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Holmegaard L, Jensen C, Pedersen A, Blomstrand C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Jood K, Jern C. Circulating levels of neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of infarct and white matter hyperintensity volumes after ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16180. [PMID: 39003344 PMCID: PMC11246414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum neurofilament light chain protein (sNfL) shows promise as a biomarker for infarct size in acute ischemic stroke and for monitoring cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). However, distinguishing the cSVD contribution after stroke may not be possible due to post-stroke sNfL increase. Additionally, it remains unclear if etiologic subtype differences exist. We measured infarct and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes using MRI at the index stroke in ischemic stroke patients (n = 316, mean age 53 years, 65% males) and at 7-year follow-up (n = 187). Serum NfL concentration was measured in the acute phase (n = 235), at 3-months (n = 288), and 7-years (n = 190) post stroke. In multivariable regression, acute and 3-month sNfL concentrations were associated with infarct volume and time since stroke, but not with stroke etiology or infarct location. Seven years post-stroke, sNfL was associated with WMHs and age, but not with stroke etiology. Nonlinear regression estimated that sNfL peaks around 1 month, and declines by 50% at 3 months, and 99% at 9 months. We conclude that sNfL can indicate infarct volume and time since brain injury in the acute and subacute phases after stroke. Due to the significant post-stroke sNfL increase, several months are needed for reliable assessment of cSVD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Holmegaard
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Christer Jensen
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annie Pedersen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Blomstrand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Jern
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhang Y, Wei T, Yu H, Li W, Luo W, Liu B. Neuroimaging and clinical features of bilateral Wallerian degeneration of middle cerebellar peduncles subsequent to pontine infarction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14828. [PMID: 38946709 PMCID: PMC11215464 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wallerian degeneration (WD) of the middle cerebellar peduncles (MCPs) following pontine infarction is a rare secondary degenerative neurological condition. Due to its infrequency, there is limited research on its characteristics. METHODS This study aims to present three cases of WD of MCPs following pontine infarction and to analyze the prognosis, clinical manifestations, and neuroimaging features by amalgamating our cases with previously reported ones. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 25 cases, comprising 18 men and 7 women aged 29 to 77 years (mean age: 66.2 years). The majority of patients (94%) exhibit risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, with hypertension being the primary risk factor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect WD of MCPs within a range of 21 days to 12 months following pontine infarction. This degeneration is characterized by bilateral symmetric hyperintensities on T2/FLAIR-weighted images (WI) lesions in the MCPs. Moreover, restricted diffusion, with hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) signal intensity may be observed as early as 21 days after the infarction. Upon detection of WD, it was observed that 20 patients (80%) remained asymptomatic during subsequent clinic visits, while four (16%) experienced a worsening of pre-existing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of neurologists enhancing their understanding of this condition by gaining fresh insights into the neuroimaging characteristics, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of individuals with WD of bilateral MCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, School of Clinical MedicineWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
| | - Wenqian Luo
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanChina
- Shandong Institute of NeuroimmunologyJinanChina
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Ye M, Li Z, Zhuang Y, Yang Q, Fu Q, Chen R, Gao E, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Cai S, Chen Z, Cai C, Dong Y, Bao J, Cheng J. Anti-motion Ultrafast T 2 Mapping Technique for Quantitative Detection of the Normal-Appearing Corticospinal Tract Changes in Subacute-Chronic Stroke Patients with Distal Lesions. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:2488-2500. [PMID: 38142175 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Stroke patients commonly face challenges during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations due to involuntary movements. This study aims to overcome these challenges by utilizing multiple overlapping-echo detachment (MOLED) quantitative technology. Through this technology, we also seek to detect microstructural changes of the normal-appearing corticospinal tract (NA-CST) in subacute-chronic stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 79 patients underwent 3.0 T MRI scans, including routine scans and MOLED technique. A deep learning network was utilized for image reconstruction, and the accuracy, reliability, and resistance to motion of the MOLED technique were validated on phantoms and volunteers. Subsequently, we assessed motor dysfunction severity, ischemic lesion volume, T2 values of the bilateral NA-CST, and the T2 ratio (rT2) between the ipsilesional and contralesional NA-CST in patients. RESULTS The MOLED technique showed high accuracy (P < 0.001) and excellent repeatability, with a mean coefficient of variation (CoV) of 1.11%. It provided reliable quantitative results even under head movement, with a mean difference (Meandiff)= 0.28% and a standard deviation difference (SDdiff)= 1.34%. Additionally, the T2 value of the ipsilesional NA-CST was significantly higher than contralesional side (P < 0.001), and a positive correlation was observed between rT2 and the severity of motor dysfunction (rs =0.575, P < 0.001). Furthermore, rT2 successfully predicted post-stroke motor impairment, with an area under the curve (AUC) was 0.883. CONCLUSION The MOLED technique offers significant advantages for quantitatively imaging stroke patients with involuntary movements. Additionally, T2 mapping from MOLED can detect microstructural changes in the NA-CST, potentially aiding in monitoring stroke-induced motor impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Ming Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China (M.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Zongye Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Yuchuan Zhuang
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, 14627, USA (Y.Z.)
| | - Qinqin Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China (M.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Qichang Fu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Eryuan Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Yanan Ren
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China (M.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Zhong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China (M.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Congbo Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China (M.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Yanbo Dong
- Institute of Psychology, The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint Petersburg, 190121, Russia (Y.D.)
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China (Y.Z., X.W., Z.L., Q.F., R.C., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.).
