognitive decline both in normal aging and neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment. Most of the previous neuroimaging research has focused on the integrity of the cholinergic basal forebrain, or its sub-region the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). Tractography using diffusion tensor imaging data may enable modelling of the NBM white matter projections. We investigated the contribution of NBM volume, NBM white matter projections, small vessel disease (SVD), and age to performance in attention and memory in 262 cognitively normal individuals (39-77 years of age, 53% female). We developed a multimodal MRI pipeline for NBM segmentation and diffusion-based tracking of NBM white matter projections, and computed white matter hypointensities (WM-hypo) as a marker of SVD. We successfully tracked pathways that closely resemble the spatial layout of the cholinergic system as seen in previous post-mortem and DTI tractography studies. We found that high WM-hypo load was associated with older age, male sex, and lower performance in attention and memory. A high WM-hypo load was also associated with lower integrity of the cholinergic system above and beyond the effect of age. In a multivariate model, age and integrity of NBM white matter projections were stronger contributors than WM-hypo load and NBM volume to performance in attention and memory. We conclude that the integrity of NBM white matter projections plays a fundamental role in cognitive aging. This and other modern neuroimaging methods offer new opportunities to re-evaluate the cholinergic hypothesis of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Nemy
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nira Cedres
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Clinical Dementia Research Section, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - J-Sebastian Muehlboeck
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Lindberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Olga Stepankova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vyslouzilova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José Barroso
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Clinical Dementia Research Section, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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15
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Thordardottir S, Graff C. Findings from the Swedish Study on Familial Alzheimer's Disease Including the APP Swedish Double Mutation. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S491-S496. [PMID: 29614673 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a brief summary of the findings from the Swedish study on familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Similar to other FAD studies, it includes prospective assessments of cognitive function, tissue sampling, and technical analyses such as MRI and PET. This 24-year-old study involves 69 individuals with a 50% risk of inheriting a disease-causing mutation in presenilin 1 (PSEN1 H163Y or I143T), or amyloid precursor protein (the Swedish APP or the arctic APP mutation) who have made a total of 169 visits. Our results show the extraordinary power in this study design to unravel the earliest changes in preclinical AD. The Swedish FAD study will continue and future research will focus on disentangling the order of pathological change using longitudinal data as well as modeling the changes in patient derived cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinunn Thordardottir
- Department of NVS, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of NVS, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Gu X, Chu T, Liu L, Han X. Genetic influences on white matter and metabolism abnormal change in Alzheimer's disease: Meta-analysis for neuroimaging research on presenilin 1 mutation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 177:47-53. [PMID: 30599314 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the presenilin1 (PSEN1) cause familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), providing a special opportunity to study pre-symptomatic individuals who would be predicted to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the future. However, whether presenilin1 (PSEN1) genotype and neuroimaging markers is a harbinger of AD remains controversial. We aimed to explore the association of PSEN1 genotype with neuroimaging markers of AD: white matter integrity, cerebral amyloid deposition and brain metabolism. We reviewed studies of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), amyloid deposition and cerebral metabolism in patients with AD and control, in order to address the relative change of white matter microstructural associated with PSEN1 genotype. We performed a systematic meta-analysis and review of 11 cross-sectional studies identified in several database from 2008 to 2018 (n = 165). The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) value was calculated to estimate the association between PSEN1 and white matter change and brain metabolism. PSEN1 mutation carrier status was associated with mean diffusivity (MD) change (pooled SMD: 2.29; 95% CI 1.04 to 3.53; p < 0.001) and increased cerebral amyloid positron emission tomography tracer (pooled SMD: 3.78, 95% CI 1.04 to 6.53, p = 0.007). PSEN1 was not associated with white matter metabolism change (p = 0.069). PSEN1 was associated with mean diffusivity (MD) increase in DTI markers and decreased brain metabolism. Theses associations may suggest the potential role of the PSEN1 gene and imaging marker in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Department of Histology Embryology, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tao Chu
- Nanjing Normal University Affiliated Middle School Xincheng Junior High School, 123 Huangshan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Department of Histology Embryology, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Department of Histology Embryology, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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17
