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Lin H, Wan M, Ye Y, Zheng G. Effects of Baduanjin exercise on the physical function of middle-aged and elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36747221 PMCID: PMC9901146 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chinese mind-body exercise-Baduanjin has received increasing attention for health promotion among middle-aged and older adults in China, but there is a lack of high-quality evidence on its effectiveness. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of Baduanjin on physical function in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Seven electronic databases were searched for articles published before 22 June 2021 with the keywords Baduanjin exercise combined with physical-function-related outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed in the included studies, and data were analyzed using Review Manager software V5.3. RESULTS Fifteen articles, including 14 randomized controlled trials, were included in this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that Baduanjin significantly improved muscle strength (grip strength: SMD = 0.63, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.04, p = 0.003), balance ability (timed up-and-go test score: MD = -2.21, 95% CI -3.91 to -0.51, p = 0.01; one-leg stand test score: MD = 3.75, 95% CI 1.96 to 5.55, p < 0.0001; Berg balance scale score: MD = 4.16, 95% CI 2.49 to 5.83, p < 0.00001; strengthening Romberg's test result: SMD = 1.02, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.86, p = 0.02); and cardiorespiratory fitness (diastolic blood pressure: MD = -3.62, 95% CI -3.95 to -3.30, p < 0.00001; resting heart rate: MD = -1.30, 95% CI -1.57 to -1.03, p < 0.00001; step test: MD = 4.25, 95% CI 0.76 to 7.74, p = 0.02). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Baduanjin exercise may be an effective intervention to improve physical function in the middle-aged and elderly population. However, more RCTs with larger sample sizes and more rigorous research designs are needed in the future to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Lin
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences. Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318 China ,grid.411504.50000 0004 1790 1622College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou, 350000 China
| | - Mingyue Wan
- grid.411504.50000 0004 1790 1622College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou, 350000 China
| | - Yu Ye
- grid.411504.50000 0004 1790 1622College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou, 350000 China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences. Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318 China
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Zhu PA, Lu QQ, Li ZL, Hu RL, Xu S, Brodersen L, Liu YX, Liu H, Bao X. Efficacy of Tai Chi on lower limb function of Parkinson's disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1096417. [PMID: 36819715 PMCID: PMC9929552 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1096417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the effect of Tai Chi (TC) on lower limb function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on the influence of TC on lower limb function in PD patients. Methods According to the PRISMA guidelines, seven databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. We assessed the quality of the studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and then extracted the characteristics of the included studies. The random effect model was adopted, and heterogeneity was measured by I 2 statistic. Results A total of 441 articles were screened, and 10 high-quality RCTs were with a total of 532 patients with PD met Our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that compared To control groups TC improved several outcomes. TC significantly improved motor function (SMD = -0.70; 95% CI = -0.95, -0.45; p < 0.001; I 2 = 35%), although The results were not statistically significant for The subgroup analysis of TC duration (SMD = -0.70; 95% CI = -0.95, -0.45; p = 0.88; I 2 = 0%;). TC significantly improved balance function (SMD = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.51, 1.27; p < 0.001; I 2 = 54%), functional walking capacity (SMD = -1.24; 95% CI = -2.40, -0.09; p = 0.04; I 2 = 95%), and gait velocity (SMD = 0.48; 95% CI = -0.02, 0.94; p = 0.04; I 2 = 78%), But Did Not improve endurance (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI = -0.12, 0.75; p = 0.16; I 2 = 0%), step length (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.34, 0.37; p = 0.94; I 2 = 29%), and cadence (SMD = 0.06; 95% CI = -0.25, 0.36; p = 0.70; I 2 = 0%). Conclusion TC has beneficial effects on motor function, balance function, functional walking ability, and gait velocity, but does not improve walking endurance, stride length, and cadence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-an Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Qi-qi Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhi-liang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Rong-liang Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Guangdong, Jiangmen, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaoguan Railway Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Lisa Brodersen
- Physical Therapy Program, Allen College, Waterloo, IA, United States
| | - Yuan-xin Liu
- College of Sports and Health Science, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yuan-xin Liu,
| | - Howe Liu
- Physical Therapy Program, Allen College, Waterloo, IA, United States,Howe Liu,
| | - Xiao Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shaoguan, China,Xiao Bao,
