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Chen TA, Lu PY, Lin PY, Chi CW, Cheng HY, Lai YJ, Wang F, Chiang YC. Effects of ceramic thickness, ceramic translucency, and light transmission on light-cured bulk-fill resin composites as luting cement of lithium disilicate based-ceramics. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:255-263. [PMID: 37197947 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of ceramic thickness, ceramic translucency, and light transmission on restorative composites used as luting cement for lithium disilicate-based ceramics. METHODS Four luting types of cement were tested (n=8); a dual-cured resin cement (Multilink N), a light-cured conventional flowable composite (Tetric N-Flow), and two light-cured bulk-fill flowable composites (Tetric N-Flow Bulk Fill and X-tra base). The 20 s- or 40 s-light (1000 mW/cm2) was transmitted through 1- or 2-mm-thick high- or low-translucency (HT- or LT-) ceramic discs (IPS e.Max press) to reach the 1-mm-thick luting cement. Light transmitted to cement without ceramic served as a control. Vickers hardness number (VHN), flexural strength (FS), fractography, and degree of conversion (DC) were evaluated. One-way and multi-way analysis of variance was conducted to determine the effects of factors on VHN and FS. RESULTS Ceramic thickness, light transmission time, and cement type significantly affected the VHN of the luting cement (P < .000). Only Multilink N (LT- and HT-1mm) and Tetric N-Flow (HT-1mm) reached 90% VHN of corresponding control by 20 s-light transmissions, but Tetric N-Flow exhibited lowest VHN and approximately 1/3-1/2 VHN of Multilink N (P < 0.05). X-tra base expressed superior physicochemical properties to Tetric N-Flow Bulk Fill (P < 0.05) and reached >90% VHN of control in all conditions with 40 s-light transmissions except for LT-2 mm. DC, FS, and fractography supported these findings. CONCLUSIONS The light-cured bulk-fill composite served as a luting cement for lithium-disilicate-based ceramics in a product-dependent manner. Light transmission time is crucial to ensure sufficient luting cement polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Chen
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lu
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Hon Yin Cheng
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lai
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fajen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chiang
- Division of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Catarino SO, Carvalho Ó, Veiga N, Torres O, Braem A, Souza JCM. Light transmittance through resin-matrix composite onlays adhered to resin-matrix cements or flowable composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106353. [PMID: 38194785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the thickness of resin-matrix composite blocks manufactured by CAD-CAM on the light transmittance towards different resin-matrix cements or flowable composites. METHODS Sixty specimens of resin-matrix composite CAD-CAM blocks reinforced with 89 wt% inorganic fillers were cross-sectioned with 2 or 3 mm thicknesses. The specimens were conditioned with adhesive system and divided in groups according to the luting material, namely: two dual-cured resin-matrix cements, two traditional flowable resin-matrix composites, and one thermal-induced flowable resin-matrix composite. Specimens were light-cured at 900 mW/cm2 for 40s. Light transmittance assays were preformed using a spectrophotometer with an integrated monochromator before and after light-curing. Microstructural analysis was performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanoindentation tests were performed to evaluate mechanical properties for indirect evaluation of degree of monomers conversion. RESULTS Optical and SEM images revealed low thickness values for the cementation interfaces for the traditional flowable resin-matrix composite. The cement thickness increased with the size and content of inorganic fillers. The highest light transmittance was recorded for the onlay blocks cemented with the traditional flowable resin-matrix composites while a group cemented with the dual-cured resin-matrix cement revealed the lowest light transmittance. The elastic modulus and hardness increased for specimens with high content of inorganic fillers as well as it increased in function of the light transmittance. CONCLUSIONS The light transmittance of flowable resin-matrix composites was higher than that for resin-matrix cement after cementation to resin-matrix composites blocks. The type, size, and content of inorganic fillers of the luting material affected the thickness of the cement layer and light transmittance through the materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE On chair-side light curing, the transmission of visible light can be interfered by the chemical composition and viscosity of the luting materials. The increase in size and content of inorganic fillers of resin-matrix composites and luting materials can decrease the light transmittance leading to inefficient polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Susana O Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nélio Veiga
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal; Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Dolve E, Ben-Izhack G, Meirowitz A, Erel H, Rosner O, Biadsee A, Lugassy D, Shely A. The Light Reflection Changes of Monolithic Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate after Using Two External Staining Kits following by Thermocycling. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2057. [PMID: 36903172 PMCID: PMC10004587 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to evaluate the changes of light reflection% on two materials (monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate) after using two external staining kits following by thermocycling. METHODS Specimens were sectioned from monolithic zirconia (n = 60) and lithium disilicate (n = 60) then divided into six groups (n = 20). Two different types of external staining kits were used and applied to the specimens. The light reflection% was measured before staining, after staining and after thermocycling using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS The light reflection% of zirconia was significantly higher compared to lithium disilicate at the beginning of the study (p = 0.005), after staining with kit 1 (p = 0.005) and kit 2 (p = 0.005) and after thermocycling (p = 0.005). For both materials, the light reflection% was lower after staining with Kit 1 compared to kit 2 (p < 0.043). After thermocycling, the light reflection% of lithium disilicate increased (p = 0.027) and was unchanged with Zirconia (p = 0.527). CONCLUSIONS There is a difference between the materials regarding light reflection% as the monolithic zirconia showed higher light reflection% comparing lithium disilicate throughout the entire experiment. For lithium disilicate, we recommend using kit 1 as we found that, after thermocycling, the light reflection% of kit 2 was increased.