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Nägele FL, Petersen M, Mayer C, Bönstrup M, Schulz R, Gerloff C, Thomalla G, Cheng B. Longitudinal microstructural alterations surrounding subcortical ischemic stroke lesions detected by free-water imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26722. [PMID: 38780442 PMCID: PMC11114091 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study we explore the spatio-temporal trajectory and clinical relevance of microstructural white matter changes within and beyond subcortical stroke lesions detected by free-water imaging. Twenty-seven patients with subcortical infarct with mean age of 66.73 (SD 11.57) and median initial NIHSS score of 4 (IQR 3-7) received diffusion MRI 3-5 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months after symptom-onset. Extracellular free-water and fractional anisotropy of the tissue (FAT) were averaged within stroke lesions and the surrounding tissue. Linear models showed increased free-water and decreased FAT in the white matter of patients with subcortical stroke (lesion [free-water/FAT, mean relative difference in %, ipsilesional vs. contralesional hemisphere at 3-5 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months after symptom-onset]: +41/-34, +111/-37, +208/-26, +251/-18; perilesional tissue [range in %]: +[5-24]/-[0.2-7], +[2-20]/-[3-16], +[5-43]/-[2-16], +[10-110]/-[2-12]). Microstructural changes were most prominent within the lesion and gradually became less pronounced with increasing distance from the lesion. While free-water elevations continuously increased over time and peaked after 12 months, FAT decreases were most evident 1 month post-stroke, gradually returning to baseline values thereafter. Higher perilesional free-water and higher lesional FAT at baseline were correlated with greater reductions in lesion size (rho = -0.51, p = .03) in unadjusted analyses only, while there were no associations with clinical measures. In summary, we find a characteristic spatio-temporal pattern of extracellular and cellular alterations beyond subcortical stroke lesions, indicating a dynamic parenchymal response to ischemia characterized by vasogenic edema, cellular damage, and white matter atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix L. Nägele
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Marvin Petersen
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Carola Mayer
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Marlene Bönstrup
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Robert Schulz
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
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Zedde M, Grisendi I, Assenza F, Napoli M, Moratti C, Di Cecco G, D’Aniello S, Valzania F, Pascarella R. Stroke-Induced Secondary Neurodegeneration of the Corticospinal Tract-Time Course and Mechanisms Underlying Signal Changes in Conventional and Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1969. [PMID: 38610734 PMCID: PMC11012763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary neurodegeneration refers to the final result of several simultaneous and sequential mechanisms leading to the loss of substance and function in brain regions connected to the site of a primary injury. Stroke is one of the most frequent primary injuries. Among the subtypes of post-stroke secondary neurodegeneration, axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tract, also known as Wallerian degeneration, is the most known, and it directly impacts motor functions, which is crucial for the motor outcome. The timing of its appearance in imaging studies is usually considered late (over 4 weeks), but some diffusion-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), might show alterations as early as within 7 days from the stroke. The different sequential pathological stages of secondary neurodegeneration provide an interpretation of the signal changes seen by MRI in accordance with the underlying mechanisms of axonal necrosis and repair. Depending on the employed MRI technique and on the timing of imaging, different rates and thresholds of Wallerian degeneration have been provided in the literature. In fact, three main pathological stages of Wallerian degeneration are recognizable-acute, subacute and chronic-and MRI might show different changes: respectively, hyperintensity on T2-weighted sequences with corresponding diffusion restriction (14-20 days after the injury), followed by transient hypointensity of the tract on T2-weighted sequences, and by hyperintensity and atrophy of the tract on T2-weighted sequences. This is the main reason why this review is focused on MRI signal changes underlying Wallerian degeneration. The identification of secondary neurodegeneration, and in particular Wallerian degeneration, has been proposed as a prognostic indicator for motor outcome after stroke. In this review, the main mechanisms and neuroimaging features of Wallerian degeneration in adults are addressed, focusing on the time and mechanisms of tissue damage underlying the signal changes in MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (I.G.); (F.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Ilaria Grisendi
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (I.G.); (F.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Federica Assenza
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (I.G.); (F.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Manuela Napoli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.N.); (C.M.); (G.D.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Claudio Moratti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.N.); (C.M.); (G.D.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Giovanna Di Cecco
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.N.); (C.M.); (G.D.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Serena D’Aniello
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.N.); (C.M.); (G.D.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (I.G.); (F.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.N.); (C.M.); (G.D.C.); (S.D.); (R.P.)
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Mu J, Hao L, Wang Z, Fu X, Li Y, Hao F, Duan H, Yang Z, Li X. Visualizing Wallerian degeneration in the corticospinal tract after sensorimotor cortex ischemia in mice. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:636-641. [PMID: 37721295 PMCID: PMC10581571 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke can cause Wallerian degeneration in regions outside of the brain, particularly in the corticospinal tract. To investigate the fate of major glial cells and axons within affected areas of the corticospinal tract following stroke, we induced photochemical infarction of the sensorimotor cortex leading to Wallerian degeneration along the full extent of the corticospinal tract. We first used a routine, sensitive marker of axonal injury, amyloid precursor protein, to examine Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract. An antibody to amyloid precursor protein mapped exclusively to proximal axonal segments within the ischemic cortex, with no positive signal in distal parts of the corticospinal tract, at all time points. To improve visualization of Wallerian degeneration, we next utilized an orthograde virus that expresses green fluorescent protein to label the corticospinal tract and then quantitatively evaluated green fluorescent protein-expressing axons. Using this approach, we found that axonal degeneration began on day 3 post-stroke and was almost complete by 7 days after stroke. In addition, microglia mobilized and activated early, from day 7 after stroke, but did not maintain a phagocytic state over time. Meanwhile, astrocytes showed relatively delayed mobilization and a moderate response to Wallerian degeneration. Moreover, no anterograde degeneration of spinal anterior horn cells was observed in response to Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract. In conclusion, our data provide evidence for dynamic, pathogenic spatiotemporal changes in major cellular components of the corticospinal tract during Wallerian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Liufang Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Fu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yusen Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Imai T, Sakamoto K, Hasegawa T, Shioda Y, Tsutsumi Y, Sakaue S, Imamura T, Morimoto A, Iehara T. Cerebellar peduncle damage in Langerhans cell histiocytosis-associated neurodegenerative disease revealed by diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:43-54. [PMID: 37983002 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To confirm the hypothesis that brain white matter damage is involved in the pathogenesis and disease progression of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)-associated neurodegenerative disease (ND), we aimed to analyze pediatric patients with LCH using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS We enrolled 33 patients with LCH and obtained 33 DTI datasets. Using DTI-based tractography, fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter tracts. The participants were divided into three groups-non-ND, ND without clinical symptoms (r-ND), and ND with clinical symptoms (c-ND)-according to their clinical status during the examination with DTI. We compared the DTI parameters in white matter tracts were compared among the three groups. RESULTS In the order of non-ND, r-ND, and c-ND groups, the FA in superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) and middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) significantly decreased, the ADC, AD, and RD of MCP, and the RD of SCP were significantly elevated (FA-SCP; p < 0.001, FA-MCP; p = 0.026, ADC-MCP; p < 0.001, AD-MCP; p = 0.002, RD-MCP; p = 0.003, and RD-SCP; p = 0.018). Furthermore, in the simple linear regression analysis, the FA, ADC, AD, and RD values in the MCP and the FA value in the SCP were significantly influenced by the presence of neurological symptoms and ND findings on MRI (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In LCH-ND, we identified microstructural damage in the SCP and MCP. DTI parameters in these tracts may help monitor LCH-ND; therefore, future studies are required to validate these results in a large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakamoto
- Departments of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Yoko Shioda
- Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsutsumi
- Departments of Radiology, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakaue
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Morimoto
- Departments of Pediatrics, Showa Inan General Hospital, Komagane, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Hernandez Petzsche MR, Boeckh-Behrens T, Bernkopf K, Henze S, Maegerlein C, Sepp D, Zimmer C, Wunderlich S, Ikenberg B, Berndt MT. Breaking with a dogma: persisting diffusion restrictions (pDWI) in follow-up after endovascular treatment for stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:1129-1135. [PMID: 36539271 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-019678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) signal transformation of the infarct core, which results in high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and variable DWI signal intensity, is completed no later than 1 month after onset of ischemia. We observed frequent exceptions to this timeline of change in DWI signal, which led to uncertainties in further clinical patient management. METHODS A prospective single-center study of patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy of a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation was conducted. Patients received high-resolution MRI at 3T, including DWI, in the acute post-stroke phase and in the follow-up after 3-12 months. RESULTS Overall, 78 patients (45 men) of mean age 63.6 years were evaluated. We identified persisting or new diffusion restriction in 29 of the 78 patients (37.2%) on follow-up imaging. Diffusion restrictions in a different location from the infarct core, representing new (sub-)acute ischemia, were observed in four patients (5.1%). Smaller areas of persisting diffusion restriction (pDWI lesions with high DWI signal and reduced ADC values) within the former infarct core were observed in 25 patients (32.1%) without clinical evidence of recurrent stroke, but with worse outcome scores at follow-up compared with patients without pDWI lesions. The presence of pDWI lesions is associated with a large primary infarct core (multivariate regression OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.05); p<0.01), mediating the relationship between pDWI lesions and clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Smaller foci of persisting diffusion restriction (pDWI lesions) in the follow-up after endovascular treatment for stroke are frequent and likely represent a slowed ADC signal progression within a formerly large infarct core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Roman Hernandez Petzsche
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Boeckh-Behrens
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Bernkopf
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Henze
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Maegerlein
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Sepp
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Ikenberg
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Berndt
- Department of diagnostic and interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Zhou DJ, Gress DR, Hawkes MA. Delayed Diffusion Restriction of Wallerian Degeneration. Neurocrit Care 2023; 38:825-828. [PMID: 36828981 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Zhou
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 988440 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-8440, USA
| | - Daryl R Gress
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 988440 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-8440, USA
| | - Maximiliano A Hawkes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 988440 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-8440, USA.
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10
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Mao R, Du D, Zhu X, Li W. Velvet antler polypeptide combined with calcium phosphate coating to protect peripheral nerve cells from oxidative stress. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:915-923. [PMID: 36036305 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Functionalizing biomaterial substrates with biological signals shows promise in regulating cell behaviors through mimicking cellular microenvironment. Calcium phosphate (CaP) coating is an excellent carrier for immobilizing biological molecules due to its non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favorable affinity to plenty of molecules. In this study, we reported the adhesion, the viability and proliferation behaviors after oxidative stress injury of Schwann cells RSC96 on CaP immobilized with the Velvet Antler Peptide (VAP) isolated from velvet antler through coprecipitation process in modified Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) containing VAP. This approach provided well retention of functional molecules up to 28 days, and supported the adhesion and proliferation of RSC96 after oxidative stress injury without cytotoxicity. The simple and reproducible method of coprecipitation suggests that CaP is an ideal carrier to functionalize materials with biological molecules for peripheral nerve repair-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqun Mao
- Department of Hand-Foot Microsurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalian Du
- Department of Gynaecology, Shenzhen Nanshan District Maternal and Chlid Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodi Zhu
- Department of Hand-Foot Microsurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Hand-Foot Microsurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Preservation of frontal white matter tracts in ventricular surgery: favoring an anterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach vs a transcortical transfrontal transventricular approach. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:3349-3359. [PMID: 35933549 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Secondary to the creation of a surgical corridor and retraction, white matter tracts degenerate, causing long-term scarring with potential neurological consequences. Third and lateral ventricle tumors require surgery that may lead to cognitive impairment. Our objective is to compare the long-term consequences of a transcortical transfrontal approach and an interhemispheric transcallosal approach on corpus callosum and frontal white matter tracts degeneration. Surgical patients with ventricular tumor accessible through both approaches were included and clinico-radiological data were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was the callosotomy length at 3-month post-operative T1 MRI, corrected by the extension of the tumor and the use of neuronavigation. Secondary outcomes included perioperative criteria such as bleeding, use of retractors and duration, FLAIR hypersignal on 3-month MRI, and re-do surgeries. To assess white matter tract interruption, 3-month FLAIR hypersignal was superposed to a tractography atlas. Seventy patients were included, 57 (81%) in the transfrontal group and 13 (19%) in the interhemispheric group. There was no difference in the mean callosotomy length on 3-month MRI (12.3 mm ± 5.60 transfrontal vs 11.7 mm ± 3.92 interhemispheric, p = 0.79) on univariate and multivariate analyses. The callosotomy length was inferior by - 3.13 mm for tumors located exclusively in the third ventricle (p = 0.016), independent of the approach. Retractors were used more often in transfrontal approaches (60% vs 33%, p < 0.001). The extent of frontal FLAIR hypersignal was higher after transfrontal approach (14.1 mm vs 0.525 mm, p < 0.001), correlated to the use of retractors (p < 0.05). After the interhemispheric approach, no tract other than corpus callosum was interrupted, whereas, after the transfrontal approach, frontal arcuate fibers and projections from the thalamus were interrupted in all patients, the cingulum in 19 (33%), the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus in 15 (26%), and the superior longitudinal fasciculus in 2 (3%). Transfrontal and interhemispheric approaches to the third and lateral ventricles both lead to the same long-term damage to the corpus callosum, but the transfrontal approach interrupts several white matter tracts essential to cognitive tasks such as attention and planning, even in the non-dominant hemisphere. These results encourage all neurosurgeons to be familiar with both approaches and favor the interhemispheric approach when both can give access to the tumor with a comparable risk. Neuropsychological studies are necessary to correlate these anatomical findings to cognitive outcomes.
