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Ayres AP, Cuschieri LA, Bianchi DM, Pradíes G, Côrtes ARG. Advantages and drawbacks of different methods to measure marginal gaps in fixed dental prostheses: A scoping review. J Dent 2024; 151:105400. [PMID: 39393607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aimed to compare traditional and digital methods to assess marginal gaps in fixed dental prostheses. Each method's characteristics, advantages, and limitations were identified and discussed, also addressing the knowledge gaps in the current scientific literature. DATA Studies comparing currently available techniques for marginal gap examination were investigated. The main techniques analyzed were the Cross-Sectional Method (CSM), Direct View (DV), Silicone Replica Technique (SRT), Dual-Scan Method (DSM), Triple-Scan Method (TSM), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Micro-Computed Tomography (MCT). SOURCES Two experienced independent reviewers screened online databases (MEDLINE via PubMed and Scopus) to identify studies published in English up to March 2024. References from primary studies and the main peer-reviewed scientific journals were manually searched. STUDY SELECTION From an initial pool of 8126 articles, the reviewers meticulously selected 25 in vitro studies on objective comparisons between two or more methods for assessing marginal gaps in fixed dental prostheses on natural teeth. Publications that assessed marginal gaps in implant-supported fixed dental prostheses were excluded. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that while traditional methods like CSM and SRT are widely used and validated, they have limitations in comprehensive gap assessment, often neglecting recommended measurement points. The DV technique, focusing solely on external gaps, may be less relevant for modern assessments. Conversely, three-dimensional techniques like TSM, DSM, OCT, and MCT offer a more thorough evaluation of dental restoration fit. Moreover, digital methods such as TSM and DSM have a significant potential for future clinical application. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This review examined methods for evaluating marginal gaps in fixed dental prostheses. The review aids dental professionals and researchers in choosing the most suitable technique for clinical in vivo or laboratory assessment of the marginal adaptation of dental restorations. This study also indicates the need for an established and standardized assessment protocol for the marginal fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Ayres
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A Cuschieri
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - D M Bianchi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Pradíes
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A R G Côrtes
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Morón-Conejo B, Berrendero S, Bai S, Martínez-Rus F, Pradies G. Fit comparison of interim crowns manufactured with open and proprietary 3D printing modes versus milling technology: An in vitro study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 39121448 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the fit of interim crowns produced using DLP-based 3D printing with different manufacturing workflows-open and proprietary-versus milling technology. METHODS A total of 120 crowns were evaluated using the replica technique. The control group (Mill, n = 30) was manufactured via subtractive technology. Experimental groups were printed using a DLP printer (SprintRay Pro95). In the proprietary mode (SR100, n = 30), manufacturer resin was used with a 100-μm layer thickness (LT) and a splashing cleaning postprocessing. In the open mode, validated resin was used. Group B100 (n = 30) had a 100-μm LT, and group B50 (n = 30) had a 50-μm followed by postprocessing in an ultrasonic bath with full immersion in isopropyl alcohol. Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni correction was applied after normal analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS Group B50 exhibited the best overall fit (123.87 ± 67.42 μm), which was comparable to the gold standard Milling group, which demonstrated the lowest marginal fit (p = 0.760). SR100 showed significantly poorer performance compared to Mill, B50, and B100 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS 3D printed and milled interim crowns generally demonstrated clinically acceptable fit, with the exception of the SR100 group. Postprocessing notably influenced crown fit, with the open mode with total immersion in isopropyl alcohol being superior. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study demonstrates that the selection of an optimal manufacturing and postprocessing workflow results in superior fit for interim crowns. This enables dental professionals to evaluate protocols and ensure reliable outcomes with improved clinical outcomes in interim crown fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Morón-Conejo
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Analysis of Techniques, Material and Instruments applied to Digital Dentistry and CAD/CAM Procedures Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Berrendero
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Analysis of Techniques, Material and Instruments applied to Digital Dentistry and CAD/CAM Procedures Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shizhu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Digital Dentistry Center, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Francisco Martínez-Rus
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Analysis of Techniques, Material and Instruments applied to Digital Dentistry and CAD/CAM Procedures Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pradies
