Resilience in nurses in terms of perceived social support, job satisfaction and certain variables

A latent profile analysis of psychological resilience associated with work fatigue among Chinese nurses

Nurses' psychological resilience has been studied using a variable-centered rather than a person-centered approach, impeding a comprehensive understanding of the holistic expression of these different forms of psychological resilience. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of psychological resilience in a sample of Chinese nurses during COVID-19 using latent profile analysis (LPA) and the relationships between these unique profiles and nurses' work fatigue. A total of 471 Chinese nurses were recruited from three hospitals in Hebei Province between June and July 2020. The participant samples were investigated with the psychological resilience scale and the work fatigue inventory. LPA showed that a three-profile model of psychological resilience best fit this study. The resulting profiles were low psychological resilience, medium psychological resilience, and high psychological resilience. Notably, there were significant differences in nurses' work fatigue among different profiles of psychological resilience. The study provided a new view of nurses' psychological resilience, which may be used to effectively reduce nurses' work fatigue and evaluate nursing work status comprehensively.

Differences in resilience profiles between military veterans and the general population: An exploratory latent profile analysis using the HUNT-4 survey

Using latent profile analyses, the current work investigated levels of adverse childhood experiences, symptoms of anxiety and depression and 3 dimensions of relational promotive factors) to identify resilience profiles in a large general population sample (N = 161,622, mean age = 53.02; SD = 17.80; 56.1% females). We then used the same method to identify the resilience profiles of military veterans (N = 386, mean age = 43.47; SD = 10.08; 9.8% females), all of whom had served in Afghanistan. A four-profile-solution was the best fitting for the general population (High resilient 30%, Moderate resilient 13%, Low resilient 53%, Work/social-based resilience 4%), while a three-profile-solution had the best fit in the veteran cohort (Family-based resilience 28%, Work/social-based resilience 62%, Hardy loners 10%). To ground the identified profiles in occupational function, we also checked how they predicted reports of sleep difficulties, job demand and job control. Despite both samples inhabiting a geographic region known for high socioeconomic similarity among residents, we found marked differences in profile-solutions between the military veterans and the general population. Our findings suggests that resilience profiles are highly influenced by cohort characteristics and the specific resources needed to manage a given stressor load. Accordingly, the generalisability of specific protective factors may be low across distinct cohorts, and reliable findings need to be obtained in specific populations as defined by stressor context, sample characteristics, and relevant outcomes.

The Relationship Between Resilience and the Intention to Leave Among Staff Nurses at Governmental Hospitals in the Al-Baha Region of Saudi Arabia

Background Nurses with high intent to leave can cause substantial problems for healthcare organizations, such as staffing shortages and higher expenses due to hiring and onboarding new nurses. In light of the increasing demands placed on nurses in understaffed and overloaded healthcare systems, nurses frequently face various pressures and difficulties in their field of work, including high workloads, irregular hours, complicated patients, and infectious disease exposure; resilience is critical for handling stress and hardship at work. Nurses will thus retain their jobs for longer. This study aimed to determine the relationship between resilience and the intention to leave among staff nurses. Methods This study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional correlation design. It comprised three Saudi Ministry of Health-affiliated facilities in the Al-Baha region (King Fahad Hospital, Prince Mashari Hospital, and Mikhwah General Hospital). The study sample comprised nurses employed in critical areas and inpatient and outpatient hospital departments using convenience sampling and inclusion and exclusion criteria. An online questionnaire involving three sections was given out. The first part collected sociodemographic data, the second part included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC-25), and the third included the Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS). Results This study found a moderate degree of intention to leave and resilience. Most participants in the survey held a bachelor's degree (75.8%), and around 87.1% of the sample consisted of women. About half of the sample (57.2%) were married; 67.6% of the participants were not Saudi nationals; and regarding the number of children, the majority (53.8%) were childless. Overall, 318 nurses working in acute and outpatient departments and critical regions participated. According to the study, 73.3% of the participants reported a moderate intention to quit, whereas 50.9% had moderate resilience. Similarly, a significant negative relationship was found between nurses' intention to leave and resilience. Conclusions In the current study, resilience has a statistically significant negative relationship with the nurses' intention to leave. Hospital management must consider the amount of work and the excessive work schedule to reduce nurses' intentions to leave. One way to do this is by assigning tasks to employees, minimizing their workload through flexible work schedules and shorter duty hours, and fostering teamwork among coworkers by ensuring clear communication and cooperation. Interventions like orientation programs for new nurses, regular meetings, seminars, and training sessions can improve nurse resilience.

Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-10), the 8- and 10-item post-traumatic growth inventory-short form (PTGI-SF) scales

BACKGROUND

Given their clinical significance and impact on stress response and their potential malleability, resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG) should receive greater attention as relevant constructs in clinical and research practice in the Arab context. We aimed through the present study to test the psychometric properties of Arabic translations of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC-10), the 10-item and the 8-item Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) in a sample of Lebanese adults from the general population.

METHODS

Three hundred eighty-seven Arabic-speaking participants (mean age = 26.17; 58.4% females) responded to a self-report web-based questionnaire. The forward and backward translation method was applied with the approval of the original developers of the scales.

RESULTS

Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that fit of the one-factor model was acceptable, and all indices suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across gender for all the three scales. The CD-RISC-10, the 10-item and the 8-item PTGI-SF yielded a good internal consistency, with a McDonald's ω of .89, .95, and .93, respectively. Higher resilience and higher PTG were significantly and positively associated with greater cognitive reappraisal and lower emotion suppression, supporting convergent validity.

CONCLUSION

We preliminarily suggest that these Arabic instruments are appropriate for use in Lebanese community adults to assess different positive responses after life crises, identify people with lack or low levels of resilience and growth who might need intervention, and monitor their response to therapy. Further cross-cultural validations should seek to extend their use in broader Arabic-speaking populations and settings.

Personal strength use and job satisfaction in Chinese nurses: The mediating roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction and resilience

AIM

This study aimed to investigate the association of personal strength use with job satisfaction among Chinese nurses and to examine the mediating roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction and resilience in this association.

BACKGROUND

The topic of nurses' job satisfaction has been extensively studied worldwide because of its significant effects on nurse turnover, recruitment, and quality of care.

METHODS

A sample of 417 nurses completed a multi-section questionnaire that included established scales to measure personal strength use, basic psychological needs satisfaction, resilience, and job satisfaction.

RESULTS

The results revealed that personal strength use was positively linked to nurses' job satisfaction. Additionally, basic psychological needs satisfaction and resilience mediated the association of personal strength use with job satisfaction both independently and serially.

CONCLUSION

Personal strength use increases nurses' job satisfaction by satisfying their basic psychological needs and improving their resilience.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY

Creating a culture that supports the use of personal strengths among nurses is a promising strategy that hospital managers could consider to enhance nurses' job satisfaction. Furthermore, implementing programs and interventions to improve nurses' basic psychological needs satisfaction and resilience could further boost their job satisfaction.

Resilience and stress as predictors of work engagement: the mediating role of self-efficacy in nurses

Background

Nurses face high levels of stress and work demands, which can affect their work engagement and psychological well-being. Resilience and self-efficacy have been identified as important resources to improve nurses' adaptation and work engagement.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between resilience and stress on work engagement in Peruvian nurses.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was used, and data were collected from a sample of 459 nurses. Self-report questionnaires were administered to measure self-efficacy, resilience, stress, and work engagement. SEM analyses were performed to examine the relationship between these variables, and a mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of self-efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between resilience, stress, and work engagement.

Results

The results indicated a positive relationship between resilience, self-efficacy, and work engagement, as well as a negative relationship between stress and work engagement. Additionally, self-efficacy mediated the relationship between resilience and work engagement, as well as the relationship between stress and work engagement in nurses.

Conclusion

Personal resources such as self-efficacy are a key factor in the relationship between resilience (work resources), stress (work demands), and work engagement of Peruvian nurses. Strengthening self-efficacy and resilience can improve work engagement and personal satisfaction of nurses. Hospital administrators and nursing managers should consider the importance of resilience, stress, work engagement, and self-efficacy in registered nurses and develop effective strategies to improve them. This can have a positive impact on the quality of care provided to patients and on the job satisfaction of nurses.

The relationship between psychological resilience and professional quality of life among mental health nurses: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Mental health nursing is a demanding and stressful profession that impacts nurses' professional quality of life. Psychological resilience can be a protective factor. However, the relationship has not been extensively studied. This study aims to examine the relationship between psychological resilience and professional quality of life and identify potential predictors of ProQOL subscales among mental health nurses.

METHODS

The study employed a cross-sectional design to collect data from 179 mental health nurses. Data was collected using two standardized questionnaires: the Connor-Davidson resilience scale and the professional quality of life scale. Participants were recruited through convenient sampling during a 3-month period from April to June 2022, and the data were collected using an online survey tool called QuestionPro.

RESULTS

The study found a strong positive correlation between psychological resilience and compassion satisfaction (r = 0.632, P < 0.001). However, there was a negative significant correlation between resilience with burnout (r = -0.470, P < 0.001) and secondary traumatic stress (r = -0.210, P = 0.005). The study also found that higher resilience levels were associated with higher levels of compassion satisfaction and lower levels of secondary traumatic stress. Additionally, higher burnout scores were associated with higher levels of secondary traumatic stress. The study also identified that age and the number of children had weak associations with compassion satisfaction, while workplace was a significant predictor of burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

CONCLUSION

The study emphasizes the importance of resilience, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress in the well-being of healthcare professionals, especially nurses. The findings suggest that assessing nurses' resilience and professional quality of life can raise psychological resilience awareness and help managers create the necessary working conditions to improve nurses' professional quality of life.