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12
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Prediction of motor recovery after ischemic stroke: Clinical and diffusion tensor imaging study. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 96:68-73. [PMID: 34992028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of stroke-induced disruption to the corticospinal tract (CST) would be predictable to affect motor outcome. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive technique that can be applied to assess the structural integrity of the CST. AIM OF THE WORK To assess the value of DTI in patients early presenting with acute ischemic stroke as a prognostic modality to predict the clinical outcome PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with acute ischemic stroke underwent clinical assessment using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Medical Research Council (MRC) score, Morticity Index (MI), and DTI to detect the degree of reduction of fractional anisotropy (FA), and pattern of CST at baseline and after 6 months follow up. Seventeen age, sex matched controls underwent DTI assessment. RESULTS The stroke patients showed a significant reduction in the baseline FA values of the CSTs on the affected sides compared to the contralateral sides and controls. Moreover, they showed lower mean baseline FA lesion side and FA ratio(rFA) compared to follow up. The patients with high baseline FA, rFA showed good recovery response with cut off values of 0.483, 0.948 respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between baseline FA on the lesion side, rFA and follow up NIHSS, and MRS scores and they had a significant positive correlation with follow up MI scores. CONCLUSION Patients with higher baseline FA, rFA values were correlated with better motor recovery, and could predict the motor recovery in ischemic stroke patients.
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13
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Oginezawa S, Tomita D, Umeda Y, Umeda M, Oyake M, Fujita N. [Observing the time course of early long pyramidal tract Wallerian degeneration after acute ischemic stroke: a case report]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2021; 61:477-481. [PMID: 34148937 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 75-year-old man was found lying prostrate in a hot room in the middle of summer. On admission, he had high fever, dehydration, and multiple decubitus, in addition to right hemiparesis and total aphasia. Brain CT showed subacute ischemic stroke in the territory of left middle cerebral artery. Brain MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) 4 days after admission detected high signal intensity lesions in the left pyramidal tract from the midbrain cerebral peduncle to the lower pons, indicating early Wallerian degeneration. The lesions were found to extend to the contralateral pyramidal decussation by MRI DWI day 12, but they had disappeared on day 28. On the other hand, brain MRI FLAIR images detected the lesions clearly day 44. Also, diffusion tensor tractography detects fewer left cerebral pyramidal tracts. No previous reports have documented the time course of such long Wallerian degeneration. This case suggests that dehydration may promote the onset of early and long Wallerian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maiko Umeda
- Department of Neurology, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital
| | - Mutsuo Oyake
- Department of Neurology, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital
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14
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Lux D, Edwards M, Zhang L. Suspecting unwitnessed hypoglycaemia. Pract Neurol 2021; 21:practneurol-2020-002887. [PMID: 33850032 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycaemic coma can present with acute neurological dysfunction mimicking stroke. It may be masked by normoglycaemia due to physiological compensatory mechanisms (Somogyi phenomenon). Specific MR brain scan changes should alert the clinician to consider this alternative to stroke in the acute setting in patients with a history of recurrent hypoglycaemia, even when the blood glucose is not low at presentation. Rapid identification and treatment of hypoglycaemia may confer a good prognosis with radiological resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Lux
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, St George's Hospital Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, London, Greater London, UK
| | - Mark Edwards
- Department of Neurology, St George's Hospital Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, London, Greater London, UK
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, St George's Hospital Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, London, Greater London, UK
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15
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Patel A, Koul P, Harel A. Wallerian degeneration as a mimic of recurrence of myelitis. Pract Neurol 2021; 21:235-236. [PMID: 33737387 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A middle-aged woman with idiopathic longitudinally extensive myelitis underwent repeat MR scan of cervical spine at 5-month follow-up, which showed new non-enhancing T2 hyperintensities, initially reported as myelitis recurrence. However, the hyperintensities involved both lateral corticospinal tracts caudal to the initial lesion and both dorsal columns rostral to the initial lesion and were therefore compatible with Wallerian degeneration. This radiological mimic should be considered in the differential of recurrence of myelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Patel
- Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Prateeka Koul
- Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Asaff Harel
- Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA .,Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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16
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van der Eerden AW, van den Heuvel TL, Perlbarg V, Vart P, Vos PE, Puybasset L, Galanaud D, Platel B, Manniesing R, Goraj BM. Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds in the Subacute Phase Are Practical and Early Predictors of Abnormality of the Normal-Appearing White Matter in the Chronic Phase. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:861-867. [PMID: 33632731 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the chronic phase after traumatic brain injury, DTI findings reflect WM integrity. DTI interpretation in the subacute phase is less straightforward. Microbleed evaluation with SWI is straightforward in both phases. We evaluated whether the microbleed concentration in the subacute phase is associated with the integrity of normal-appearing WM in the chronic phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty of 211 consecutive patients 18 years of age or older admitted to our emergency department ≤24 hours after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury matched the selection criteria. Standardized 3T SWI, DTI, and T1WI were obtained 3 and 26 weeks after traumatic brain injury in 31 patients and 24 healthy volunteers. At baseline, microbleed concentrations were calculated. At follow-up, mean diffusivity (MD) was calculated in the normal-appearing WM in reference to the healthy volunteers (MDz). Through linear regression, we evaluated the relation between microbleed concentration and MDz in predefined structures. RESULTS In the cerebral hemispheres, MDz at follow-up was independently associated with the microbleed concentration at baseline (left: B = 38.4 [95% CI 7.5-69.3], P = .017; right: B = 26.3 [95% CI 5.7-47.0], P = .014). No such relation was demonstrated in the central brain. MDz in the corpus callosum was independently associated with the microbleed concentration in the structures connected by WM tracts running through the corpus callosum (B = 20.0 [95% CI 24.8-75.2], P < .000). MDz in the central brain was independently associated with the microbleed concentration in the cerebral hemispheres (B = 25.7 [95% CI 3.9-47.5], P = .023). CONCLUSIONS SWI-assessed microbleeds in the subacute phase are associated with DTI-based WM integrity in the chronic phase. These associations are found both within regions and between functionally connected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W van der Eerden
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands .,Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T L van den Heuvel