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Analysis of Techniques, Material and Instruments applied to Digital Dentistry and CAD/CAM Procedures Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Valenti C, Isabella Federici M, Masciotti F, Marinucci L, Xhimitiku I, Cianetti S, Pagano S. Mechanical properties of 3D printed prosthetic materials compared with milled and conventional processing: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:381-391. [PMID: 35934576 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensional (3D) additive manufacturing (AM) is an evolving technology in dentistry, proposed as an alternative to subtractive milling manufacture (MM) or conventional processing. However, a systematic review of the use of AM technology instead of milling or conventional processing is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D printed prosthetic materials compared with MM and conventional techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search of the literature was conducted on the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were in vitro studies published in the last 5 years, in English or Italian, and with 3D AM printed dental prosthetic materials. Data extraction was focused on dental prosthetic materials (ceramics, polymers, and metals) and their mechanical properties: flexural strength, fracture load, hardness, roughness, removable partial denture (RPD) fit accuracy, trueness, marginal discrepancy, and internal fit. Data considered homogenous were subjected to meta-analysis using the Stata17 statistical software program (95% confidence interval [CI]; α=.05). Since all variables were continuous, the Hedge g measure was calculated. A fixed-effects model was used for I2=0%, while the statistical analysis was conducted using a random-effects model with I2>0%. RESULTS From a total of 3624 articles, 2855 studies were selected, and 76 studies included after full-text reading. The roughness of AM-printed ceramics generally increased compared with that of conventional processing while the marginal discrepancy was comparable both for ceramics and polymers. The flexural strength, hardness, and fracture load of AM-printed polymers were statistically lower than those of the conventional group (P<.05). No significant difference was detected in terms of hardness, roughness, marginal discrepancy, fracture load, trueness, or internal fit between the AM and MM techniques (P>.05). Milling techniques showed significantly higher values of flexural strength (Hedge g=-3.88; 95% CI, -7.20 to -0.58; P=.02), also after aging (Hedge g=-3.29; 95% CI, -6.41 to -0.17; P=.04), compared with AM printing. CONCLUSIONS AM is comparable with MM in terms of mechanical properties, in particular with polymeric materials. The flexural strength of AM-printed prostheses is lower than with conventional and MM techniques, as are the parameters of hardness and fracture load, while the marginal discrepancy is similar to that of MM and conventional techniques. AM prostheses are commonly used for interim crowns and fixed partial dentures, as their rigidity and fracture resistance cannot support mastication forces for extended periods. More comparative studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valenti
- Graduate student, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Isabella Federici
- Graduate student, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Masciotti
- Student, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Researcher, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Iva Xhimitiku
- PhD student, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali "Giuseppe Colombo" - CISAS, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- Professor, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Researcher, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Çakmak G, Cuellar AR, Donmez MB, Abou-Ayash S, Lu WE, Schimmel M, Yilmaz B. Effect of printing layer thickness on the trueness of 3-unit interim fixed partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:718-725. [PMID: 35636984 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensional printing has facilitated the fabrication processes in dentistry. However, knowledge on the effect of layer thickness on the trueness of 3D printed fixed partial dentures (FPDs) is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of printing layer thickness on the trueness of 3-unit interim FPDs fabricated by using additive manufacturing with that of those fabricated by subtractive manufacturing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The right first premolar and first molar teeth of a dentate mandibular model were prepared for a 3-unit restoration and then digitized by using an intraoral scanner. A 3-unit interim FPD was designed to fabricate 40 restorations by using either the additive (NextDent C&B MFH) with layer thicknesses of 20 μm (n=10), 50 μm (n=10), and 100 μm (n=10) or subtractive manufacturing technique (Upcera) (milled, n=10). After fabrication, the interim FPDs were digitized by using the same intraoral scanner and were superimposed over the design data by using a 3D analysis software program. Root mean square (RMS) was used to analyze the trueness of the restorations at 4 different surfaces (external, intaglio, marginal area, and intaglio occlusal) and as a complete unit (overall). Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS The 100-μm-layer thickness interim FPDs showed the greatest overall (P≤.015), external (P≤.021), and intaglio occlusal (P≤.021) deviations, whereas the milled interim FPDs showed the lowest (P=.001). No significant differences were found among the test groups for marginal RMS (P≥.108). The differences between the 50-μm-layer thickness and 100-μm-layer thickness interim FPDs for the intaglio surface deviations (P=.064) and between the 20-μm-layer thickness and 50-μm-layer thickness interim FPDs for each surface tested were not statistically significant (P≥.108). CONCLUSIONS The printing layer thickness had a significant effect on the trueness of the additively manufactured interim FPDs. However, subtractively manufactured interim FPDs presented higher trueness than those additively manufactured, regardless of the printing layer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Buser Foundation Scholar for Implant Dentistry, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alfonso Rodriguez Cuellar