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Thordardottir S, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Almkvist O, Ferreira D, Saint-Aubert L, Kinhult-Ståhlbom A, Thonberg H, Schöll M, Westman E, Wall A, Eriksdotter M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Nordberg A, Graff C. Reduced penetrance of the PSEN1 H163Y autosomal dominant Alzheimer mutation: a 22-year follow-up study. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:45. [PMID: 29747683 PMCID: PMC5944151 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The range of onset ages within some PSEN1 families is wide, and a few cases of reduced penetrance of PSEN1 mutations have been reported. However, published data on reduced penetrance have been limited to clinical histories, often collected retrospectively and lacking biomarker information. We present a case of reduced penetrance of the PSEN1 H163Y mutation in a carrier prospectively followed for 22 years. Methods Two brothers (A and B), both carriers of the H163Y mutation, were followed between 1995 and 2017. They underwent repeated clinical evaluations, neuropsychological assessments, and cerebrospinal fluid analyses, as well as brain imaging examinations with structural magnetic resonance, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and [11C]Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography. Results Brother A was followed between 44 and 64 years of age. Cognitive symptoms due to Alzheimer’s disease set in at the age of 54. Gradual worsening of symptoms resulted in admittance to a nursing home owing to dependence on others for all activities of daily living. He showed a curvilinear decline in cognitive function on neuropsychological tests, and changes on magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid supported a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Brother A died at the age of 64 and fulfilled the criteria for definitive Alzheimer’s disease according to neuropathological examination results. Brother B was followed between the ages of 43 and 65 and showed no cognitive deterioration on repeated neuropsychological test occasions. In addition, no biomarker evidence of Alzheimer’s disease pathology was detected, either on imaging examinations or in cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusions The average (SD) age of symptom onset for PSEN1 H163Y is 51 ± 7 years according to previous studies. However, we present a case of a biomarker-verified reduction in penetrance in a mutation carrier who was still symptom-free at the age of 65. This suggests that other genetic, epigenetic, and/or environmental factors modify the onset age. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0374-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinunn Thordardottir
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ove Almkvist
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laure Saint-Aubert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Kinhult-Ståhlbom
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Thonberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, 212 24, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anders Wall
- Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Nuclear Medicine & PET, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, 141 57, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Ferreira D, Machado A, Molina Y, Nieto A, Correia R, Westman E, Barroso J. Cognitive Variability during Middle-Age: Possible Association with Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Reserve. Front Aging Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28649200 PMCID: PMC5465264 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Increased variability in cognition with age has been argued as an indication of pathological processes. Focusing on early detection of neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated variability in cognition in healthy middle-aged adults. In order to understand possible determinants of this variability, we also investigated associations with cognitive reserve, neuroimaging markers, subjective memory complaints, depressive symptomatology, and gender. Method: Thirty-one 50 ± 2 years old individuals were investigated as target group and deviation was studied in comparison to a reference younger group of 30 individuals 40 ± 2 years old. Comprehensive neuropsychological and structural imaging protocols were collected. Brain regional volumes and cortical thickness were calculated with FreeSurfer, white matter hyperintensities with CASCADE, and mean diffusivity with FSL. Results: Across-individuals variability showed greater dispersion in lexical access, processing speed, executive functions, and memory. Variability in global cognition correlated with, reduced cortical thickness in the right parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex, and increased mean diffusivity in the cingulum bundle and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. A trend was also observed for the correlation between global cognition and hippocampal volume and female gender. All these associations were influenced by cognitive reserve. No correlations were found with subjective memory complaints, white matter hyperintensities and depressive symptomatology. Across-domains and across-tasks variability was greater in several executive components and cognitive processing speed. Conclusion: Variability in cognition during middle-age is associated with neurodegeneration in the parietal–temporal–occipital association cortex and white matter tracts connecting this to the prefrontal dorsolateral cortex and the hippocampus. Moreover, this effect is influenced by cognitive reserve. Studying variability offers valuable information showing that differences do not occur in the same magnitude and direction across individuals, cognitive domains and tasks. These findings may have important implications for early detection of subtle cognitive impairment and clinical interpretation of deviation from normality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics-Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