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Yan ZW, Yang Z, Yang J, Chen YF, Zhang XB, Song CL. Tai Chi for spatiotemporal gait features and dynamic balancing capacity in elderly female patients with non-specific low back pain: A six-week randomized controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:1311-1319. [PMID: 35599469 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-210247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) is a serious public health problem. Tai Chi is promising in reducing the risk of falls and alleviating symptoms in this population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Tai Chi on gait and dynamic balance in elderly women with NS-LBP. METHODS 20 women (age > 65 yr.) with NS-LBP were randomly assigned to a Tai Chi group (n= 10) or a control group (n= 10). The Tai Chi group practiced Tai Chi exercise 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Each session lasted 60 minutes. Pain, spatiotemporal gait features and dynamic balancing capacity were assessed at 0 and 6 weeks. RESULTS Compared to the control group at 6 weeks, the Tai Chi group had a significant decrease in VAS (p= 0.027) and stride width (p= 0.019), significant improvement in gait velocity, stride length (p< 0.001). Regarding dynamic balance capacity, the Tai Chi group had significant improvements in anterior (Left: p= 0.001; Right: p= 0.038), postero-lateral (Left: p< 0.001; Right: p= 0.038), and postero-medial (Left: p= 0.015; Right: p= 0.018). CONCLUSION 6-week Tai Chi can relieve pain and improve gait and dynamic balance in elderly women with NS-LBP, which suggests Tai Chi could be a promising rehabilitation intervention to reduce the risk of falls in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Yan
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, College of Human Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ya-Feng Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue-Bin Zhang
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, College of Human Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Liaoning, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Song
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, College of Human Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Liaoning, China
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Alkharji H, Gan QF, Foo CN. Concepts and Application of Tai Ji in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 51:2449-2457. [PMID: 36561259 PMCID: PMC9745417 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v51i11.11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of adult disability, and it decreases the health-related quality of life due to functional disability and poor functional recovery in stroke. Tai Ji has been recently introduced to overcome disabilities. This review aims to explain the effects of Tai Ji on functional recovery in stroke patients, linking it to current approaches, concepts and therapies such as Bobath and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. A compilation of recent literature on Tai Ji's use in stroke rehabilitation from Google scholar and PubMed Central (2018 to 2022). The benefits of Tai Ji in stroke functional recovery were studied and explained based on its similarity in concepts to current conventional stroke rehabilitation approaches. There were few randomized controlled trials on Tai Ji in functional recovery among stroke patients. However, all literature identified Tai Ji as beneficial in stroke rehabilitation. However, there was no literature on explaining the Tai Ji movement based on current conventional stroke rehabilitation approaches. Tai Ji carries similar theories to the current neurorehabilitation approach. Tai Ji can be modified and incorporated into stroke rehabilitation programs based on patients' needs to produce promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alkharji
- Quality and Accreditation Department, Al-Hamra Tower, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Quan Fu Gan
- Department of Pre-Clinical Science, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Chai Nien Foo
- Department of Population Medicine, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia,Corresponding Author:
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Li G, Huang P, Cui SS, Tan YY, He YC, Shen X, Jiang QY, Huang P, He GY, Li BY, Li YX, Xu J, Wang Z, Chen SD. Mechanisms of motor symptom improvement by long-term Tai Chi training in Parkinson’s disease patients. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:6. [PMID: 35125106 PMCID: PMC8819852 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tai Chi has been shown to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its long-term effects and the related mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term Tai Chi training on motor symptoms in PD and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Ninety-five early-stage PD patients were enrolled and randomly divided into Tai Chi (n = 32), brisk walking (n = 31) and no-exercise (n = 32) groups. At baseline, 6 months and 12 months during one-year intervention, all participants underwent motor symptom evaluation by Berg balance scale (BBS), Unified PD rating-scale (UPDRS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 3D gait analysis, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), plasma cytokine and metabolomics analysis, and blood Huntingtin interaction protein 2 (HIP2) mRNA level analysis. Longitudinal self-changes were calculated using repeated measures ANOVA. GEE (generalized estimating equations) was used to assess factors associated with the longitudinal data of rating scales. Switch rates were used for fMRI analysis. False discovery rate correction was used for multiple correction. Results Participants in the Tai Chi group had better performance in BBS, UPDRS, TUG and step width. Besides, Tai Chi was advantageous over brisk walking in improving BBS and step width. The improved BBS was correlated with enhanced visual network function and downregulation of interleukin-1β. The improvements in UPDRS were associated with enhanced default mode network function, decreased L-malic acid and 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and increased adenosine and HIP2 mRNA levels. In addition, arginine biosynthesis, urea cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle and beta oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids were also improved by Tai Chi training. Conclusions Long-term Tai Chi training improves motor function, especially gait and balance, in PD. The underlying mechanisms may include enhanced brain network function, reduced inflammation, improved amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter metabolism, and decreased vulnerability to dopaminergic degeneration. Trial registration This study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2000036036; Registration date: August 22, 2020). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-022-00280-7.