The relationship between nurses' psychological resilience and job satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study in Iran

BACKGROUND

Job satisfaction and factors affecting them are among the most important social issues. Resilience has a moderating role in the relationship between stress and diseases, so it can affect a person's job satisfaction because it enables a person to deal with adverse conditions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses' psychological resilience and job satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak.

METHODS

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study (2022) used convenience sampling to select 300 nurses. The Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. The data were then analyzed with SPSS 22 and statistical methods (Independent t-test, Analysis of Variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Multiple linear regression).

RESULTS

The study results showed a positive and poor relationship between resilience, some of its dimensions (trust in individual instincts, tolerance of negative affect (p = 0.006), positive acceptance of change and secure relationships (p = 0.01), spiritual influences (p = 0.04)) and job satisfaction (p < 0.001). In other words, nurses' high level of resilience increased their job satisfaction and vice versa.

CONCLUSIONS

Enhancing the resilience of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic improved their job satisfaction and affected care provided by them. Nurse managers can control nurses' resilience and offer interventions that would strengthen it, especially at crises.

Work Experience of Chinese Male Nurses Based on the Job Demands-Resources Model: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim. This study aimed to quantitatively compare the effects of perceived social support, resilience, and task load on occupational burnout and flow at work in male nurses, as well as the complex relationships among these variables. Background. Male nurses play a vital role in the healthcare system. However, little is known about the key factors that may improve the work experience of male nurses. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2021. A convenience sample of 356 male nurses completed measures of general information, burnout, flow at work, perceived social support, resilience, and task load. Dominance analysis and network analysis were used to explore the associations between the variables studied. Results. Among the variables studied, perceived social support most strongly predicted burnout, while perceived social support and resilience had equal predictive weights in flow at work. The network analysis found that resilience was the bridge indicator with the strongest connections to other variables. Conclusion. The interventions focused on the perceived social support and resilience of male nurses could help improve their work experience. Implications for Nursing Management. Nursing administrators should give male nurses more support and understanding to reduce burnout at work. At the same time, administrators can conduct psychological lectures to improve male nurses’ resilience, thereby increasing their flow at work. Providing challenging tasks that match male nurses’ skills could also help improve their work experience.

Mediating effect of resilience between social support and compassion fatigue among intern nursing and midwifery students during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

AIMS

To examine the mediating effect of resilience between social support and compassion fatigue among intern nursing and midwifery students during COVID-19.

BACKGROUND

Compassion fatigue has become exceedingly common among intern nursing and midwifery students, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social support and resilience can help intern nursing and midwifery students control their negative emotions, reduce compassion fatigue, and increase their well-being. However, the mediating effect of resilience between social support and compassion fatigue remains unclear.

DESIGN

A multicentre cross-sectional survey.

METHODS

A total of 307 intern nursing and midwifery students were recruited from November 2020 to February 2021 in tertiary grade A hospitals in China. Structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the mediating effects of resilience between social support and compassion fatigue. The Social Support Rating Scale, the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Chinese version of the Compassion Fatigue Short Scale were used to collect data. The hypothetical path model was tested by using IBM SPSS version 26.0 and AMOS version 26.0 software.

RESULTS

Intern nursing and midwifery students had moderate compassion fatigue. Social support positively affected resilience (β = 0.514, p < 0.01). Social support negatively affected compassion fatigue (β = - 0.310, p < 0.01), while resilience negatively affected compassion fatigue (β = - 0.283, p < 0.01). Resilience played a mediating role between social support and compassion fatigue.

CONCLUSION

Social support can directly affect the compassion fatigue of intern nursing and midwifery students during COVID-19 and indirectly through resilience. Stronger resilience can reduce compassion fatigue. Accordingly, resilience-based interventions should be developed to reduce compassion fatigue.

An Explanatory Model of Work-family Conflict and Resilience as Predictors of Job Satisfaction in Nurses: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement and Communication Skills

BACKGROUND

The Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) model is used to examine predictors of well-being, work engagement, and individual or organizational outcomes. According to the model, work engagement and communication skills play a mediating role between work-family conflict and resilience to job satisfaction in nurses.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted considering 431 Peruvian nurses of mean age (M = 40.31 years; SD = 10.94) ranging from 22 to 68 years working in public hospitals in the Lima region. Data were collected using a self-reported form of the Job Satisfaction Scale, communication skills, work engagement, work-family conflict, and resilience. The theoretical model was evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM).

