1
|
Jiao Y, Xu Y, Liu C, Miao R, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu J. The role of ADAR1 through and beyond its editing activity in cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:42. [PMID: 38233935 PMCID: PMC10795376 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of RNA, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, is a prevalent RNA modification in mammals. It has been shown that A-to-I editing plays a critical role in multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disorder, and particularly cancer. ADARs are the family of enzymes, including ADAR1, ADAR2, and ADAR3, that catalyze the occurrence of A-to-I editing. Notably, A-to-I editing is mainly catalyzed by ADAR1. Given the significance of A-to-I editing in disease development, it is important to unravel the complex roles of ADAR1 in cancer for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.In this review, we briefly describe the progress of research on A-to-I editing and ADARs in cancer, mainly focusing on the role of ADAR1 in cancer from both editing-dependent and independent perspectives. In addition, we also summarized the factors affecting the expression and editing activity of ADAR1 in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yuqin Xu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Rui Miao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhong Y, Zhong X, Qiao L, Wu H, Liu C, Zhang T. Zα domain proteins mediate the immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241694. [PMID: 37771585 PMCID: PMC10523160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zα domain has a compact α/β architecture containing a three-helix bundle flanked on one side by a twisted antiparallel β sheet. This domain displays a specific affinity for double-stranded nucleic acids that adopt a left-handed helical conformation. Currently, only three Zα-domain proteins have been identified in eukaryotes, specifically ADAR1, ZBP1, and PKZ. ADAR1 is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine residues to inosine, resulting in changes in RNA structure, function, and expression. In addition to its editing function, ADAR1 has been shown to play a role in antiviral defense, gene regulation, and cellular differentiation. Dysregulation of ADAR1 expression and activity has been associated with various disease states, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurological disorders. As a sensing molecule, ZBP1 exhibits the ability to recognize nucleic acids with a left-handed conformation. ZBP1 harbors a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM), composed of a highly charged surface region and a leucine-rich hydrophobic core, enabling the formation of homotypic interactions between proteins with similar structure. Upon activation, ZBP1 initiates a downstream signaling cascade leading to programmed cell death, a process mediated by RIPK3 via the RHIM motif. PKZ was identified in fish, and contains two Zα domains at the N-terminus. PKZ is essential for normal growth and development and may contribute to the regulation of immune system function in fish. Interestingly, some pathogenic microorganisms also encode Zα domain proteins, such as, Vaccinia virus and Cyprinid Herpesvirus. Zα domain proteins derived from pathogenic microorganisms have been demonstrated to be pivotal contributors in impeding the host immune response and promoting virus replication and spread. This review focuses on the mammalian Zα domain proteins: ADAR1 and ZBP1, and thoroughly elucidates their functions in the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhong
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangjun Qiao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of Liver, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huo XX, Wang SJ, Song H, Li MD, Yu H, Wang M, Gong HX, Qiu XT, Zhu YF, Zhang JY. Roles of Major RNA Adenosine Modifications in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:779779. [PMID: 34899345 PMCID: PMC8657411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer malignancy worldwide and is known to have poor prognosis. The pathogenesis behind the development of HNSCC is not fully understood. Modifications on RNA are involved in many pathophysiological processes, such as tumor development and inflammation. Adenosine-related RNA modifications have shown to be linked to cancer and may play a role in cancer occurrence and development. To date, there are at least 170 different chemical RNA modifications that modify coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These modifications affect RNA stability and transcription efficiency. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the four major RNA adenosine modifications (N6-Methyladenosine, N1-Methyladenosine, Alternative Polyadenylation Modification and A-to-I RNA editing) and their potential molecular mechanisms related to HNSCC development and progression. We also touch on how these RNA modifications affect treatment of HNSCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Huo
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shu-Jie Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-de Li
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Xiao Gong
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Qiu
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Fu Zhu
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Willbanks A, Wood S, Cheng JX. RNA Epigenetics: Fine-Tuning Chromatin Plasticity and Transcriptional Regulation, and the Implications in Human Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050627. [PMID: 33922187 PMCID: PMC8145807 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure plays an essential role in eukaryotic gene expression and cell identity. Traditionally, DNA and histone modifications have been the focus of chromatin regulation; however, recent molecular and imaging studies have revealed an intimate connection between RNA epigenetics and chromatin structure. Accumulating evidence suggests that RNA serves as the interplay between chromatin and the transcription and splicing machineries within the cell. Additionally, epigenetic modifications of nascent RNAs fine-tune these interactions to regulate gene expression at the co- and post-transcriptional levels in normal cell development and human diseases. This review will provide an overview of recent advances in the emerging field of RNA epigenetics, specifically the role of RNA modifications and RNA modifying proteins in chromatin remodeling, transcription activation and RNA processing, as well as translational implications in human diseases.
