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Yamaguchi D, Takeuchi K, Ueno A, Yamaguchi M, Murakami H, Kimoto S. Gene Expression in Early Stages of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Exposure on Bone Marrow Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Gerodontology and Home Care Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Kazuo Takeuchi
- Department of Gerodontology and Home Care Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Atsuko Ueno
- Department of Gerodontology and Home Care Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | | | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Department of Gerodontology and Home Care Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Suguru Kimoto
- Department of Gerodontology and Home Care Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Blanc-Sylvestre N, Bouchard P, Chaussain C, Bardet C. Pre-Clinical Models in Implant Dentistry: Past, Present, Future. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1538. [PMID: 34829765 PMCID: PMC8615291 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research seeks to generate experimental results for translation to clinical settings. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must draw justifiable conclusions based on data from an appropriate model. Animal testing, as a prerequisite to human clinical exposure, is performed in a range of species, from laboratory mice to larger animals (such as dogs or non-human primates). Minipigs appear to be the animal of choice for studying bone surgery around intraoral dental implants. Dog models, well-known in the field of dental implant research, tend now to be used for studies conducted under compromised oral conditions (biofilm). Regarding small animal models, research studies mostly use rodents, with interest in rabbit models declining. Mouse models remain a reference for genetic studies. On the other hand, over the last decade, scientific advances and government guidelines have led to the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of all animal models in dental implant research. In new development strategies, some in vivo experiments are being progressively replaced by in vitro or biomaterial approaches. In this review, we summarize the key information on the animal models currently available for dental implant research and highlight (i) the pros and cons of each type, (ii) new levels of decisional procedures regarding study objectives, and (iii) the outlook for animal research, discussing possible non-animal options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blanc-Sylvestre
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital, European Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implantology, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital, European Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implantology, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, GHN-Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Claire Bardet
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
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Nakada H, Watanabe T, Takahashi T, Sato H, Isaji D, Sato K, Kimoto S, Mijares DQ, Zhang Y, Kawai Y. Coating Dental Implants with Synthetic Bone Mineral for Early New Bone Formation in Vivo. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.30.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakada
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Geriatric Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takehiro Watanabe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Geriatric Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takahiro Takahashi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Geriatric Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Geriatric Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Daisuke Isaji
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Geriatric Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Kanami Sato
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Geriatric Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Suguru Kimoto
- Department of Gerodontology and Home Care Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Dindo Q. Mijares
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Yasuhiko Kawai
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Geriatric Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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Nastri L, Moretti A, Migliaccio S, Paoletta M, Annunziata M, Liguori S, Toro G, Bianco M, Cecoro G, Guida L, Iolascon G. Do Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals Have Effects on Dental Implant Osseointegration? A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E268. [PMID: 31968626 PMCID: PMC7019951 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several factors affect dental implant osseointegration, including surgical issues, bone quality and quantity, and host-related factors, such as patients' nutritional status. Many micronutrients might play a key role in dental implant osseointegration by influencing some alveolar bone parameters, such as healing of the alveolus after tooth extraction. This scoping review aims to summarize the role of dietary supplements in optimizing osseointegration after implant insertion surgery. A technical expert panel (TEP) of 11 medical specialists with expertise in oral surgery, bone metabolism, nutrition, and orthopedic surgery performed the review following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) model. The TEP identified micronutrients from the "European Union (EU) Register of nutrition and health claims made on foods" that have a relationship with bone and tooth health, and planned a PubMed search, selecting micronutrients previously identified as MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and adding to each of them the words "dental implants" and "osseointegration". The TEP identified 19 studies concerning vitamin D, magnesium, resveratrol, vitamin C, a mixture of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D, and synthetic bone mineral. However, several micronutrients are non-authorized by the "EU Register on nutrition and health claims" for improving bone and/or tooth health. Our scoping review suggests a limited role of nutraceuticals in promoting osseointegration of dental implants, although, in some cases, such as for vitamin D deficiency, there is a clear link among their deficit, reduced osseointegration, and early implant failure, thus requiring an adequate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Nastri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit Endocrinology, University Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Marco Annunziata
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Massimiliano Bianco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Gennaro Cecoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Luigi Guida
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.); (M.A.); (S.L.); (G.T.); (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (G.I.)
