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Strumpf M, Marion I, AlQahtani S, da Fonseca MA, Nicholas CL. Comparing the relative influence of obesity and ancestry on timing of dental development. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26 Suppl 1:92-97. [PMID: 36912715 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dentition is one of the most accurate features for age estimation in children. However, there is some evidence that timing of dental development varies across populations. Recent research suggests that dental development may also be susceptible to influence by environmental factors, such as obesity. Given that there are also population differences in average body mass, it is possible that this may be a confounding variable that was not accounted for in prior work. We aim to compare the relative association between body mass index (BMI) and ancestry with timing of dental development. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional chart review was undertaken using panoramic radiographs of 6- to 12-year-olds (n = 281). Age, ancestry, sex, height, and weight were obtained. Dental development was assessed using the Demirjian method, and chronological age was subtracted from estimated dental age to determine relative timing of dental development (ΔAge). BMI was calculated based upon recorded height/weight within 6 months of time of radiograph. RESULTS We found no difference in timing of dental development (accelerated/delayed) across ancestry groups (African-American, Euro-American, Hispanic, Asian; P = .15). Overweight/obese subjects had statistically significantly advanced (precocious) dental development (P < .001). Compared to normal-weight subjects, children who were overweight's age were overestimated by 5.76 months (0.48 years) and children with obesity by 5.97 months (0.49 years) on average. CONCLUSIONS BMI appears to have a greater impact on relative timing of dental development than ancestry in this population. Our results support other findings that obesity results in accelerated growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Strumpf
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ian Marion
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sakher AlQahtani
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcio A da Fonseca
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christina L Nicholas
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Reginaldo I, Fernandes IAM, Nuernberg GN, Bastos JL. Race in public health dentistry: a critical review of the literature. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 56:57. [PMID: 35766786 PMCID: PMC9239422 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To carry out a critical review of the literature on the use of race, color, and ethnicity in the field of public health dentistry. METHODS A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed for articles published between 2014 and 2019. Using a data extraction form, we collected information on (1) bibliographic characteristics of the selected papers; (2) race, color, and ethnicity of the study participants and their sociodemographic profiles; and (3) the extent to which the original publications followed the recommendations by Kaplan and Bennett (2003) on the use of race, color, or ethnicity in biomedical research. RESULTS Our initial search identified 2,032 articles, 53 of which were selected for full-text examination and assessment following pre-established eligibility criteria. Around 60% (n = 32) of the included studies did not justify the use of race, color, or ethnicity in their analyses, and 9% (n = 5) took these variables as indicators of the participants’ genetic makeup. On the other hand, 68% (n = 36) of the reviewed papers considered race, color, and ethnicity as risk markers – not risk factors – for adverse oral health outcomes, whereas 80% (n = 42) adjusted racial/ethnic inequities for a range of socioeconomic and demographic factors in statistical models. Only one study (2%) explicitly took race, color, or ethnicity as a contextually dependent dimension of the participants’ identities. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that research on oral health inequities is often based on reductionist and stigmatizing conceptions of race, color, or ethnicity. Such harmful misconceptions should be replaced with anti-racist narratives in order to effectively address racial oral health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Reginaldo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Saúde Pública. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | | | | | - João Luiz Bastos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Saúde Pública. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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Eruption Timing and Sequence of Primary Teeth in a Sample of Romanian Children. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030606. [PMID: 35328159 PMCID: PMC8947037 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Teething is considered a significant event in the growth and development of the child by parents and especially by paediatric dentists and forensic scientists. They constantly need an “up-to-date mirror” of its variability for different geographic regions. The aims of the current study were to determine the timing and sequence of primary tooth emergence, and to establish a correlation between tooth eruption and general growth and external parameters in a sample of Romanian children. This study included 70 healthy children (53% girls and 47% boys), and the analysed data resulted from the questionnaires completed by parents during the whole process. General and specific data on primary teeth eruption were obtained. The differences between sexes were insignificant, except for the maxillary and mandibular canines (p = 0.047 and p = 0.018) and lower temporary second molars (p < 0.001), which were significantly increased in boys. The differences found between the two hemiarches were insignificant (p = 0.197). The mean age of eruption of the first tooth erupted was 7.07 ± 1.990 months. The unpaired t-test was used for comparison of the timings of eruption of the first primary teeth, according to the number of previous births and type of diet, and it was insignificant (p = 0.665 and p = 0.983 respectively).