RESULTS

A theoretical model with adequate fit was obtained [χ²(2) = 6.0, P < .001, CFI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.068, SRMR = 0.015]. Results indicated an inverse relationship between work-family conflict with communication skills (β = -.24, P < .001) and work engagement (β = -.10, P = .003). Likewise, resilience had an influence on communication skills (β = .55, P < .001) and work engagement (β = .33, P < .001). In addition, the model explains 71% of job satisfaction. Also, the results indicate the influence of work-family conflict and resilience through the mediating role of work engagement and work-family conflict on job satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

The model confirmed that work engagement and communication skills are valid moderators to mitigate work-family conflict and strengthen resilience that favors job satisfaction in nurses.

The mediating role of resilience between perceived social support and sense of security in medical staff following the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic not only posed a serious threat to public life and health but also had a serious impact on people's mental health, especially that of medical staff. Perceived social support is an important factor in one's sense of security.

Objective

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the goal is to explore the potential mediating role of resilience in the relationship between perceived social support and the sense of security of Chinese medical personnel.

Methods

The multi-stage proportionally stratified convenience sampling method was adopted to select 4,076 medical professionals from 29 hospitals in Guangdong Province between September 2020 and October 2020. The Sense of Security Scale for Medical Staff, the Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale were employed in this study. For statistical analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), the SPSS 23.0 and Amos 24.0 software packages were used. Regression analysis was used to select the control variables to be included in the SEM. SEM analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between perceived social support and a sense of security.

Results

Pearson's correlation analysis showed that perceived social support and resilience were positively associated with a sense of security (correlation coefficients range from 0.350 to 0.607, P < 0.01), and perceived social support (correlation coefficients range from 0.398 to 0.589, P < 0.01) was positively associated with resilience. Structural equation modeling revealed that resilience played a partial mediating role in the association between perceived social support and a sense of security (60.3% of the effect of perceived social support on security was direct, and 39.7% of the effect was mediated by resilience).

Conclusions

Hospital managers should make efforts to develop resilience. Interventions based on resilience should be developed to enhance the perception of social support and strengthen one's sense of security.

Implementing a Resilience Bundle for Emergency Nurses: An Evidence-Based Practice Project

INTRODUCTION

Resilience bundles are designed to work within and enhance existing routines. In the wake of COVID-19, nurses are reporting high levels of burnout and are leaving the field at an alarming rate. Hospital system leaders across the country are working to develop wellness programs to improve nurse morale, decrease burnout, and enhance resilience. Resilience can help mitigate nurse burnout, and using a bundle of tools to help nurses develop resilience is more effective than a single strategy.

METHODS

Using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 and the Perceived Stress Scale 4, emergency nurses were surveyed to measure resilience and stress before and after implementation of a 3-strategy resilience bundle. We surveyed at baseline, phase 1 (6 weeks after implementation), and phase 2 (15 weeks after implementation).

RESULTS

A statistically significant increase in the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 scores was identified between the baseline and phase 1 surveys. A measurable decrease in the Perceived Stress Scale 4 was found between the baseline survey and the phase 1 and phase 2 postintervention surveys.

DISCUSSION

Although evidence suggests a multifocal approach to improving resilience, use of resilience bundles is new. To enhance nurse resilience and mitigate burnout, nurse leaders may consider resilience bundles to prioritize the mental health and wellness of their staff.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Psychological Resilience of Emergency Room Nurses Under Public Health Emergencies

Resilience is essential for frontline health workers to cope with the unfavorable situations, especially under public health emergencies. Emergency room (ER) nurses are a special cohort of health professionals that may present moderate level of resilience. This study aimed to identify factors that are correlated with resilience in this special cohort to provide directions for intervention and management. ER nurses that have encountered a public health emergency within 3 months were recruited using purposive sampling and snowball technique for the study. Questionnaires, including Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) were established, followed by an in-depth interview to identify different clusters of themes. Thirteen ER nurses were recruited, and the average CD-RISC score was 66 ± 21. Resilience was negatively correlated with SDS index, and positively correlated with personal accomplishment. Five clusters of themes were identified from in-depth interviews, including physical tolerability, psychological tolerability, tenacity of internal drive, institutional implementation, and external adjustment. This study identified factors associated with resilience in ER nurses under public health emergencies, providing useful information for future directions for intervention.