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Kwon TK, Choi JY, Park JI, Yeo ISL. A Clue to the Existence of Bonding between Bone and Implant Surface: An In Vivo Study. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071187. [PMID: 30978949 PMCID: PMC6480270 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the shear bond strength of bone–implant contact, or osseointegration, in the rabbit tibia model, and compared the strength between grades 2 and 4 of commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti). A total of 13 grades 2 and 4 cp-Ti implants were used, which had an identical cylinder shape and surface topography. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and confocal laser microscopy were used for surface analysis. Four grades 2 and 4 cp-Ti implants were inserted into the rabbit tibiae with complete randomization. After six weeks of healing, the experimental animals were sacrificed and the implants were removed en bloc with the surrounding bone. The bone–implant interfaces were three-dimensionally imaged with micro-computed tomography. Using these images, the bone–implant contact area was measured. Counterclockwise rotation force was applied to the implants for the measurement of removal torque values. Shear bond strength was calculated from the measured bone–implant contact and removal torque data. The t-tests were used to compare the outcome measures between the groups, and statistical significance was evaluated at the 0.05 level. Surface analysis showed that grades 2 and 4 cp-Ti implants have similar topographic features. We found no significant difference in the three-dimensional bone–implant contact area between these two implants. However, grade 2 cp-Ti implants had a higher shear bond strength than grade 4 cp-Ti implants (p = 0.032). The surfaces of the grade 2 cp-Ti implants were similar to those of the grade 4 implants in terms of physical characteristics and the quantitative amount of attachment to the bone, whereas the grade 2 surfaces were stronger than the grade 4 surfaces in the bone–surface interaction, indicating osseointegration quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek-Ka Kwon
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, St. Catholic Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Korea.
| | - Jung-Yoo Choi
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Sato H, Watanabe T, Takahashi T, Isaji D, Nakada H, Kobayasshi R, Tanimoto Y, Kimoto S, Kawai Y. Effect of a Dietary Supplement on Peri-Implant Bone Strength in a Rat Model of Machined Surface Implants. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Removable Prosthodontics
| | - Takehiro Watanabe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takahiro Takahashi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Daisuke Isaji
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Removable Prosthodontics
| | - Hiroshi Nakada
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Ryouki Kobayasshi
- Department of Oral Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Yasuhiro Tanimoto
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Suguru Kimoto
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Yasuhiko Kawai
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo
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Sadegh AAM, Rezvaneh G, Shahroo EM, Mojgan A, Azam K, Shahram R, Reza SA, Nafiseh M. Effect of supplementary zinc on orthodontic tooth movement in a rat model. Dental Press J Orthod 2016; 21:45-50. [PMID: 27275614 PMCID: PMC4896281 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.2.045-050.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are responsible for regulating bone homeostasis during which the trace element zinc has been shown to exert a cumulative effect on bone mass by stimulating osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 44 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 11 animals each and received 0, 1.5, 20 and 50 ppm Zn in distilled water for 60 days. In the last 21 days of the study, nickel-titanium closed coil springs were ligated between maxillary right incisors and first molars of all rats, and tooth movement was measured at the end of this period. Histological analysis of hematoxylin/eosin slides was performed to assess root resorption lacunae, osteoclast number and periodontal ligament (PDL) width. RESULTS Mean OTM was calculated as 51.8, 49.1, 35.5 and 45 µm in the 0, 1.5, 20 and 50 ppm zinc-receiving groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in neither OTM nor histological parameters among the study groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION According to the results obtained in the current investigation, increase in supplementary zinc up to 50 ppm does not affect the rate of OTM neither bone and root resorption in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghazanfari Rezvaneh
- Postgraduate student, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Prosthodontic Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Etemad-Moghadam Shahroo
- Associate Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental
Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alaeddini Mojgan
- Associate Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental
Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khorshidian Azam
- Dentist, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental Research center,
Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabbani Shahram
- Head of Experimental Research Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamshiri Ahmad Reza
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Caries
Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Momeni Nafiseh