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V Perlbarg
- Inserm, Sorbonne Université (V.P.), CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France.,BrainTale SAS (V.P.), Paris, France
| | - P Vart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.V.), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P E Vos
- Department of Neurology (P.E.V.), Santiz-Slingeland Hospital, Doetinchem, The Netherlands
| | - L Puybasset
- Department of Neurosurgical ICU (L.P.), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - D Galanaud
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.G.), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - B Platel
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Manniesing
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B M Goraj
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.W.v.d.E., T.L.v.d.H., B.P., R.M., B.M.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging (B.M.G.), Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Liu H, Zhang J, Xu X, Lu S, Yang D, Xie C, Jia M, Zhang W, Jin L, Wang X, Shen X, Li F, Wang W, Bao X, Li S, Zhu M, Wang W, Wang Y, Huang Z, Teng H. SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and inhibits neural regeneration after spinal cord injury through NF-κB signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4187-4206. [PMID: 33754056 PMCID: PMC7977471 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is a common pathological feature in many acute and chronic neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI). SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1), the fifth TLR (Toll-like receptor) adaptor, has diverse functions in the immune and nervous systems, and recently has been identified as a key mediator of Wallerian degeneration (WD). However, the detailed functions of SARM1 after SCI still remain unclear. Methods: Modified Allen's method was used to establish a contusion model of SCI in mice. Furthermore, to address the function of SARM1 after SCI, conditional knockout (CKO) mice in the central nervous system (CNS), SARM1Nestin-CKO mice, and SARM1GFAP-CKO mice were successfully generated by Nestin-Cre and GFAP-Cre transgenic mice crossed with SARM1flox/flox mice, respectively. Immunostaining, Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining and behavioral test assays such as footprint and Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scoring were used to examine the roles of SARM1 pathway in SCI based on these conditional knockout mice. Drugs such as FK866, an inhibitor of SARM1, and apoptozole, an inhibitor of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), were used to further explore the molecular mechanism of SARM1 in neural regeneration after SCI. Results: We found that SARM1 was upregulated in neurons and astrocytes at early stage after SCI. SARM1Nestin-CKO and SARM1GFAP-CKO mice displayed normal development of the spinal cords and motor function. Interestingly, conditional deletion of SARM1 in neurons and astrocytes promoted the functional recovery of behavior performance after SCI. Mechanistically, conditional deletion of SARM1 in neurons and astrocytes promoted neuronal regeneration at intermediate phase after SCI, and reduced neuroinflammation at SCI early phase through downregulation of NF-κB signaling after SCI, which may be due to upregulation of HSP70. Finally, FK866, an inhibitor of SARM1, reduced the neuroinflammation and promoted the neuronal regeneration after SCI. Conclusion: Our results indicate that SARM1-mediated prodegenerative pathway and neuroinflammation promotes the pathological progress of SCI and anti-SARM1 therapeutics are viable and promising approaches for preserving neuronal function after SCI.
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18
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Levy-Lamdan O, Zifman N, Sasson E, Efrati S, Hack DC, Tanne D, Dolev I, Fogel H. Evaluation of White Matter Integrity Utilizing the DELPHI (TMS-EEG) System. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:589107. [PMID: 33408607 PMCID: PMC7779791 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.589107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate brain white matter (WM) fibers connectivity damage in stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) subjects by direct electrophysiological imaging (DELPHI) that analyzes transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (TEPs). Methods The study included 123 participants, out of which 53 subjects with WM-related pathologies (39 stroke, 14 TBI) and 70 healthy age-related controls. All subjects underwent DELPHI brain network evaluations of TMS-electroencephalogram (EEG)-evoked potentials and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans for quantification of WM microstructure fractional anisotropy (FA). Results DELPHI output measures show a significant difference between the healthy and stroke/TBI groups. A multidimensional approach was able to classify healthy from unhealthy with a balanced accuracy of 0.81 ± 0.02 and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 ± 0.01. Moreover, a multivariant regression model of DELPHI output measures achieved prediction of WM microstructure changes measured by FA with the highest correlations observed for fibers proximal to the stimulation area, such as frontal corpus callosum (r = 0.7 ± 0.02), anterior internal capsule (r = 0.7 ± 0.02), and fronto-occipital fasciculus (r = 0.65 ± 0.03). Conclusion These results indicate that features of TMS-evoked response are correlated to WM microstructure changes observed in pathological conditions, such as stroke and TBI, and that a multidimensional approach combining these features in supervised learning methods serves as a strong indicator for abnormalities and changes in WM integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noa Zifman
- QuantalX Neuroscience, Beer-Yaacov, Israel
| | - Efrat Sasson
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dallas C Hack
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - David Tanne
- Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Stroke and Cognition Institute, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
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19
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Srisaikaew P, Wongpakaran N, Anderson ND, Chen JJ, Kothan S, Varnado P, Unsrisong K, Mahakkanukrauh P. Fornix Integrity Is Differently Associated With Cognition in Healthy Aging and Non-amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study in Thai Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:594002. [PMID: 33343334 PMCID: PMC7745667 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.594002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the fornix leads to significant memory impairment and executive dysfunction and is associated with dementia risk. We sought to identify if fornix integrity and fiber length are disrupted in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and how they associate with cognition. Data from 14 healthy older adult controls (HCs) and 17 subjects with non-amnestic MCI (n-aMCI) were analyzed. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 1.5 Tesla MRI was performed to enable manual tracing of the fornix and calculation of DTI parameters. Higher fractional anisotropy of body and column of the fornix was associated with better executive functioning and memory, more strongly in the HC than in the n-aMCI group. Fornix fiber tract length (FTL) was associated with better executive function, more strongly in the n-aMCI than in the HC group, and with better memory, more strongly in the HC than in the n-aMCI group. These results highlight a decline in the contributions of the fornix to cognition in n-aMCI and suggest that maintenance of fornix FTL is essential for sustaining executive functioning in people with n-aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharaporn Srisaikaew
- Ph.D. Program in Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nicole D. Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Science, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J. Jean Chen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Science, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pairada Varnado
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Unsrisong