Relationship between nurses' resilience and depression, anxiety and stress during the 2021 COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan

AIM

The COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan had a significant impact on medical services. These changes posed a threat to nurses' mental health. Resilience may protect nurses from the psychological impact of COVID-19. This study aimed to understand nurses' resilience and its relationship with nurses' characteristics (life and work situations) and mental health (depression, anxiety and stress) during the outbreak.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

METHODS

This study surveyed the nurses at a hospital from 9 August 2021, to 20 August 2021. The content of the questionnaire included nurses' characteristics, resilience and mental health.

RESULTS

There was an association between higher resilience and lower mental health problems. We also found that some nurses' characteristics were positively correlated with mental health problems.

CONCLUSION

Some nurses' life and work situations predicted high levels of mental health problems during the pandemic. Additionally, higher levels of resilience were associated with lower levels of mental health problems.

Mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between perceived social support and burnout among Chinese palliative nurses

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To detect the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between perceived social support and burnout in Chinese palliative nurses.

BACKGROUND

Palliative nurses are a group that is vulnerable to burnout. Perceived social support may contribute to decreasing palliative nurses' burnout and facilitating their personal resilience, and resilience may be associated with lower levels of burnout. However, these relationships were unclear in the Chinese context.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional design.

METHODS

The STROBE guideline was performed to report this study. A mixed sampling method including convenience sampling and stratified sampling was used to recruit participants, and a total of 319 palliative nurses completed the Nursing Burnout Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale from May 2021 to September 2021. Influencing factors were primarily identified using independent-sample t tests and one-way ANOVA. Bootstrap method was used to detect the mediating effect of resilience.

RESULTS

The level of burnout in palliative nurses (23.4 ± 7.68) was higher than that of general nurses in China. Education level, health condition and monthly income were influencing factors of burnout. Resilience was detected as a mediator in the relationships between perceived social support and dimensions of burnout.

CONCLUSIONS

Chinese palliative nurses experience a relatively high level of burnout, which may be influenced by several sociodemographic variables. Resilience could mediate the effect of perceived social support on the dimensions of burnout. Problem-oriented and palliative-tailored strategies should be developed to further address burnout in Chinese palliative nurses.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Nurse managers and policy makers should support nurse ongoing education, adopt health-promoting interventions and optimise salary systems. In addition, perceived social support resources and resilience training programmes are also warranted.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

All participants were invited to complete the informed consent form and paper questionnaires. Human resource managers helped us collect some subjective data through the personnel management system. Nurse managers of palliative units conducted regular staff meetings to promote the data collection process.

Burnout, stress and resilience of an Australian regional hospital during COVID-19: a longitudinal study

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed huge strain on hospital staff around the world. The aim of the current longitudinal study was to investigate the resilience, stress and burnout of hospital staff located at a large, regional hospital in Victoria, Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic over time via cross-sectional surveys. The surveys were disseminated six times from August 2020 to March 2021, with the first three data collection points distributed during a state-wide lockdown. A total of 558 responses from various professional roles within the hospital over the survey period were included in the sample. Analysis of variance indicated significant main effects for the psychological variables across time, age, and workload. Hospital staff reported an increase in burnout levels throughout the eight-months. Significant negative relationships were observed between resilience and burnout, and between resilience and stress. A backward regression highlighted the contribution of resilience, stress, age, and nursing roles on burnout. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that resilience contributed to the stress-burnout relationship. This study strengthens the evidence between resilience and burnout among healthcare workers and hospital staff and highlights the need for psychological wellbeing programs to be implemented for hospital staff impacted by a prolonged worldwide pandemic.

Resilience and job satisfaction among out-of-hospital emergency medical service professionals: A cross-sectional multi-centric study

AIM

We aim to describe the relationship between job satisfaction and compare levels of resilience among out-of-hospital emergency medical service professionals.

BACKGROUND

The study of the impact of the working environment on health professionals has raised great interest. Job-related variables and resilience can be a protective factor against stressful and demanding events at work.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey comprising sociodemographic and job-related variables was conducted among 406 workers (doctors, nurses, psychologists, and ambulance technicians) from the out-of-hospital emergency medical system in Spain. Resilience was self-reported using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.

RESULTS

Nursing professionals were less resilient compared with ambulance technicians (score difference 1.709, p = .008). As age increased, resilience was lower (r = -.118). Professionals with higher resilience scores were more satisfied in their work (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11), and professionals with higher psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed greater job satisfaction (OR = 5.47, 95% CI: 2.55-11.73).

CONCLUSION

There was a positive association between resilience, job satisfaction and collaborative work. Professionals with greater psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed higher levels of job satisfaction.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

Managers can use these results to influence the work environment to enhance job satisfaction and hence improve the resilience of the out-of-hospital emergency health care professionals.