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Effects of Tai Chi on biomarkers and their implication to neurorehabilitation – a systemic review. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zou L, Xiao T, Cao C, Smith L, Imm K, Grabovac I, Waldhoer T, Zhang Y, Yeung A, Demurtas J, Veronese N, Ekelund U, Park Y, Yang L. Tai Chi for Chronic Illness Management: Synthesizing Current Evidence from Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Med 2021; 134:194-205.e12. [PMID: 32946848 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the existing evidence of Tai Chi as a mind-body exercise for chronic illness management. MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception until March 31, 2019, for meta-analyses of at least two RCTs that investigated health outcomes associated with Tai Chi intervention. Evidence of significant outcomes (P value < 0.05) was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. This review identified 45 meta-analyses of RCTs and calculated 142 summary estimates among adults living with 16 types of chronic illnesses. Statistically significant results (P value < 0.05) were identified for 81 of the 142 outcomes (57.0%), of which 45 estimates presenting 30 unique outcomes across 14 chronic illnesses were supported by high (n = 1) or moderate (n = 44) evidence. Moderate evidence suggests that Tai Chi intervention improved physical functions and disease-specific outcomes compared with nonactive controls and improved cardiorespiratory fitness compared with active controls among adults with diverse chronic illnesses. Between-study heterogeneity and publication bias were observed in some meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kellie Imm
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Waldhoer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yin Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Albert Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department, LHT South-East Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Yue C, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Herold F, Mei J, Kong Z, Perrey S, Liu J, Müller NG, Zhang Z, Tao Y, Kramer A, Becker B, Zou L. Regular Tai Chi Practice Is Associated With Improved Memory as Well as Structural and Functional Alterations of the Hippocampus in the Elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:586770. [PMID: 33192481 PMCID: PMC7658399 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.586770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed at comparing the effects of Tai Chi (a motor-cognitive exercise) with walking (an exercise without cognitive demands) on cognitive performance, brain structure, and brain function in the elderly. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 42 healthy elderly women within two groups: Tai Chi (n = 20; mean age = 62.90 ± 2.38 years) and brisk walking exercise (n = 22; mean age = 63.27 ± 3.58 years). All the participants underwent a cognitive assessment via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and brain structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) assessments. RESULTS Episodic memory in the Tai Chi group was superior to that of the walking group. Higher gray matter density in the inferior and medial temporal regions (including the hippocampus) and higher ReHo in temporal regions (specifically the fusiform gyrus and hippocampus) were found in the Tai Chi group. Significant partial correlations were found between the gray matter density of the left hippocampus and episodic memory in the whole sample. Significant partial correlations were observed between the ReHo in left hippocampus, left parahippocampal, left fusiform, and delayed memory task, which was observed among all subjects. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that long-term Tai Chi practice may improve memory performance via remodeling the structure and function of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Yue
- Department of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger, Germany
| | - Jian Mei
- Department of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jiao Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger, Germany
| | - Zonghao Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuliu Tao
- Department of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Arthur Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Yang Y, Chen T, Shao M, Yan S, Yue GH, Jiang C. Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Inhibitory Control in Elderly Women: An fNIRS Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 13:476. [PMID: 32038205 PMCID: PMC6988574 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibitory control is a sub-ability of executive function and plays an important role in the entire cognitive process. However, declines in inhibitory control during aging significantly impair the quality of life of elderly people. Investigating methods to delay the decline of inhibitory control has become a focal point in current research. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is one effective method used to delay cognitive declines in older adults. However, the specific effects of TCC on inhibitory control and the mechanisms through which TCC may improve cognition in older adults have not been comprehensively investigated. Objective The study explores possible neurological mechanisms related to the effects of TCC interventions on inhibitory control in older people using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique and reaction times (RTs). Methods A total of 26 healthy, elderly people who had not received TCC training completed all study procedures. The subjects were randomized to either the TCC group or the control group. Subjects in the TCC group were taught TCC by a certified instructor and trained for 8 weeks. The control group continued to perform general daily activities. The Flanker task was administered to every participant to evaluate inhibitory control pre- and post-intervention. While participants were performing the Flanker task, fNIRS data were collected. Results Post-intervention, significant differences for incongruent flankers were found only for the TCC intervention group. Faster RTs were observed for the incongruent flankers in the TCC group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Analysis of the fNIRS data revealed an increase in oxy-Hb in the prefrontal cortex during the incongruent flankers after the TCC exercise intervention. Conclusion The TCC intervention significantly improved inhibitory control in older adults, suggesting that TCC is an effective, suitable exercise for improving executive function and neurological health in elderly people. Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR1900028457.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Education, Beijing Dance Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Shoufu Yan
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Guang H Yue
- Center for Mobility and Rehabilitation Engineering, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States.,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Changhao Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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