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, Clinica Dental Rodriguez Dental Clinic, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Istinye University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey; Visiting Researcher, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samir Abou-Ayash
- Senior Lecturer and Head of the Section of Digital Implant and Reconstructive Dentistry, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wei-En Lu
- PhD student, Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Chairman, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; External Researcher, Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
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Alsarani MM. Influence of aging process and restoration thickness on the fracture resistance of provisional crowns: A comparative study. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:939-945. [PMID: 38107052 PMCID: PMC10724475 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The advancement of digital dentistry enhanced the fabrication of indirect provisional restorations utilizing durable materials, yet the performance of provisional crowns fabricated with various techniques, and different thickness remains unknown. Thus, this in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of restoration thickness and aging on the fracture behavior of provisional crowns fabricated using different techniques. Methods A dentiform maxillary first molar was prepared using a highly filled epoxy resin material to construct identical die replicas. Four groups of provisional crowns were fabricated: Group 1 was milled at 1.5 mm occlusal thickness; Group 2 was milled at 0.9 mm thickness; Group 3 was 3D-printed at 1.5 mm occlusal thickness; and Group 4 was 3D-printed at 0.9 mm occlusal thickness. Eight crowns from each group were subjected to a thermocycling process for 5000 cycles between baths held at 5 °C and 55 °C with a dwell time of 30 s and transfer time of 5 s. All crowns (aged and non-aged (control)) were loaded for fracturing using a universal testing machine at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons at (α = 0.05). Results The maximum mean force load was found in the non-aged milled group (M1.5) at 1706.36 ± 124.07 N; the minimum mean force load was recorded for the aged 3D-printed group (3D0.9) at 552.49 ± 173.46 N. A significant difference was observed before and after thermocycling (p < 0.01). Conclusion Computer-aided design and manufacture of milled provisional crowns is superior to 3D-printed crowns for fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M. Alsarani
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSU, Building 24, Office: 2201, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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Jalalian E, Younesi F, Golalipour S, Khorshidi S, Mahdavisaedabadi SH, Sayyari M. Assessment of Marginal and Internal Adaptation in Provisional Crowns Utilizing Three Distinct Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:853-858. [PMID: 38238272 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess the marginal and internal adaptation of provisional crowns fabricated from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blocks by the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system, autopolymerizing PMMA, and acrylic base composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro experimental study, a brass die was obtained, and provisional crowns were fabricated in three groups using Teliocad PMMA blocks by the CAD/CAM system, Tempron GC auto-polymerizing PMMA, and Bisico acrylic base composite resin (n = 7 in each group). The provisional crowns were coded and randomly placed on the die. Their marginal adaptation was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 40× magnification, while their internal adaptation was assessed by the replica technique. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mean marginal gap was the highest in autopolymerizing PMMA and the lowest in the CAD/CAM PMMA group (p < 0.05). The mean marginal gap in the autopolymerizing PMMA group was significantly higher than that in the resin material (p = 0.014) and CAD/CAM PMMA (p = 0.000) groups. The difference between the resin material and CAD/CAM PMMA groups was not significant (p = 0.13). The mean internal gap was the highest in autopolymerizing PMMA group and the lowest in CAD/CAM PMMA group (p < 0.05). The mean internal gap in autopolymerizing PMMA group was significantly higher than that in composite resin (p = 0.002) and CAD/CAM PMMA (p = 0.00) groups. The difference between the resin material and CAD/CAM PMMA groups was not significant (p = 0.322). CONCLUSION Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing PMMA provisional crowns showed the highest marginal and internal adaptation followed by acrylic base resin material crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing PMMA crowns demonstrate superior marginal and internal adaptation compared with autopolymerizing PMMA and acrylic base composite resin crowns, suggesting CAD/CAM technology's potential for enhancing clinical outcomes. How to cite this article: Jalalian E, Younesi F, Golalipour S, et al. Assessment of Marginal and Internal Adaptation in Provisional Crowns Utilizing Three Distinct Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(11):853-858.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezatollah Jalalian
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzan Younesi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Golalipour
