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Hajeer AH. Association with the actual blood group is the ONLY culprit in ABO and COVID-19 disease severity. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 54:101181. [PMID: 37731688 PMCID: PMC10507374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Hajeer
- RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, P.O. Box.11172, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, KSAU-HS- Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bullerdiek J, Reisinger E, Rommel B, Dotzauer A. ABO blood groups and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1381-1395. [PMID: 35364749 PMCID: PMC8973646 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is no doubt that genetic factors of the host play a role in susceptibility to infectious diseases. An association between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the severity of COVID-19 has been suggested relatively early during the pandemic and gained enormously high public interest. It was postulated that blood group A predisposes to a higher risk of infection as well as to a much higher risk of severe respiratory disease and that people with blood group O are less frequently and less severely affected by the disease. However, as to the severity of COVID-19, a thorough summary of the existing literature does not support these assumptions in general. Accordingly, at this time, there is no reason to suppose that knowledge of a patient's ABO phenotype should directly influence therapeutical decisions in any way. On the other hand, there are many data available supporting an association between the ABO blood groups and the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. To explain this association, several interactions between the virus and the host cell membrane have been proposed which will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Bullerdiek
- Institute for Medical Genetics, University of Rostock, University Medicine, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Emil Reisinger
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Rommel
- Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dotzauer
- Laboratory of Virus Research, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Banchelli F, Negro P, Guido M, D’Amico R, Fittipaldo VA, Grima P, Zizza A. The Role of ABO Blood Type in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113029. [PMID: 35683418 PMCID: PMC9181227 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection has caused over 422 million contagions and 5.8 million deaths resulting in a global health crisis. Several studies have investigated the risk factors predisposing to the infection and reported that the host susceptibility can be linked to the ABO blood group, but the current evidence is controversial. We systematically searched for articles in EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane library published up to 7 May 2021 to explore the association of the ABO blood group with the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. All studies in people undergoing SARS-CoV-2 test controls were included. Odds ratios were obtained in each study and then synthesised by using meta-analysis. Overall, 22 articles were selected and more than 1,200,000 individuals of whom 74,563 resulted positive to SARS-CoV-2 and 1,166,717 resulted negative, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, 487,985 subjects had blood group A, 151,879 had group B, 52,621 had group AB, and 548,795 had group O. Group O was slightly less associated with infection, as compared to the other three blood groups (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85–0.99, p = 0.02). Conversely, group A was slightly more associated with infection, as compared to the other three groups (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00–1.13, p = 0.04). This meta-analysis shows associations between blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection and supports the hypothesis that blood type O may have a slightly lower risk of infection, whereas blood type A may have a slightly higher risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Banchelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy or (F.B.); (R.D.)
- Unit of Statistical and Methodological Support to Clinical Research, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Negro
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Inter-Company Department of Transfusion Medicine (IDTM) of Local Health Unit (LHU) of Lecce, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-347-9644734
| | - Marcello Guido
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Roberto D’Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy or (F.B.); (R.D.)
- Unit of Statistical and Methodological Support to Clinical Research, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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