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Bao B, Wu X, Xia Z, Shen Y. Hypertrophic olivary degeneration concomitant with bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles Wallerian degeneration following unilateral pontine infarction. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:409. [PMID: 33160302 PMCID: PMC7648961 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wallerian degeneration (WD) can occur in different projecting systems, such as corticospinal tract, dentate-rubro-olivary pathway, and corticopontocerebellar tract. However, the co-occurrence of hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) and middle cerebellar peduncles (MCPs) degeneration secondary to unilateral pontine infarction in a single patient is extremely rare. Case presentation A 71-year-old man presented with acute onset of dizzness, slurred speech, and right-sided weakness. On the next day, his previous neurologic deficits deteriorated. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed acute ischemic stroke of the left pons. After treatment with thrombolysis, antiplatelets, and rehabilitation training, his speaking and motor function improved moderately. At the 3-month follow-up, the MRI showed hyperintensity in the left medulla oblongata and bilateral MCPs on T2-weighted and FLAIR images, suggesting HOD as well as MCPs degeneration. Conclusions It is of great importance for us to know the anatomic knowledge of dentate-rubro-olivary and corticopontocerebellar pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiangbin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhongbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yaoyao Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Fischer T, Stern C, Freund P, Schubert M, Sutter R. Wallerian degeneration in cervical spinal cord tracts is commonly seen in routine T2-weighted MRI after traumatic spinal cord injury and is associated with impairment in a retrospective study. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:2923-2932. [PMID: 33125565 PMCID: PMC8043949 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Wallerian degeneration (WD) is a well-known process after nerve injury. In this study, occurrence of remote intramedullary signal changes, consistent with WD, and its correlation with clinical and neurophysiological impairment were assessed after traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). Methods In 35 patients with tSCI, WD was evaluated by two radiologists on T2-weighted images of serial routine MRI examinations of the cervical spine. Dorsal column (DC), lateral corticospinal tract (CS), and lateral spinothalamic tract (ST) were the analyzed anatomical regions. Impairment scoring according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS, A–D) as well as a scoring system (0–4 points) for motor evoked potential (MEP) and sensory evoked potential (SEP) was included. Mann-Whitney U test was used to test for differences. Results WD in the DC occurred in 71.4% (n = 25), in the CS in 57.1% (n = 20), and in 37.1% (n = 13) in the ST. With WD present, AIS grades were worse for all tracts. DC: median AIS B vs D, p < 0.001; CS: B vs D, p = 0.016; and ST: B vs D, p = 0.015. More pathological MEP scores correlated with WD in the DC (median score 0 vs 3, p < 0.001) and in the CS (0 vs 2, p = 0.032). SEP scores were lower with WD in the DC only (1 vs 2, p = 0.031). Conclusions WD can be detected on T2-weighted scans in the majority of cervical spinal cord injury patients and should be considered as a direct effect of the trauma. When observed, it is associated with higher degree of impairment. Key Points • Wallerian degeneration is commonly seen in routine MRI after traumatic spinal cord injury. • Wallerian degeneration is visible in the anatomical regions of the dorsal column, the lateral corticospinal tract, and the lateral spinothalamic tract. • Presence of Wallerian degeneration is associated with higher degree of impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Fischer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Stern
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Freund
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schubert
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Sutter
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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Jiang J, Wang J, Lin M, Wang X, Zhao J, Shang X. Bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle lesions: Neuroimaging features and differential diagnoses. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01778. [PMID: 32755074 PMCID: PMC7559600 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lesions limited to the bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles (MCPs) are uncommon. This retrospective study investigated diseases with a proclivity for the bilateral MCPs and explored the associations between their neuroimaging features and clinical findings for the differential diagnosis of such lesions. METHODS We enrolled 26 patients who were admitted to our department between January 2016 and March 2019 with bilateral MCP abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging characteristics, and the biomarkers and diagnoses were evaluated. RESULTS Although all patients exhibited symmetrical bilateral MCP hypointensities on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintensities on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging, they were diagnosed with different conditions. Diagnoses included acute cerebral infarction (ACI) (n = 9, 34.62%), Wallerian degeneration (WD) (n = 8, 30.77%), multiple system atrophy (MSA) (n = 6, 23.08%), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (n = 1, 3.85%), heroin-induced leukoencephalopathy (n = 1, 3.85%), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (n = 1, 3.85%). Patients with ACI exhibited bilateral MCP-restricted diffusion hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted imaging and corresponding stenosis or occlusion of the vertebrobasilar system. The initial MRI of patients with WD depicted pontine infarctions, while symmetrical MCP lesions were observed on follow-up MRI. Symmetrical MCP lesions, cruciform hyperintensity, and marked atrophy in the posterior fossa were characteristic manifestations of MSA. Longitudinally extensive myelitis affecting more than three vertebral segments on cervical MRI and positive serum AQP4-IgG may be indicative of NMO. Heroin-induced leukoencephalopathy was characterized by extra-symmetrical lesions in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules, while the anterior limbs were spared. PCNSL was indicated by a significant and characteristic "fist" sign on contrast-enhanced MRI. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral MCP lesions were most frequently observed in cerebrovascular diseases, followed by neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, toxic encephalopathies, and lymphomas. Our findings demonstrate that bilateral MCP signal abnormalities are more common in patients with ACI and WD, with fewer degenerative processes than previously believed. The high frequency of WD may be attributed to the specific awareness of this pathology. WD can also present with stage-related restricted diffusion and should not be mistaken for a new infarction. The symmetrical bilateral MCP hypointensities on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintensities on T2-weighted imaging often raise concern regarding a demyelinating process. Our findings emphasize that neurologists should consider the aforementioned conditions and correlate the specific neuroimaging characteristics and medical history before arriving at the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meiqing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jinli Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiuli Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
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Reilly N, Prebor J, Moxey J, Schussler E. Chronic impairments of static postural stability associated with history of concussion. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2783-2793. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Mostafa M, Abdel Naseer M, Edward R, Edrees M, Labib DM. Can diffusion tensor imaging lesion patterns predict the outcome of ischemic stroke? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-020-00176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Stroke can affect any portion of the central nervous system leading to a wide variety of symptoms depending on the part that is involved. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an emerging neuroimaging technique that allows measuring the integrity of white matter tracts.