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Phone: +98 912 319 0401, e-mail:
| | - Sotude Khorshidi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Sayyari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ribeiro AKC, de Freitas RFCP, de Carvalho IHG, de Miranda LM, da Silva NR, de Fátima Dantas de Almeida L, Zhang Y, da Fonte Porto Carreiro A, de Assunção E Souza RO. Flexural strength, surface roughness, micro-CT analysis, and microbiological adhesion of a 3D-printed temporary crown material. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2207-2220. [PMID: 36933047 PMCID: PMC10164099 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the thermocycling effect of 3D-printed resins on flexural strength, surface roughness, microbiological adhesion, and porosity. MATERIALS AND METHODS 150 bars (8 × 2 × 2 mm) and 100 blocks (8 × 8 × 2 mm) were made and divided into 5 groups, according to two factors: "material" (AR: acrylic resin, CR: composite resin, BIS: bis-acryl resin, CAD: CAD/CAM resin, and PRINT: 3D-printed resin) and "aging" (non-aged and aged - TC). Half of them were subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles). The bars were subjected to mini-flexural strength (σ) test (1 mm/min). All the blocks were subjected to roughness analysis (Ra/Rq/Rz). The non-aged blocks were subjected to porosity analysis (micro-CT; n = 5) and fungal adherence (n = 10). Data were statistically analyzed (one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA; Tukey's test, α = 0.05). RESULTS For σ, "material" and "aging" factors were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The BIS (118.23 ± 16.26A) presented a higher σ and the PRINT group (49.87 ± 7.55E) had the lowest mean σ. All groups showed a decrease in σ after TC, except for PRINT. The CRTC showed the lowest Weibull modulus. The AR showed higher roughness than BIS. Porosity revealed that the AR (1.369%) and BIS (6.339%) presented the highest porosity, and the CAD (0.002%) had the lowest porosity. Cell adhesion was significantly different between the CR (6.81) and CAD (6.37). CONCLUSION Thermocycling reduced the flexural strength of most provisional materials, except for 3D-printed resin. However, it did not influence the surface roughness. The CR showed higher microbiological adherence than CAD group. The BIS group reached the highest porosity while the CAD group had the lowest values. CLINICAL RELEVANCE 3D-printed resins are promising materials for clinical applications because they have good mechanical properties and low fungal adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kaline Claudino Ribeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | | | - Isabelle Helena Gurgel de Carvalho
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Mendonça de Miranda
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Nathália Ramos da Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Health Science Center, Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, CEP, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adriana da Fonte Porto Carreiro
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção E Souza
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil.
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Nagata K, Muromachi K, Kouzai Y, Inaba K, Inoue E, Fuchigami K, Nihei T, Atsumi M, Kimoto K, Kawana H. Fit accuracy of resin crown on a dental model fabricated using fused deposition modeling 3D printing and a polylactic acid filament. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:144-149. [PMID: 35466158 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We considered the possibility of reducing industrial waste by fabricating and reusing dental models prepared using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer and polylactic acid (PLA) filaments. The purpose of this study was to verify the accuracy of models fabricated using FDM and PLA.Methods The same provisional crown was used to check the marginal fit on PLA models prepared using an intraoral scanner (IOS) and FDM, plaster models made with silicone impression material and plaster, and resin models prepared using an IOS and stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printer. The marginal fit was measured using micro-computed tomography at four points on the tooth: the buccal center (B), palatal center (P), mesial center (M), and distal center (D) points.Results At point B, the marginal gaps were 118 ± 21.7, 62 ± 16.4, and 50 ± 26.5 μm for the PLA, resin, and plaster models, respectively, with a significant difference between the PLA model and the other two. However, the marginal gap at all other measurement points was not significantly different between the models (P > 0.05).Conclusions We compared the accuracy of the models fabricated using the FDM, SLA, and conventional methods. The combination of FDM and PLA filaments showed no significant differences from the other models, except at point B, indicating its usefulness. Therefore, FDM and PLA may become necessary materials for dental treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudai Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Muromachi
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kouzai
- Department of Education Planning, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Inaba
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Erika Inoue
- Division of the Dental practice support, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kei Fuchigami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Tomotaro Nihei
- Department of Clinical Biomaterials, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Mihoko Atsumi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kimoto
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kawana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