Collapse
|
5
|
Weiße J, Rosemann J, Krauspe V, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Haemmerle M, Gutschner T. RNA-Binding Proteins as Regulators of Migration, Invasion and Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6835. [PMID: 32957697 PMCID: PMC7555251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 7.5% of all human protein-coding genes have been assigned to the class of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and over the past decade, RBPs have been increasingly recognized as important regulators of molecular and cellular homeostasis. RBPs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of their target RNAs, i.e., alternative splicing, polyadenylation, stability and turnover, localization, or translation as well as editing and chemical modification, thereby tuning gene expression programs of diverse cellular processes such as cell survival and malignant spread. Importantly, metastases are the major cause of cancer-associated deaths in general, and particularly in oral cancers, which account for 2% of the global cancer mortality. However, the roles and architecture of RBPs and RBP-controlled expression networks during the diverse steps of the metastatic cascade are only incompletely understood. In this review, we will offer a brief overview about RBPs and their general contribution to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Subsequently, we will highlight selected examples of RBPs that have been shown to play a role in oral cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Last but not least, we will present targeting strategies that have been developed to interfere with the function of some of these RBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weiße
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Julia Rosemann
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Vanessa Krauspe
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Alexander W. Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Non-Coding RNA Editing in Cancer Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071845. [PMID: 32650588 PMCID: PMC7408896 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, RNA post-transcriptional modifications, including RNA editing, have been the subject of increasing interest among the scientific community. The efforts of the Human Genome Project combined with the development of new sequencing technologies and dedicated bioinformatic approaches created to detect and profile RNA transcripts have served to further our understanding of RNA editing. Investigators have determined that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) A-to-I editing is often deregulated in cancer. This discovery has led to an increased number of published studies in the field. However, the eventual clinical application for these findings remains a work in progress. In this review, we provide an overview of the ncRNA editing phenomenon in cancer. We discuss the bioinformatic strategies for RNA editing detection as well as the potential roles for ncRNA A to I editing in tumor immunity and as clinical biomarkers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pujantell M, Badia R, Galván-Femenía I, Garcia-Vidal E, de Cid R, Alcalde C, Tarrats A, Piñol M, Garcia F, Chamorro AM, Revollo B, Videla S, Parés D, Corral J, Tural C, Sirera G, Esté JA, Ballana E, Riveira-Muñoz E. ADAR1 function affects HPV replication and is associated to recurrent human papillomavirus-induced dysplasia in HIV coinfected individuals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19848. [PMID: 31882741 PMCID: PMC6934649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) alters the microenvironment of keratinocytes as a mechanism to evade the immune system. A-to-I editing by ADAR1 has been reported to regulate innate immunity in response to viral infections. Here, we evaluated the role of ADAR1 in HPV infection in vitro and in vivo. Innate immune activation was characterized in human keratinocyte cell lines constitutively infected or not with HPV. ADAR1 knockdown induced an innate immune response through enhanced expression of RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) signaling cascade, over-production of type-I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. ADAR1 knockdown enhanced expression of HPV proteins, a process dependent on innate immune function as no A-to-I editing could be identified in HPV transcripts. A genetic association study was performed in a cohort of HPV/HIV infected individuals followed for a median of 6 years (range 0.1-24). We identified the low frequency haplotype AACCAT significantly associated with recurrent HPV dysplasia, suggesting a role of ADAR1 in the outcome of HPV infection in HIV+ individuals. In summary, our results suggest that ADAR1-mediated innate immune activation may influence HPV disease outcome, therefore indicating that modification of innate immune effectors regulated by ADAR1 could be a therapeutic strategy against HPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pujantell
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Roger Badia
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Iván Galván-Femenía
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab Group - Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Edurne Garcia-Vidal
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab Group - Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Carmen Alcalde
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antonio Tarrats
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Piñol
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Garcia
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ana M Chamorro
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Boris Revollo
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Videla
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - David Parés
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Corral
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Tural
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Guillem Sirera
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - José A Esté
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain.
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Ester Ballana
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain.
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Eva Riveira-Muñoz
- AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|