Objectives
The objective of this study is to find out if the diffusion tensor tractography technique can provide prognostic information regarding clinical outcome following ischemic stroke.
Subjects and methods
Forty patients with acute ischemic stroke were studied with DTI. Size of infraction, degree of reduction of fractional anisotropy (FA), and pattern of corticospinal tract (CST) affection were identified. We assessed our patients according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Medical Research Council (MRC) scale at onset of stroke and 3 months later.
Results
FA reduction was correlated with MRC and NIHSS on admission (P < 0.001, 0.004 respectively) and after 3 months (P < 0.001, 0.013 respectively). The pattern of CST affection was associated with NIHSS and MRC after 3 months (P = 0.035, 0.001 respectively).
Conclusion
DTI may be an indirect indicator of the ischemic stroke outcome.
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Kim JB, Moon J, Yu S. Anterograde and retrograde degeneration of corticospinal fibers after striatocapsular infarction. Acta Neurol Belg 2020; 120:743-744. [PMID: 30635770 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-019-01078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Bin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jusun Moon
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Yu
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Sakamoto M, Kouhei D, Haniffa M, Silva S, Troncoso M, Santander P, Schonstedt V, Stecher X, Okamoto N, Hamanaka K, Mizuguchi T, Mitsuhashi S, Miyake N, Matsumoto N. A novel ITPA variant causes epileptic encephalopathy with multiple-organ dysfunction. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:751-757. [PMID: 32405030 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism can cause epileptic encephalopathies. Biallelic loss-of-function variants in the ITPA gene, encoding inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase), have been reported in epileptic encephalopathies with lack of myelination of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, brainstem tracts, and tracts to the primary visual and motor cortices (MIM:616647). ITPase plays an important role in purine metabolism. In this study, we identified two novel homozygous ITPA variants, c.264-1 G > A and c.489-1 G > A, in two unrelated consanguineous families. The probands had epilepsy, microcephaly with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings (T2 hyperintensity signals in the pyramidal tracts of the internal capsule, delayed myelination, and thin corpus callosum), hypotonia, and developmental delay; both died in early infancy. Our report expands the knowledge of clinical consequences of biallelic ITPA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamune Sakamoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Den Kouhei
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Muzhirah Haniffa
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sebastián Silva
- Child Neurology Service, Hospital de Puerto Montt, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Mónica Troncoso
- Child Neurology Service, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Santander
- Child Neurology Service, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ximena Stecher
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Radiology, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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27
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Egorova N, Dhollander T, Khlif MS, Khan W, Werden E, Brodtmann A. Pervasive White Matter Fiber Degeneration in Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020; 51:1507-1513. [PMID: 32295506 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.028143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- We examined if ischemic stroke is associated with white matter degeneration predominantly confined to the ipsi-lesional tracts or with widespread bilateral axonal loss independent of lesion laterality. Methods- We applied a novel fixel-based analysis, sensitive to fiber tract-specific differences within a voxel, to assess axonal loss in stroke (N=104, 32 women) compared to control participants (N=40, 15 women) across the whole brain. We studied microstructural differences in fiber density and macrostructural (morphological) changes in fiber cross-section. Results- In participants with stroke, we observed significantly lower fiber density and cross-section in areas adjacent, or connected, to the lesions (eg, ipsi-lesional corticospinal tract). In addition, the changes extended beyond directly connected tracts, independent of the lesion laterality (eg, corpus callosum, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right superior longitudinal fasciculus). Conclusions- We conclude that ischemic stroke is associated with extensive neurodegeneration that significantly affects white matter integrity across the whole brain. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanisms of brain volume loss and delayed cognitive decline in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Egorova
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.).,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia (N.E., A.B.)
| | - Thijs Dhollander
- Developmental Imaging Research Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (T.D.)
| | - Mohamed Salah Khlif
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.)
| | - Wasim Khan
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.).,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom (W.K.)
| | - Emilio Werden
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.)
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.).,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia (N.E., A.B.)