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Zheng Z, Wang H, Mo J, Ling Z, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yan W. Effect of virtual cement space and restorative materials on the adaptation of CAD-CAM endocrowns. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:580. [PMID: 36494663 PMCID: PMC9733092 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effect of virtual cement space and restorative materials on the fit of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) endocrowns. METHODS A mandibular first molar tooth model received a butt joint margin endocrown preparation with a 2-mm occlusal thickness. Then, using a 3D-printing system, 120 copies of this prepared die were printed and assigned equally to three groups with different cement space settings (30, 60, and 120 μm) during the chairside CAD design. In the milling process, CAD-based models with a particular space setting were subdivided into four groups (n = 10) and fabricated from different CAD-CAM materials: Vita Suprinity (VS), Celtra Duo (CD), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Grandio blocs (GR). Finally, the endocrowns were stabilized over their corresponding models with siloxane and subjected to micro-computed tomography to measure the fit. RESULTS The cement space that was predesigned at 30 μm generated the largest marginal discrepancy (from 144.68 ± 22.43 μm to 174.36 ± 22.78 μm), which was significantly different from those at 60 μm and 120 μm (p < 0.001). The combination of VS or CD with a pre-setting cement space of 60 μm and the combination of LU or GR with a cement space of 120 μm showed better agreement between the predesigned and actual measured marginal gap widths. For internal adaptation, only the cement space set to 30 μm exceeded the clinically acceptable threshold (200 μm). CONCLUSIONS The setting of the cement space and restorative material significantly affected the marginal adaptation of CAD-CAM endocrown restorations. Considering the discrepancy between design and reality, different virtual cement spaces should be applied to ceramic and resin composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Zheng
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hebi Wang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Mo
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiting Ling
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilei Wang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Turksayar AAD, Donmez MB, Olcay EO, Demirel M, Demir E. Effect of printing orientation on the fracture strength of additively manufactured 3-unit interim fixed dental prostheses after aging. J Dent 2022; 124:104155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Sánchez-Monescillo A, González-Serrano C, González-Serrano J, Malta Barbosa J, López-Suárez C, Duarte S. Effect of Luting Cement and Convergence Angle of the Preparation on the Internal Fit of Zirconia Restorations. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247858. [PMID: 34947451 PMCID: PMC8708348 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of luting agents and the preparation design on the internal fit of zirconia restorations. Sixty dies were prepared and divided in occlusal convergence angle of 6° (OC6) and 12° (OC12). CAD/CAM zirconia copings were fabricated (Lava All-Ceramic System). A zinc phosphate cement (ZPC); a glass ionomer cement (GIC); and a resin cement (RC) were studied. Specimens were sectioned and coping/die discrepancies were evaluated through Stereoscopic Microscopy. A closer fit was observed in OC12 when compared to OC6 (p < 0.001). For OC6 no significant differences were observed in between ZPC, GIC, and RC (p > 0.05). For OC12, a significantly closer fit was recorded on the ZPC subgroup when compared to the GIC subgroup (p < 0.001). Preparations of 12 degrees demonstrated a closer internal fit when compared to 6 degrees. Preparations of 12 degrees achieved better internal fit values with ZPC (Fortex) followed by RC (RelyX Unicem), and GIC (Ketac Cem). No differences were found when comparing different luting agents over 6° degrees preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Sánchez-Monescillo
- Norris Dental Science Center, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 W 34th St, DEN 311, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos González-Serrano
- IDIBO Research Group, Stomatology Department, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. de Atenas, S/N, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José González-Serrano
- ORALMED Research Group, Department of Dental Clinical Specialities, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - João Malta Barbosa
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E 24th St, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Carlos López-Suárez
- ICAPE Research Group, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Buccofacial Prosthesis, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sillas Duarte
- Norris Dental Science Center, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 W 34th St, DEN 311, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
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12