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Torres O, Carvalho Ó, Silva FS, Catarino SO, Özcan M, Souza JCM. A Scoping Review on the Polymerization of Resin-Matrix Cements Used in Restorative Dentistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1560. [PMID: 36837188 PMCID: PMC9961405 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In dentistry, clinicians mainly use dual-cured or light-cured resin-matrix cements to achieve a proper polymerization of the organic matrix leading to enhanced physical properties of the cement. However, several parameters can affect the polymerization of resin-matrix cements. The main aim of the present study was to perform a scoping review on the degree of conversion (DC) of the organic matrix, the polymerization, and the light transmittance of different resin-matrix cements used in dentistry. A search was performed on PubMed using a combination of the following key terms: degree of conversion, resin cements, light transmittance, polymerization, light curing, and thickness. Articles in the English language published up to November 2022 were selected. The selected studies' results demonstrated that restorative structures with a thickness higher than 1.5 mm decrease the light irradiance towards the resin-matrix cement. A decrease in light transmission provides a low energy absorption through the resin cement leading to a low DC percentage. On the other hand, the highest DC percentages, ranging between 55 and 75%, have been reported for dual-cured resin-matrix cements, although the polymerization mode and exposure time also influence the DC of monomers. Thus, the polymerization of resin-matrix cements can be optimized taking into account different parameters of light-curing, such as adequate light distance, irradiance, exposure time, equipment, and wavelength. Then, optimum physical properties are achieved that provide a long-term clinical performance of the cemented restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana O. Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Júlio C. M. Souza
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Kawamura M, Toida Y, Hoshika S, Islam MRR, Li Y, Yao Y, Liu Y, Islam R, Sato T, Shimada Y, Sano H. Influence of Novel Experimental Light-Cured Resin Cement on Microtensile Bond Strength. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194075. [PMID: 36236023 PMCID: PMC9572775 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and Knoop hardness number (KHN) of a novel experimental light-cured resin cement (HL). Eighteen flat dentin surfaces of human molars were polished using #600 SiC paper and bonded to CAD/CAM resin blocks with the respective resin cements and composites: HL, Panavia V5 (PV), and Clearfil AP-X (AP). All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h and 7 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) observations were performed to evaluate filler morphology and to detect the elements. The resin cements had a significant effect on the immediate µTBS (F = 22.59, p < 0.05) and after water storage µTBS (F = 22.83, p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the KHN between the tested materials were observed, and HL indicated the highest KHN when compared with PV. HL showed a combination of the regular-shaped filler and spherical-shaped filler within the matrix. Silicon was detected in HL from the EDX evaluation. HL exhibited better bonding performance and polymerization, which may have contributed to the improvement of the adhesive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Kawamura
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Department of Dental Medical Laboratory, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14 Nishi 5, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.T.); Tel.: +81-011-706-4261 (M.K. & Y.T.)
| | - Yu Toida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.T.); Tel.: +81-011-706-4261 (M.K. & Y.T.)
| | - Shuhei Hoshika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Md Refat Readul Islam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yunqing Liu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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Zhou W, Liao ZX, Chen JH, Qiu BY, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Color change of glass ceramic restorations cemented by four types of dual-cured resin luting agents with different initiator systems. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:833-842. [PMID: 35934801 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effect of dual-cured resin luting agents with different initiator systems on the color stability of glass ceramic restorations by simulating various clinical glass ceramic restorations. Three commonly used shades from each of the two dual-cured resin luting agents with an amine-initiation system or without it were studied. The individual specimens had different translucency and thickness and were artificially aged using a xenon light aging machine. The color was measured before and after aging using a digital spectrophotometer with the difference calculated and analyzed statistically. As results, the amine-free dual-cured resin luting agents were more color stable than those using amine-initiation systems for both uncovered and bonding groups. The translucency and thickness of the ceramic, and shade and type of the resin luting agent significantly affected the color stability of glass ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Zi-Xuan Liao
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Bi-Ying Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Air Force Hospital from Eastern Theater
| | - Ling Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University
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Ramos RQ, Moraes RR, Lopes GC. Effect of LED Light-Curing Spectral Emission Profile on Light-Cured Resin Cement Degree of Conversion. Oper Dent 2021; 46:63-74. [PMID: 33351938 DOI: 10.2341/19-234-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of multipeak LED light-curing guarantees efficiency on light activation of Ivocerin-containing light-cured resin cement. SUMMARY
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Blumentritt FB, Cancian G, Saporiti JM, de Holanda TA, Barbon FJ, Boscato N. Influence of feldspar ceramic thickness on the properties of resin cements and restorative set. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12765. [PMID: 33455026 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the influence of feldspathic ceramic thickness on the properties of light- and dual-cured resin cements. For each cement (RelyX Veneer, Allcem Veneer, RelyX Ultimate, and Allcem Dual), three ceramic specimens were prepared, with seven thicknesses for each (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm). The degree of conversion, Vickers microhardness, irradiance power, color variation (ΔE00 ), and translucency parameters were assessed. Microhardness and irradiance power were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey's test, while ΔE00 , translucency parameters, and degree of conversion were analyzed using ANOVA of ranks with post hoc Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The relationship between each of the dependent variables (degree of conversion, ΔE00 , and translucency parameter tests) and the specimen thickness was described using linear regression for each of the four resin cements. The significance level for all analyses was set at 5%. RelyX Ultimate yielded the lowest degree of conversion values among all resin cements. Allcem Veneer produced the lowest microhardness values, without statistical differences between thicknesses, of up to 1 mm. Allcem Dual produced the highest ΔE00 and translucency parameter values. Feldspathic ceramic thickness influenced the mechanical properties of resin cements and optical aspects of the restorative set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Brombila Blumentritt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Geórgia Cancian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Júlia Machado Saporiti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Azario de Holanda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Jardim Barbon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Noéli Boscato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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