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Brazendale K, Gurnurkar S, Hunt ET, Burkart S, Armstrong B, Weaver RG, Beets MW, Sikder A, McClean C. Free Summer Day Camp to Address Childhood Obesity: Is There Demand? Child Obes 2023; 19:560-564. [PMID: 36315438 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Children from low-income households, and who are overweight or obese (OWOB), are at risk of accelerated weight gain during summer. Summer day camps (SDCs) have the potential to mitigate accelerated weight gain during summer as these settings can positively influence children's obesogenic behaviors (i.e., increase physical activity); however, barriers exist to attending, most notably cost. Little is known on whether low-income caregivers of children with OWOB would be interested in having their child attend SDC for free. Caregivers (n = 109, 82% mother respondents, >75% Medicaid and Minority Household) with a child attending pediatric endocrinology clinics completed a one-page survey to explore demand. Approximately 66% of respondents expressed interest for their child to attend SDC for free. Providing free SDC for children with OWOB and from low-income households is a possible strategy to tackle childhood obesity during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Ethan T Hunt
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Burkart
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Aniqa Sikder
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Carina McClean
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Examining adolescents' obesogenic behaviors on structured days: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:466-475. [PMID: 34987203 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structured days hypothesis posits that 'structured days' (i.e., days with pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environments) reduce youth obesogenic behaviors. Structured days may be especially important for adolescents', as adolescence (12-19 years) is a period of developmental milestones and increased autonomy. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between structured days and adolescents' obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet, screen time, and/or sleep). METHODS From February to April of 2020, four databases (i.e., Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychINfo) were searched for cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention (i.e., baseline data only) studies reporting obesogenic behaviors on more structured versus less structured days (i.e., weekday versus weekend or school year versus summer/holiday). RESULTS A total of 42,878 unique titles and abstracts were screened with 2767 full-text articles retrieved. After review of full-text articles, 296 studies were identified (sleep k = 147, physical activity k = 88, screen time k = 81, diet k = 8). Most studies were conducted in North America, Europe & Central Asia, or East Asia & the Pacific used self-report measures and compared school days to weekend days. Meta-analyses indicated that adolescents' physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.25 [95%CI - 0.48, -0.03]) and screen time (SMD = -0.48 [95%CI - 0.66, -0.29]) were less healthy on less structured days. Differences did not reach statistical significance for sleep (SMD = -0.23 [95%CI - 0.48, 0.02]) and diet (SMD = -0.13 [95%CI - 0.77, 0.51]), however, sleep timing (SMD = -1.05 [95%CI - 1.31, -0.79]) and diet quantity (SMD = -0.29 [95%CI - 0.35, -0.23]) were less healthy on less structured days. The review identified studies with large heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that adolescents' physical activity, screen time, sleep timing, and diet quantity are less healthy on less structured days. Interventions for adolescents to prevent and treat obesity may be more successful if they are designed to target times that are less structured.
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Burkart S, Parker H, Weaver RG, Beets MW, Jones A, Adams EL, Chaput J, Armstrong B. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elementary schoolers' physical activity, sleep, screen time and diet: A quasi-experimental interrupted time series study. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12846. [PMID: 34409754 PMCID: PMC8420216 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 school closures pose a threat to children's wellbeing, but no COVID-19-related studies have assessed children's behaviours over multiple years . OBJECTIVE To examine children's obesogenic behaviours during spring and summer of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous data collected from the same children during the same calendar period in the 2 years prior. METHODS Physical activity and sleep data were collected via Fitbit Charge-2 in 231 children (7-12 years) over 6 weeks during spring and summer over 3 years. Parents reported their child's screen time and dietary intake via a survey on 2-3 random days/week. RESULTS Children's behaviours worsened at a greater rate following the pandemic onset compared to pre-pandemic trends. During pandemic spring, sedentary behaviour increased (+79 min; 95% CI = 60.6, 97.1) and MVPA decreased (-10 min, 95% CI = -18.2, -1.1) compared to change in previous springs (2018-2019). Sleep timing shifted later (+124 min; 95% CI = 112.9, 135.5). Screen time (+97 min, 95% CI = 79.0, 115.4) and dietary intake increased (healthy: +0.3 foods, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.5; unhealthy: +1.2 foods, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.5). Similar patterns were observed during summer. CONCLUSIONS Compared to pre-pandemic measures, children's PA, sedentary behaviour, sleep, screen time, and diet were adversely altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This may ultimately exacerbate childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Burkart
- Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Hannah Parker
- Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - R. Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael W. Beets
- Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alexis Jones
- Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Elizabeth L. Adams
- Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Jean‐Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
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Brazendale K, Rayan S, Eisenstein D, Blankenship M, Rey A, Garcia J, Odahowski CL, Leon A. Obesogenic Behaviors of Rural Children on School and Nonschool Days. Child Obes 2021; 17:483-492. [PMID: 34129374 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Children living in rural areas are at increased risk of overweight and obesity compared with their urban-dwelling counterparts. The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary evidence of rural children's obesogenic behaviors (e.g., activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and diet) during school days, nonschool weekdays, and weekend days. Methods: A repeated measures 14-day observational study was conducted early March 2020. Children (n = 54, 92% 6-11 years old; 66% female; 98% non-Hispanic white; 22% overweight or obese) wore accelerometers on the nondominant wrist for 24 hours/day for 14 consecutive days to capture moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, and sleep. Parents completed diaries to report daily activities, diet, and screen time of their child each day. Mixed effect models compared behaviors between school days, nonschool weekdays, and weekend days. Results: Children accumulated +16 additional minutes/day of MVPA (95% confidence interval, CI: +10 to +23 minutes/day), reduced sedentary time (-68 minutes/day, 95% CI: -84 to -51 minutes/day), and reduced screen time (-99 minutes/day; 95% CI: -117 to -81 minutes/day) on school days vs. nonschool weekdays. Similar patterns were observed on school weekdays days vs. weekend days, and on nonschool days when children attended a structured program vs. days they did not attend. Minimal differences were observed in reported consumption of food groups across different days. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests rural children display multiple unfavorable obesogenic behaviors on days when they do not attend school or other structured programs. Future interventions targeting obesogenic behaviors of rural children may want to target times when rural children are not engaged in school and "school-like" environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Serena Rayan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Eisenstein
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michael Blankenship
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Alejandra Rey
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jeanette Garcia
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Cassie L Odahowski
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ana Leon
- School of Social Work, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Cerrato-Carretero P, Roncero-Martín R, Pedrera-Zamorano JD, López-Espuela F, Puerto-Parejo LM, Sánchez-Fernández A, Canal-Macías ML, Moran JM, Lavado-García JM. Long-Term Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions in the School Setting and Their Effects on BMI in Children Aged 6-12 Years: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:396. [PMID: 33916088 PMCID: PMC8066711 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventive actions and potential obesity interventions for children are mainly researched throughout the school period, either as part of the school curricula or after regular school hours, via interventions mostly lasting less than 12 months. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis on randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate the evidence of the efficacy of long-term school-based interventions in the management of childhood obesity in terms of BMI from a dietary and physical activity-based approach. Eleven randomized controlled clinical trials were examined using the random effects model, and the results showed that there were no significant effects associated with physical activity + nutrition intervention in school children aged 6-12 years, with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% CI) of -0.00 (-0.05, 0.04). No effects were observed after subgroup analysis based on the intervention length. The findings from our study indicate that long-term school-based interventions on physical activity and dietary habits received by children aged 6-12 years seem to have no effect on BMI. However, the promotion of such interventions should not be discouraged, as they promote additional positive health outcomes for other domains of children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Cerrato-Carretero
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (P.C.-C.); (R.R.-M.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (F.L.-E.); (L.M.P.-P.); (M.L.C.-M.); (J.M.L.-G.)
| | - Raúl Roncero-Martín
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (P.C.-C.); (R.R.-M.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (F.L.-E.); (L.M.P.-P.); (M.L.C.-M.); (J.M.L.-G.)
| | - Juan D. Pedrera-Zamorano
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (P.C.-C.); (R.R.-M.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (F.L.-E.); (L.M.P.-P.); (M.L.C.-M.); (J.M.L.-G.)
| | - Fidel López-Espuela
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (P.C.-C.); (R.R.-M.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (F.L.-E.); (L.M.P.-P.); (M.L.C.-M.); (J.M.L.-G.)
| | - Luis M. Puerto-Parejo
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (P.C.-C.); (R.R.-M.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (F.L.-E.); (L.M.P.-P.); (M.L.C.-M.); (J.M.L.-G.)
| | | | - María Luz Canal-Macías
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (P.C.-C.); (R.R.-M.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (F.L.-E.); (L.M.P.-P.); (M.L.C.-M.); (J.M.L.-G.)
| | - Jose M. Moran
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (P.C.-C.); (R.R.-M.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (F.L.-E.); (L.M.P.-P.); (M.L.C.-M.); (J.M.L.-G.)
| | - Jesus M. Lavado-García
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (P.C.-C.); (R.R.-M.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (F.L.-E.); (L.M.P.-P.); (M.L.C.-M.); (J.M.L.-G.)
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