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Henderson JY, Korioth TVP, Tantbirojn D, Versluis A. Failure load of milled, 3D-printed, and conventional chairside-dispensed interim 3-unit fixed dental prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 127:275.e1-275.e7. [PMID: 34895902 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM New techniques and materials for the laboratory fabrication of interim fixed dental prostheses have gained in popularity, yet how their failure strengths compare with conventional chairside materials is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the strength of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or 3-dimensionally (3D) printed bis-acryl interim fixed dental prostheses with a traditional chairside-dispensed autopolymerizing bis-acryl prosthesis while taking into account the effect of loading rate and storage time. MATERIAL AND METHODS A dentiform mandibular second premolar and second molar with a first molar pontic were prepared and scanned. Three groups of 3-unit interim fixed dental prostheses were fabricated: milled PMMA, 3D-printed bis-acryl, and chairside-dispensed autopolymerizing bis-acryl. The interim prostheses were evaluated for fit with a silicone disclosing material and cemented onto 3D-printed resin dies. The specimens were stored in 100% humidity at 37 °C. After 1 or 30 days of storage, the cemented interim prostheses were loaded to failure in a universal testing machine at 1 or 10 mm/min (n=15/group). Failure loads were analyzed by 3-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons (α=.05). RESULTS Mean ±standard deviation failure loads ranged from 363 ±93 N (3D-printed bis-acryl, 30 days, 1 mm/min) to 729 ±113 N (milled PMMA, 24 hours, 1 mm/min). Loading rate did not significantly affect failure load of the interim prostheses (P=.306). After 30 days of storage in 100% humidity, the failure load of milled PMMA and 3D-printed bis-acryl interim prostheses decreased significantly, but the chairside autopolymerizing bis-acryl prostheses were not affected. After 30 days of storage, the failure loads of milled PMMA and chairside autopolymerizing bis-acryl were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of loading rate, interim fixed dental prostheses from milled PMMA had the highest initial strength 1 day after storage. Thirty days of exposure to humidity, however, reduced the strength of the CAD-CAM-manufactured interim prostheses, whereas the traditional chairside prostheses retained their strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Y Henderson
- Graduate student, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Tom V P Korioth
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Daranee Tantbirojn
- Professor, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Antheunis Versluis
- Professor, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn.
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13
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Effect of Printing Layer Thickness on the Trueness and Margin Quality of 3D-Printed Interim Dental Crowns. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The information in the literature on the effect of printing layer thickness on interim 3D-printed crowns is limited. In the present study, the effect of layer thickness on the trueness and margin quality of 3D-printed composite resin crowns was investigated and compared with milled crowns. The crowns were printed in 3 different layer thicknesses (20, 50, and 100 μm) by using a hybrid resin based on acrylic esters with inorganic microfillers or milled from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) discs and digitized with an intraoral scanner (test scans). The compare tool of the 3D analysis software was used to superimpose the test scans and the computer-aided design file by using the manual alignment tool and to virtually separate the surfaces. Deviations at different surfaces on crowns were calculated by using root mean square (RMS). Margin quality of crowns was examined under a stereomicroscope and graded. The data were evaluated with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The layer thickness affected the trueness and margin quality of 3D-printed interim crowns. Milled crowns had higher trueness on intaglio and intaglio occlusal surfaces than 100 μm-layer thickness crowns. Milled crowns had the highest margin quality, while 20 μm and 100 μm layer thickness printed crowns had the lowest. The quality varied depending on the location of the margin.
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14
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Influence of Conventional, CAD-CAM, and 3D Printing Fabrication Techniques on the Marginal Integrity and Surface Roughness and Wear of Interim Crowns. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim is to assess the influence of fabrication techniques—conventional (CN), CAD-CAM (CC), and 3D printing (3D)—on the marginal fit, adaptation, surface roughness, and wear of interim restorations of crowns. Thirty interim crowns were fabricated using CN, CC, and 3D techniques. Sixty discs were fabricated to evaluate surface wear and surface roughness properties, with 10 disc samples in each group (n = 10). Internal adaptation and marginal integrity of interim crowns were analyzed with micro CT to detect microgaps at selected points. Average surface micro-roughness (Ra) was calculated in micrometers (μm) using an optical non-contact surface microscope under cyclic loading. Surface wear was evaluated by surface area measurements (mm3) using a micro CT. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc comparison tests with Pearson correlation were performed for data analysis. The highest adaptation means were for CN (269.94 ± 64 μm), and the lowest mean value was observed for 3D (197.82 ± 11.72 μm) crowns. CN and CC specimens showed comparable adaptation (p > 0.05), which were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than 3D crowns. CN crowns showed significantly higher marginal misfit compared to 3D (p < 0.05) and CC (p < 0.05) crowns. The highest mean surface roughness was observed in the 3D crowns (5.61 ± 0.33 µm), whereas the lowest was found in CC crowns (3.28 ± 0.34 µm). Better restoration Ra was observed using the CC method followed by CN. CN had the highest wear (17.79 ± 2.78 mm3), and the lowest wear was observed in the 3D (10.81 ± 2.00 mm3) specimen. Low surface wear was observed using 3D printing, followed by CN and CC techniques. The printed specimen showed comparable outcomes to CAD-CAM restoration; however, they were better than CN restoration. A positive correlation between adaptation and surface roughness was observed, indicating an effect of the fabrication technique on material physical property.