| | - Alejandra Machado
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics-Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
| | - Yaiza Molina
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa CanariasLas Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonieta Nieto
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
| | - Rut Correia
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain.,Facultad de Educación, Universidad Diego PortalesSantiago, Chile
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics-Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - José Barroso
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
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19
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Mak E, Gabel S, Mirette H, Su L, Williams GB, Waldman A, Wells K, Ritchie K, Ritchie C, O’Brien J. Structural neuroimaging in preclinical dementia: From microstructural deficits and grey matter atrophy to macroscale connectomic changes. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:250-264. [PMID: 27777039 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a proliferation of neuroimaging studies characterising brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), where both widespread atrophy and 'signature' brain regions have been implicated. In parallel, a prolonged latency period has been established in AD, with abnormal cerebral changes beginning many years before symptom onset. This raises the possibility of early therapeutic intervention, even before symptoms, when treatments could have the greatest effect on disease-course modification. Two important prerequisites of this endeavour are (1) accurate characterisation or risk stratification and (2) monitoring of progression using neuroimaging outcomes as a surrogate biomarker in those without symptoms but who will develop AD, here referred to as preclinical AD. Structural neuroimaging modalities have been used to identify brain changes related to risk factors for AD, such as familial genetic mutations, risk genes (for example apolipoprotein epsilon-4 allele), and/or family history. In this review, we summarise structural imaging findings in preclinical AD. Overall, the literature suggests early vulnerability in characteristic regions, such as the medial temporal lobe structures and the precuneus, as well as white matter tracts in the fornix, cingulum and corpus callosum. We conclude that while structural markers are promising, more research and validation studies are needed before future secondary prevention trials can adopt structural imaging biomarkers as either stratification or surrogate biomarkers.
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Sánchez-Valle R, Monté GC, Sala-Llonch R, Bosch B, Fortea J, Lladó A, Antonell A, Balasa M, Bargalló N, Molinuevo JL. White Matter Abnormalities Track Disease Progression in PSEN1 Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:827-35. [PMID: 26923015 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PSEN1 mutations are the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD), and show nearly full penetrance. There is presently increasing interest in the study of biomarkers that track disease progression in order to test therapeutic interventions in ADAD. We used white mater (WM) volumetric characteristics and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics to investigate correlations with the normalized time to expected symptoms onset (relative age ratio) and group differences in a cohort of 36 subjects from PSEN1 ADAD families: 22 mutation carriers, 10 symptomatic (SMC) and 12 asymptomatic (AMC), and 14 non-carriers (NC). Subjects underwent a 3T MRI. WM morphometric data and DTI metrics were analyzed. We found that PSEN1 MC showed significant negative correlation between fractional anisotropy (FA) and the relative age ratio in the genus and body of corpus callosum and corona radiate (p < 0.05 Family-wise error correction (FWE) at cluster level) and positive correlation with mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in the splenium of corpus callosum. SMC presented WM volume loss, reduced FA and increased MD, AxD, and RD in the anterior and posterior corona radiate, corpus callosum (p < 0.05 FWE) compared with NC. No significant differences were observed between AMC and NC in WM volume or DTI measures. These findings suggest that the integrity of the WM deteriorates linearly in PSEN1 ADAD from the early phases of the disease; thus DTI metrics might be useful to monitor the disease progression. However, the lack of significant alterations at the preclinical stages suggests that these indexes might not be good candidates for early markers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma C Monté
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Sala-Llonch
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargalló