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Moura LM, Luccas R, de Paiva JPQ, Amaro E, Leemans A, Leite CDC, Otaduy MCG, Conforto AB. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Biomarkers to Predict Motor Outcomes in Stroke: A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2019; 10:445. [PMID: 31156529 PMCID: PMC6530391 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Motor impairments occur in most of the patients with stroke in the acute phase and contribute substantially to disability. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) biomarkers such as fractional anisotropy (FA) measured at an early phase after stroke have emerged as potential predictors of motor recovery. In this narrative review, we: (1) review key concepts of diffusion MRI (dMRI); (2) present an overview of state-of-art methodological aspects of data collection, analysis and reporting; and (3) critically review challenges of DTI in stroke as well as results of studies that investigated the correlation between DTI metrics within the corticospinal tract and motor outcomes at different stages after stroke. We reviewed studies published between January, 2008 and December, 2018, that reported correlations between DTI metrics collected within the first 24 h (hyperacute), 2-7 days (acute), and >7-90 days (early subacute) after stroke. Nineteen studies were included. Our review shows that there is no consensus about gold standards for DTI data collection or processing. We found great methodological differences across studies that evaluated DTI metrics within the corticospinal tract. Despite heterogeneity in stroke lesions and analysis approaches, the majority of studies reported significant correlations between DTI biomarkers and motor impairments. It remains to be determined whether DTI results could enhance the predictive value of motor disability models based on clinical and neurophysiological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M. Moura
- Neurostimulation Laboratory, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas/São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Luccas
- Neurostimulation Laboratory, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas/São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Amaro
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Lim 44, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas/São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Leemans
- PROVIDI Lab, Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Claudia da C. Leite
- Lim 44, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas/São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. G. Otaduy
- Lim 44, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas/São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana B. Conforto
- Neurostimulation Laboratory, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas/São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shen Y, Jian W, Li J, Dai T, Bao B, Nie H. Bilateral wallerian degeneration of the middle cerebellar peduncles secondary to pontine infarction: A case series. J Neurol Sci 2018; 388:182-185. [PMID: 29627018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wallerian degeneration (WD) of middle cerebellar peduncles (MCPs) secondary to pontine infarction is rarely reported in the literature. Our aim in this study is to characterize its clinical and neuroradiological features. METHODS A retrospective review of 7 patients from a single institution was conducted. Only patients with pontine infarction and subsequent degeneration of the MCPs were included in the analysis. The features of clinical presentation and neuroimaging finding were summarized by our experienced neurologists. RESULTS Seven patients (5 male, 2 female), ranging in age from 50 to 77 years, satisfied the inclusion criteria. All patients had cardiovascular risk factors and hypertension was the most common one. Almost all of the patients had hemiparesis and dysarthria, and could achieved good clinical outcome. On the initial scan, hyperintense on T2- and diffusion-weighted images suggested the acute pontine infarction. On the follow-up scan, however, hyperintensities of bilateral MCPs on T2-weight and FLAIR images were apparently demonstrated in all patients. The specific lesions in the MCPs were attributed to bilateral WD of the pontocerebellar fibres secondary to pontine infarction. CONCLUSION WD should be taken into account when patients are initially diagnosed with paramedian pontine infarction and follow-up MRI manifest as symmetrical hyperintense in the MCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Shen
- Institute: Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Address: No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Wen Jian
- Institute: Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Xinyu City, Address: No.369 Xinxin North Rode, Yushui District, Xinyu 338000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute: Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Address: No.1 Mingde Rode, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tingmin Dai
- Institute: Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Address: No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bing Bao
- Institute: Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Address: No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongbing Nie
- Institute: Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Address: No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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30
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Zhang ZY, Liu ZQ, Qin W, Chen YW, Liu ZJ. Clinical and Radiological Features of Wallerian Degeneration of the Middle Cerebellar Peduncles Secondary to Pontine Infarction. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018. [PMID: 29521288 PMCID: PMC5865311 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.226890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wallerian degeneration (WD) of bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles (MCPs) can occur following pontine infarction, but its characteristics have not yet been clarified because of the low incidence. Thus, the present study discussed the clinical and radiological features to improve the awareness of this disease. Methods: Clinical and radiological information from consecutive individuals diagnosed with WD of bilateral MCPs following pontine infarction in three hospitals over the past 4 years between October 2012 and October 2016 were retrospectively investigated and compared with a control group (patients with pontine infarction had no secondary WD). Results: This study involved 30 patients with WD of MCPs, with a detection rate of only 4.9%. The primary infarctions (χ2 =24.791, P = 0.001, vs. control group) were located in the paramedian pons in 21 cases (70.0%), and ventrolateral pons in nine cases (30.0%). WD of the MCPs was detected 8–24 weeks after pons infarction using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); all secondary WDs were asymptomatic and detected incidentally. All WD lesions exhibited bilateral, symmetrical, and boundary blurring on MRI. The signal features were hypointense on T1-weighted imaging, hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and slightly hyperintense or isointense on diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Secondary brainstem atrophy was found in six (20.0%) cases. A Modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 was found in 10 (33.3%) cases and score >2 in 20 (66.7%) cases at 90 days after discharge, and the short-term prognosis was worse than that in control group (χ2 =12.814, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Despite the rarity of bilateral and symmetrical lesions of MCPs, secondary WD should be highly suspected if these lesions occur within 6 months after pontine infarction, particularly paramedian pons. Conventional MRI appears to be a relatively sensitive method for detecting WD of MCPs, which might affect the short-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zun-Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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31
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Grassi DC, Conceição DMD, Leite CDC, Andrade CS. Current contribution of diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of diffuse axonal injury. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2018; 76:189-199. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20180007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the number one cause of death and morbidity among young adults. Moreover, survivors are frequently left with functional disabilities during the most productive years of their lives. One main aspect of TBI pathology is diffuse axonal injury, which is increasingly recognized due to its presence in 40% to 50% of all cases that require hospital admission. Diffuse axonal injury is defined as widespread axonal damage and is characterized by complete axotomy and secondary reactions due to overall axonopathy. These changes can be seen in neuroimaging studies as hemorrhagic focal areas and diffuse edema. However, the diffuse axonal injury findings are frequently under-recognized in conventional neuroimaging studies. In such scenarios, diffuse tensor imaging (DTI) plays an important role because it provides further information on white matter integrity that is not obtained with standard magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Extensive reviews concerning the physics of DTI and its use in the context of TBI patients have been published, but these issues are still hazy for many allied-health professionals. Herein, we aim to review the current contribution of diverse state-of-the-art DTI analytical methods to the understanding of diffuse axonal injury pathophysiology and prognosis, to serve as a quick reference for those interested in planning new studies and who are involved in the care of TBI victims. For this purpose, a comprehensive search in Pubmed was performed using the following keywords: “traumatic brain injury”, “diffuse axonal injury”, and “diffusion tensor imaging”.
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