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15
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Son K, Son YT, Lee JM, Lee KB. Marginal and internal fit and intaglio surface trueness of interim crowns fabricated from tooth preparation of four finish line locations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13947. [PMID: 34230587 PMCID: PMC8260589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the marginal and internal fit and intaglio surface trueness of interim crowns fabricated from tooth preparation scanned at four finish line locations. The right maxillary first molar tooth preparation model was fabricated using a ceramic material and placed in four finish line locations (supragingival, equigingival, subgingival, and subgingival with a cord). Intraoral scanning was performed. Crowns were designed based on the scanned area. Interim crowns were fabricated using a stereolithography three-dimensional (3D) printer (N = 16 per location). Marginal and internal fit were evaluated with a silicone replica technique. Intaglio surface trueness was evaluated using a 3D inspection software. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD test were performed for comparisons (α = 0.05). The marginal and internal fit showed significant differences according to locations (P < 0.05); the marginal fit showed the best results in the supragingival finish line (P < 0.05). Intaglio surface trueness was significantly different in the marginal region, with the highest value in the subgingival location (P < 0.05). Crowns fabricated on the subgingival finish line caused inaccurate marginal fit due to poor fabrication reproducibility of the marginal region. The use of an intraoral scanner should be decided on the clinical situation and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunbada Son
- Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tak Son
- Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bok Lee
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Influence of postpolymerization methods and artificial aging procedures on the fracture resistance and flexural strength of a vat-polymerized interim dental material. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 128:1085-1093. [PMID: 33795163 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The influence of postpolymerization methods and artificial aging procedures on the fracture resistance and flexural strength of additively manufactured interim polymers remains unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the conditions (dry and water- and glycerin-submerged) and time (25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 minutes) of postpolymerization methods with and without artificial aging procedures on the fracture resistance and flexural strength of an additively manufactured interim material. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bar specimens (25×2×2 mm) were manufactured from an interim resin (NexDent C&B MFH N1) with a 3-dimensional printer (NexDent 5100) as per the manufacturer's recommendations. Three groups were created based on the postpolymerization condition: dry (D group) and submerged in a container with water (W group) or glycerin (G group) inside the ultraviolet polymerization machine (LC-3DPrint Box). Each group was divided into 5 subgroups (D1 to D5, W1 to W5, and G1 to G5) depending on the polymerizing time (25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 minutes) (n=20). Each subgroup was divided into nonaged and aged subgroups. The aged groups were treated in a mastication simulator. Fracture strength was measured on a universal testing machine. The flexural strength was calculated as per International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10477-2018. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test demonstrated that data were normally distributed. The 3-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the data (α=.05). RESULTS A significant main effect was found on the fracture strength analysis for each of the 3 factors: postpolymerization condition (F[2, 449]=81.00, P<.001), treatment duration (F[4, 449]=2.84, P=.024), and aging procedure (F [1, 449] =7.62, P=.006). The only significant 2-way interaction was between postpolymerization condition and treatment duration (F[8, 449]=3.12, P=.002). Furthermore, a significant main effect was found on the flexural strength for each of the 3 factors including postpolymerization condition (F[2, 449]=82.55, P<.001), treatment duration (F[4, 449]=2.85, P=.024), and artificial aging procedure (F[1, 449]=6.72, P=.010). The only significant 2-way interaction was between postpolymerization condition and treatment duration (F[8, 449]=3.33, P=.001). Dry postconditions at 25 minutes and nonaged procedures obtained the significantly highest fracture resistance and flexural strength values. CONCLUSIONS Postpolymerization conditions and duration time affected the fracture resistance and flexural strength of the additively manufactured interim material assessed. Artificial aging procedures significantly decreased the fracture resistance and flexural strength of the additively manufactured interim dental material.