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Pini L, Pievani M, Bocchetta M, Altomare D, Bosco P, Cavedo E, Galluzzi S, Marizzoni M, Frisoni GB. Brain atrophy in Alzheimer's Disease and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 30:25-48. [PMID: 26827786 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to its safety and accessibility, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extensively used in clinical routine and research field, largely contributing to our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the main findings in AD and normal aging over the past twenty years, focusing on the patterns of gray and white matter changes assessed in vivo using MRI. Major progresses in the field concern the segmentation of the hippocampus with novel manual and automatic segmentation approaches, which might soon enable to assess also hippocampal subfields. Advancements in quantification of hippocampal volumetry might pave the way to its broader use as outcome marker in AD clinical trials. Patterns of cortical atrophy have been shown to accurately track disease progression and seem promising in distinguishing among AD subtypes. Disease progression has also been associated with changes in white matter tracts. Recent studies have investigated two areas often overlooked in AD, such as the striatum and basal forebrain, reporting significant atrophy, although the impact of these changes on cognition is still unclear. Future integration of different MRI modalities may further advance the field by providing more powerful biomarkers of disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pini
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Pievani
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bosco
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UMR S 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière Paris & CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, France
| | - Samantha Galluzzi
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging & Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Memory Clinic and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Widespread white matter and conduction defects in PSEN1-related spastic paraparesis. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 47:201-209. [PMID: 27614114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutation-associated spastic paraparesis (SP) are not clear. We compared diffusion and volumetric magnetic resonance measures between 3 persons with SP associated with the A431E mutation and 7 symptomatic persons with PSEN1 mutations without SP matched for symptom duration. We performed amyloid imaging and central motor and somatosensory conduction studies in 1 subject with SP. We found decreases in fractional anisotropy and increases in mean diffusivity in widespread white-matter areas including the corpus callosum, occipital, parietal, and frontal lobes in PSEN1 mutation carriers with SP. Volumetric measures were not different, and amyloid imaging showed low signal in sensorimotor cortex and other areas in a single subject with SP. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated both slowed motor and sensory conduction in the lower extremities in this same subject. Our results suggest that SP in carriers of the A431E PSEN1 mutation is a manifestation of widespread white-matter abnormalities not confined to the corticospinal tract that is at most indirectly related to the mutation's effect on amyloid precursor protein processing and amyloid deposition.
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Ferreira D, Bartrés-Faz D, Nygren L, Rundkvist LJ, Molina Y, Machado A, Junqué C, Barroso J, Westman E. Different reserve proxies confer overlapping and unique endurance to cortical thinning in healthy middle-aged adults. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:375-383. [PMID: 27263072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate different proxies of brain and cognitive reserve as potential mediators of the effect of cortical thinning on cognition in healthy middle-aged adults. METHODS Eighty-two middle-aged individuals were included (mean(SD) age=45.1(3.9)years). Cortical thickness was calculated for multiple brain regions using FreeSurfer. Cognitive measures sensitive to early cognitive decline were selected, including Block Design from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III), Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLOT), Color Trails Test (CTT), and first learning trial of TAVEC (the Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT). Brain reserve was operationalized as total intracranial volume (TIV); and cognitive reserve was estimated by means of Years of Education, WAIS-III Vocabulary subtest, WAIS-III Information subtest, and a Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire (CRQ). Mediation effects were investigated with multiple linear regression and bootstrapping analysis. RESULTS Information and Vocabulary showed the greatest mediation capacity. All the observed mediations were positive indicating that higher levels of reserve attenuate the effect of reduced cortical thickness on cognition. Information, Vocabulary and TIV buffered the effect of frontal thinning on Block Design; Vocabulary and Years of Education buffered the effect of frontal thinning on JLOT; and CRQ buffered the effect of temporal thinning on CTT. CONCLUSION Higher reserve buffers the effect of cortical thinning on cognition in healthy middle-aged adults. The investigated proxies might be underpinned by slightly different neural networks. Advancing in the understanding of the influences of reserve in healthy middle-aged adults is crucial to facilitate early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferreira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Casanova-Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linn Nygren
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leigh J Rundkvist
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaiza Molina
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alejandra Machado
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Casanova-Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Barroso
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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Lin N, Xiong LL, Zhang RP, Zheng H, Wang L, Qian ZY, Zhang P, Chen ZW, Gao FB, Wang TH. Injection of Aβ1-40 into hippocampus induced cognitive lesion associated with neuronal apoptosis and multiple gene expressions in the tree shrew. Apoptosis 2016; 21:621-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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