“Everything Is Changing, but I Am Not Alone”: Nurses’ Perceptions of Social Support during COVID-19

COVID-19 has created numerous stressors for nurses, which have impacted their work, self-efficacy, and wellness. Social support helps manage stress and burnout. Through 24 semi-structured interviews, the current article explores the perspectives of nurses who worked with COVID-19 patients in the initial days of the pandemic in the United States. This study unpacks the types and sources of social support nurses sought during this time, especially as they faced significant burnout. Through thematic analysis, the current study found that these nurses interacted with the crisis situation to evaluate their social support needs and the plausibility of fulfilling these needs. They focused on the support that was available or at least perceived to be available and let go of certain needs that could not plausibly be addressed in that moment. Peer-to-peer support was critical during this process, and nurses avoided sharing concerns with their families as they enacted protective buffering. The findings also highlight the complex and dynamic nature of social support as nurses interact with their peers and evaluate the support they receive. Peers helped with haptic support like providing hugs to coworkers, and at times even became surrogates for coworkers’ family members as they participated in communal coping. Organizational support was critical for sharing information centrally with nurses and for organizational sustainability.

Cultivating joy: Improving nurse resilience through use of a practice playbook

PURPOSE/AIMS

The purpose of this study was to determine whether resiliency activities, compiled into a practice playbook designed for implementation by nurse leaders and self-initiation by clinical nurses, improves resilience in both the nurse leaders and direct care nurses who implement them.

BACKGROUND

Evidence indicates strengthening nurse resilience increases well-being, protects against burnout, improves retention and increases patient safety.

METHODS

A resilience playbook was assembled to include stress-reduction activities. Resilience was measured at baseline and after two phases during which participants engaged in leader-led and self-initiated activities. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to measure resilience.

RESULTS

A total of 118 nurses completed both phases; 17 leaders and 101 clinical nurses. A significant increase in mean CD-RISC scores was detected among those who participated in self-initiated activities (p = 0.01). Initiating or participating in leader-led activities did not positively impact resilience scores. Further, clinical nurses who participated in leader-led activities were not more likely to participate in self-initiated activities.

CONCLUSIONS

This study supports self-initiated resilience-strengthening activities as beneficial to nurses, but not leader-led initiatives. These results are especially important for nursing leaders as they strive to reduce burnout, improve nurse retention and achieve exceptional practice quality.

Social Support Affect Nurses’ Job Satisfaction: A Literature Review

BACKGROUND: Social support is an important predictor in improving job satisfaction. Nursing work satisfaction, in general, has a direct relationship with the positive impact on the quality of nursing services. Nurses who have good job satisfaction will produce good and optimal work performance that can create patient satisfaction. Results survey expressed the nurse lacks good support and the satisfaction of the felt work of the nurse is at a low level. AIM: This study aims to review the nursing works of literature about relation to social support and identify the factors that may impact on job satisfaction among nurses. METHODS: This literature uses inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles obtained, reviewed, and obtained from databases, namely, Google Scholar (2015–2020), PubMed (2015–2020), and Wiley Online Library (2015–2020). The search strategy with terms used in English is as follows: Social support and nurses’ and job satisfaction. The year the literary source is taken from 2015 until 2020. Search strategy with the keyword “social support and nurse or job satisfaction,” and in Bahasa Indonesia “dukungan sosial dengan kepuasan kerja perawat.” This is to make sure all the articles obtained are relevant and appropriate, then the full text is downloaded and saved. RESULTS: Initial identification of titles and abstracts is PubMed obtained 418,738 articles, at Wiley Online Library acquired 34,229 whereas on Google Scholar acquired 4400 articles so total obtained 457,367 articles. Review Literature results from 10 articles stating that social support is significantly and positively influential with nursing work satisfaction, social support to moderate work satisfaction against psychological pressure, as well as social support and job satisfaction affecting the desire of nurses to not abandon their work (turnover). CONCLUSION: Social support can affect the jobs satisfaction of nurses, unresolved dissatisfaction can reduce the quality of nursing services and will have an impact on increasing the mortality rate.

The Mediating Effects of Nursing Professional Commitment on the Relationship between Social Support, Resilience, and Intention to Stay among Newly Graduated Male Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey

The current shortage of nurses is an important global issue. Most male nurses leave nursing within four years of starting their nursing career. It is crucial to understand the influencing factors on newly graduated male nurses staying in nursing. Previous studies on intentions to stay as nurses were seldom based on theory and failed to consider the differences between genders. Based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this study tested the model that social support, resilience, and nursing professional commitment influence the intention to stay and the mediating effect of nursing professional commitment in the above relationship. This cross-sectional study adopted purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected using online questionnaire, and 272 newly graduated male nurses completed it. The hypothetical model had a good fit with the data. Nursing professional commitment had a complete mediating effect between social support and intention to stay and between resilience and intention to stay. Nursing professional commitment was highly positively correlated to intention to stay. It is suggested that future research and practice should enhance male nurses’ professional commitment to increase their intention to stay. The findings can serve as reference for developing newly graduated male nurse retention programs.