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Wu J, Xie H, Sadr A, Chung KH. Evaluation of Internal Fit and Marginal Adaptation of Provisional Crowns Fabricated with Three Different Techniques. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21030740. [PMID: 33499198 PMCID: PMC7865833 DOI: 10.3390/s21030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different techniques have been used to construct provisional crowns to protect prepared teeth. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the internal fit and marginal discrepancy of provisional crowns made by different methods. A total of 48 provisional crowns were constructed and divided into three groups (n = 16) according to the fabrication methods: fabricated manually-group MAN; computer-aided design/computer aided manufacturing technology-group CAM; and 3-dimensional (3D)-printed technology-group 3DP. The same standard tessellation language (STL) file was used for both CAD/CAM and 3D-printed group. The silicone-checked method was used to measure the internal gap distance. The marginal discrepancy was measured by using the polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) replica method and swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning technique. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests at α = 0.05. At the central pit and axial walls, the gap distance mean values of group CAM were higher than those from group MAN and 3DP. The group 3DP was statistically significantly higher in gap distance at the location of occlusion than group MAN and group CAM (p < 0.05). The total gap distances assessed by silicone-checked method revealed there were no statistically significant differences between the tested groups (p > 0.05). The total mean values of absolute and horizontal marginal discrepancy of the group 3DP obtained by using the PVS-replica method and OCT scanning technique were significantly higher than the group MAN and CAM (p < 0.05). Regression correlation results of marginal discrepancy indicated a positive correlation (r = 0.902) between PVS-replica method and OCT scanning technique. The manually fabricated provisional crowns presented better internal fit and a smaller marginal discrepancy. Between different assessment techniques for marginal adaptation, PVS-replica method and OCT scanning technique have a positive correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Shandong Medical College, 6 Jucai Rd, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China;
| | - Hongjun Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Linyi People’s Hospital, 27 Jiefang Road, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China;
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Box 357456, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA;
| | - Kwok-Hung Chung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Box 357456, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-2-065-435-948
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Della Bona A, Cantelli V, Britto VT, Collares KF, Stansbury JW. 3D printing restorative materials using a stereolithographic technique: a systematic review. Dent Mater 2021; 37:336-350. [PMID: 33353734 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present through a systematic review a qualitative analysis of studies published on stereolithography-based 3D printing of restorative materials and their clinical applicability. METHODS The literature search was conducted based on the question: "What is the state-of-the-art of available restorative materials for 3D printing based on stereolithography?" Online search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) with no restriction for year of publication. Data are reported based on PRISMA, including publication details such as authors and their countries, year and journal of publication, and study design. The synthesis is focused on describing the dental restorative materials and properties evaluated, applied methods, 3D printers used and clinical applicability. RESULTS Studies that fit the inclusion criteria were performed in Asia (21), Europe (16) and USA (10), mostly using polymer-based restorative materials (38) for 3D printing constructs. Stereolithographic-printed ceramic-based restorative structures were evaluated by 9 studies. Many studies reported on dimensional accuracy (14), strength (11) and surface morphology (9) of the printed structures. Antibacterial response, cytotoxicity, internal and marginal fit, fracture and wear resistance, density, viscosity, elastic modulus, hardness, structural shrinkage and reliability, degree of conversion, layer cure depth, fatigue, and color were also evaluated by the included studies. Many of them (11) published a proof of concept as an attempt to demonstrate the clinical feasibility and applicability of the technology to print restorative materials, but only 5 studies actually applied the 3D printed restorative structures in patients, which highlights an increasing interest but limited early-stage translation. SIGNIFICANCE The fast expansion of stereolithographic-based 3D printing has been impressive and represents a great technological progress with significant disruptive potential. Dentistry has demonstrated an incredible willingness to adapt materials, methods and workflows to this promising digital technology. However, esthetic appearance, wear resistance, wet strength and dimensional accuracy are the main current clinical limitations restricting the progression to functional part production with 3D printing, which may explain the absence of clinical trials and reports on permanent/definitive dental restorative materials and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Della Bona
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR285, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Cantelli
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR285, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor T Britto
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR285, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Kaue F Collares
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR285, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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