- Dentist, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental Research center,
Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Takahashi T, Watanabe T, Nakada H, Tanimoto Y, Kimoto S, Mijares DQ, Zhang Y, Kawai Y. Effect of a dietary supplement on peri-implant bone strength in a rat model of osteoporosis. J Prosthodont Res 2016; 60:131-7. [PMID: 26787534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoporosis contributes to impaired bone regeneration and remodeling through an imbalance of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity, and can delay peri-implant bone formation after dental implant surgery, resulting in a prolonged treatment period. It poses several difficulties for individuals with large edentulous areas, and decreases their quality of life. Consequently, prompt postoperative placement of the final prosthesis is very important clinically. Peri-implant bone formation may be enhanced by systemic approaches, such as the use of osteoporosis supplements, to promote bone metabolism. We aimed to confirm whether intake of synthetic bone mineral (SBM), a supplement developed for osteoporosis, could effectively accelerate peri-implant bone formation in a rat model of osteoporosis. METHODS Thirty-six 7-week-old ovariectomized female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive a standardized diet with or without SBM (Diet with SBM group and Diet without SBM group, respectively; n=18 for both). The rats underwent implant surgery at 9 weeks of age under general anesthesia. The main outcome measures, bone mineral density (BMD) and pull-out strength of the implant from the femur, were compared at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Pull-out strength and BMD in the Diet with SBM group were significantly greater than those in the Diet without SBM group at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that SBM could be effective in accelerating peri-implant bone formation in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takahashi
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Removable Prosthodontics, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Watanabe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakada
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanimoto
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Suguru Kimoto
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Dindo Q Mijares
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials & Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Kawai
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
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Takahashi T, Watanabe T, Nakada H, Sato H, Tanimoto Y, Sakae T, Kimoto S, Mijares D, Zhang Y, Kawai Y. Improved Bone Micro Architecture Healing Time after Implant Surgery in an Ovariectomized Rat. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2016; 25:257-262. [PMID: 28133434 PMCID: PMC5267561 DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.25.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present animal study investigated whether oral intake of synthetic bone mineral (SBM) improves peri-implant bone formation and bone micro architecture (BMA). SBM was used as an intervention experimental diet and AIN-93M was used as a control. The SBM was prepared by mixing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O) and magnesium and zinc chlorides (MgCl2 and ZnCl2, respectively), and hydrolyzed in double-distilled water containing dissolved potassium carbonate and sodium fluoride. All rats were randomly allocated into one of two groups: a control group was fed without SBM (n = 18) or an experimental group was fed with SBM (n = 18), at seven weeks old. At 9 weeks old, all rats underwent implant surgery on their femurs under general anesthesia. The implant was inserted into the insertion socket prepared at rats' femur to a depth of 2.5 mm by using a drill at 500 rpm. Nine rats in each group were randomly selected and euthanized at 2 weeks after implantation. The remaining nine rats in each group continued their diets, and were euthanized in the same manner at 4 weeks after implantation. The femur, including the implant, was removed from the body and implant was pulled out by an Instron universal testing machine. After the implant removal, BMA was evaluated by bone surface ratio (BS/BV), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular number (TbN), trabecular star volume (Vtr), and micro-CT images. BS/BV, BV/TV, TbTh and Vtr were significantly greater in the rats were fed with SBM than those were fed without SBM at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation (P < 0.05). The present results revealed that SBM improves the peri-implant formation and BMA, prominent with trabecular bone structure. The effect of SBM to improve secondary stability of the implant, and shortening the treatment period should be investigated in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takahashi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Removable Prosthodontics, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Watanabe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakada
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Removable Prosthodontics, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanimoto
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sakae
- Department of Histology, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Suguru Kimoto
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Dindo Mijares
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Kawai
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
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