Relationship between the social support and psychological resilience levels perceived by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study from Turkey

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the social support and psychological resilience levels perceived by nurses in Turkey during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

DESIGN AND METHODS

The study was descriptive and cross-sectional.

FINDINGS

The level of social support perceived by the nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was very good, and the perceived psychological resilience level was moderately good. Moreover, their psychological resilience was found to increase as the social support perceived by them increased.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

Psychiatric nurses should determine the social support resources of nurses, especially during the epidemic period. Individual and institutional studies should be conducted to increase nurses' psychological resilience.

Influencing Factors of Acute Stress Disorder Among Frontline Nurses in Wuhan, China

The current study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of acute stress disorder (ASD) in frontline nurses delivering care in a hospital for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. In this cross-sectional study, 298 frontline nurses were surveyed during the first month of direct care delivery for patients with COVID-19 via the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Through logistic regression analysis, we identified the influencing factors of ASD. Our results showed that 13.8% of participants had ASD; frontline nurses were affected by ASD symptoms in different degrees; higher perceived social support from friends and colleagues were the major protective factors of ASD; and a negative coping style was a risk factor for ASD. Psychological crisis management interventions aimed at frontline nurses may be essential to prevent ASD during public health crisis events. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(9), 38-47.].

The moderating effect of spiritual beliefs on job dissatisfaction related to the futile care

Introduction

This study aimed to assess the experience of providing futile care among intensive care unit nurses and to examine the moderating effect of spiritual beliefs on job dissatisfaction related to the sense of futile care among nurses in Intensive Care Units.

Materials and methods

The study had two phases. The first phase was a qualitative study. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted. In the second phase, we employed a cross-sectional design. The data from 236 nurses were collected using nurses’ perceptions of futile care questionnaire, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale.

Results

The main theme of the qualitative phase was a feeling of self as a useful tool in God’s hand. Sub-themes were providing care while knowing it is futile, not knowing the patient destiny, having hope for care to be fruitful, experiences patient recovery, acting to be a part of God’s plan. Futile care and job experience were two predictors of low job satisfaction. Spiritual well-being had a moderating effect and increased job satisfaction.

Conclusions

Futile care can decrease job satisfaction, while spiritual well-being can reduce its negative effect. Supporting spiritual aspects of nursing care can decrease turn-over intention among nurses.

Psychometric Properties of the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale - Spanish Version

In recent years, a new factor for work stress has been studied along with stress as an offense to self-theory. Illegitimate tasks refer to assignments that are unnecessary or are not related to the employee’s role. Because of this, the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale was developed, which measures illegitimate tasks in terms of unreasonable tasks and unnecessary tasks. There are no studies in Latin America on illegitimate tasks, so the purpose of this research is to translate and validate the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale. The study was performed with a sample of nursing staff from a hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Written informed consent was obtained from each of the participants. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated and its structural validity was verified by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of the whole scale, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.857. Moreover, the unnecessary and unreasonable subscales measure were 0.846 and 0.841, respectively. The exploratory factor analysis supported a two-factor model that explained 73.96% of the variance. Additionally, the confirmatory factor analysis showed good indexes of fit (GFI = 0.915, CFI = 0.955, TLI = 0.933, SRMR = 0.084, and RMSEA = 0.087). The Spanish version of the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale presents good psychometric properties and can be applied to nurses in the Ecuadorian population.

Effort-Reward Imbalance, Resilience and Perceived Organizational Support: A Moderated Mediation Model of Fatigue in Chinese Nurses

PURPOSE

Fatigue undermines nurses' well-being and work performance worldwide. Work stress is a critical factor that causes nurses' fatigue, but the solutions are not well known. This study aimed to identify the moderated mediation model of fatigue involving effort-reward imbalance (ERI), resilience and perceived organizational support (POS) in Chinese nurses.

METHODS

In a cross-sectional investigation conducted in Liaoning Province of China, 996 nurses completed the self-administered measurements of fatigue, ERI, resilience and POS. Moderated mediation was tested using the PROCESS procedure. The "pick-a-point" method was adopted to assess conditional effect on fatigue.

RESULTS

The indirect effect of ERI on fatigue through resilience was significant (a×b = 0.119, BCa 95% CI: 0.094 to 0.146), indicating a partial mediation of resilience. POS moderated the association of resilience with fatigue (β = -0.056, p = 0.006). The higher the level of POS was, the stronger the resilience-fatigue association became. Thus, the mediating role of resilience in the ERI-fatigue association was gradually increased with the increase of POS level (low POS: 0.073; moderate POS: 0.095; high POS: 0.116).

CONCLUSION

Resilience could partially mediate the ERI-fatigue association. POS could act as a moderator that enhanced the association of resilience with fatigue. A moderated mediation model of fatigue was demonstrated in Chinese nurses. Managers should establish a balanced social reciprocity, and improve nurses' resilience and POS in order to decrease nurses' fatigue.

The Effect of Subjective Perception of Work in Relation to Occupational and Demographic Factors on the Mental Health of Polish Nurses

Introduction: Nursing is considered one of the most stressful professions in the world. The high emotional burden associated with excessive workload in qualitative and quantitative terms, exposure to existing and emerging infectious diseases, daily confrontation with the suffering of individuals and their families and low social support leads to the development of numerous stress reactions among nurses, resulting in the development of anxiety, insomnia, social dysfunction and depression. Indeed, somatic and mental stress-related disease rates are higher among nurses than in the general population. Aim: To determine the impact of subjective work characteristics on the mental health of nurses in relation to demographic and occupational factors. Material and method: The research was carried out among 558 nurses working in hospitals in Podlaskie Voivodeship, and used the Subjective Work Evaluation Questionnaire (SWEQ) and Goldberg's GHQ-28 Questionnaire. Results: As measured by SWEQ, and as self-assessed by means of the GHQ-28 questionnaire, overall stress negatively affects the nurses' health (R ² = 18.7%). Among the partial measures of the SWEQ questionnaire, work overload had strong and the lack of rewards, social relations and lack of support had weak negative effect on the overall mental health assessment of nurses (R ² = 19.2%). The responsibility measure was an exception that had a positive impact on the nurses' well-being. Among occupational and demographic factors, only higher education in relation to secondary education in interactions with the overall stress measure and unpleasant work conditions had a positive effect on the overall mental health self-assessment of nurses (R ² = 20.7%). Conclusions: The results of our study provide a clear message to the hospital management that improving the work organization and atmosphere of nurses by reducing perceived work overload and increasing the responsibility of nurses can have a positive impact on their mental health. Encouraging nurses to improve their education can result not only in an obvious improvement in staff qualifications, but also in better resistance to stressors in the workplace and, consequently, in better staff well-being. Both measures can have a positive impact on the quality of care provided by nurses and on reducing staff turnover.

Factors influencing well-being in clinical nurses: A path analysis using a multi-mediation model

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To test a hypothetical path model estimating the influence of resilience and gratitude disposition on well-being in Korean clinical nurses and to verify the mediating effects of burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction using a multi-mediation model.

BACKGROUND

To improve the well-being of nurses, it is necessary to consider their personal and work-related characteristics comprehensively.

DESIGN

A descriptive cross-sectional design was used.

METHODS

A total of 310 clinical nurses participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A path analysis using a multi-mediation model was performed using AMOS 23.0 to test the hypothetical path model. This study adhered to the STROBE guideline.

RESULTS

The model's fit indices were adequate. Resilience and gratitude disposition both had significant direct effects on well-being. Resilience and gratitude disposition had significant indirect effects on well-being through the effect of burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction. Resilience, gratitude disposition, burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction explained 68.3% of the total variance of well-being.

CONCLUSIONS

Intervention programmes considering these factors may be useful to improve nurses' well-being.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Nurses' well-being should be assessed along with resilience, gratitude disposition, burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction. To improve the well-being of clinical nurses, systematic and integrated intervention programmes need to be developed and applied, with consideration for a variety of factors related to well-being.

Work stress, perceived social support, self-efficacy and burnout among Chinese registered nurses

AIMS

To establish a model and identify structural relationships between Chinese nurses' perceived social support, self-efficacy, work stress and burnout.

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of burnout among nurses tends to be high worldwide. A better understanding of relationships between the study variables can help hospital managers apply effective programmes to reduce burnout. However, no studies have identified the structural relationships between these variables in one model, simultaneously.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional survey to complete questionnaires from 444 nurses working in three Chinese general tertiary hospitals. The proposed model was examined by structural equation modelling.

RESULTS

The proposed model was partially supported by empirical data. The total effect of work stress on burnout was large. Both work stress and the perceived social support moderately and directly affected burnout. Work stress also indirectly affected burnout through perceived social support. Work stress directly influenced perceived social support and self-efficacy. Perceived social support directly affected self-efficacy. However, self-efficacy did not directly influence burnout.

CONCLUSIONS

This study validated a model and identified a deep understanding of structural relationships between the selected variables among Chinese nurses.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

Apart from reducing work stressors, hospital managers should utilize more social support strategies when designing intervention programmes to reduce burnout.