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Brega AG, Johnson RL, Schmiege SJ, Wilson AR, Jiang L, Albino J. Pathways Through Which Health Literacy Is Linked to Parental Oral Health Behavior in an American Indian Tribe. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:1144-1155. [PMID: 33830175 PMCID: PMC8557384 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health literacy (HL) is the "ability to find, understand, evaluate and put information to use to improve decision making and, ultimately, improve health and quality of life." Parents with limited HL are less likely to follow recommended parental oral health behaviors. PURPOSE We tested a theoretical framework designed to clarify mechanisms through which HL may influence parental oral health behavior. The framework proposed that HL: (a) has a direct effect on parental oral health knowledge, beliefs (i.e. self-efficacy; perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers), and behavior; (b) influences beliefs indirectly through knowledge; and (c) influences behavior indirectly through knowledge and beliefs. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from a randomized controlled trial designed to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 521). Parents completed survey questions assessing sociodemographic characteristics, HL, and parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behavior. Path analysis was used to test the framework. RESULTS HL exerted significant direct effects on knowledge and beliefs but not behavior. HL had significant indirect effects on all beliefs through knowledge. Significant indirect effects of HL on behavior occurred through self-efficacy (estimate: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.42, 1.83, p = .005), perceived barriers (estimate: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.29, 1.43, p = .010), knowledge to self-efficacy (estimate: 0.57, 95% CI: .31, 0.98, p = .001), and knowledge to perceived barriers (estimate: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.47, p = .012). CONCLUSIONS HL exerted an indirect effect on parental oral health behavior, with knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers being the primary constructs linking HL to behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela G Brega
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel L Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah J Schmiege
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne R Wilson
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Judith Albino
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Silveira ERD, Cademartori MG, Ardenghi TM, Silveira MF, Barros FC, Azevedo MS, Demarco FF. Wich factors influencing the number of teeth at 12 months of age: a birth cohort study. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e059. [PMID: 34076186 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify, through a longitudinal follow-up, the pre-, peri- and postnatal factors associated with the eruption of deciduous teeth. The study was nested in a Birth Cohort Study conducted in Pelotas, a Southern Brazilian city. Mothers were followed prenatally and their children were followed-up perinatally, at 3 and 12 months of age. The outcome was the number of teeth at 12 months, and exploratory variables included maternal habits and characteristics, anthropometric measures of children and mothers, and socioeconomic and demographic information. Data were collected through interviews with the mother and children's clinical exam. Poisson regression models were used for the analysis. Participants included 4,014 children with a mean number of erupted teeth at 12 months of 5.50. After adjustments, a lower mean number of teeth was observed in children from non-white mothers, early preterm children, and shorter children at birth and at 12 months. A higher number of teeth was observed for mothers with excessive weight gain during pregnancy, mothers who smoked during pregnancy, weightier children at birth and at 12 months, and for children with larger heads at birth and at 12 months. Our findings suggest that maternal and children characteristics influenced primary tooth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Celso Barros
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Medical School, Department of Epidemiology, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Sousa Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Brega AG, Johnson RL, Jiang L, Wilson AR, Schmiege SJ, Albino J. Influence of Parental Health Literacy on Change over Time in the Oral Health of American Indian Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115633. [PMID: 34070347 PMCID: PMC8197463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In cross-sectional studies, parental health literacy (HL) is associated with children’s oral health. It is unclear, however, whether HL influences pediatric outcomes. We examined the relationship of HL with change over time in parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors, as well as pediatric oral health outcomes. We used longitudinal data from a study designed to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 579). At baseline and annually for three years, parents answered questions assessing HL; oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors; and pediatric oral health status. The number of decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) was computed based on annual dental evaluations. Linear mixed models showed that HL was significantly associated with all constructs, except dmfs, at their reference time points and persistently across the three-year study period. HL predicted change over time in only one variable, parents’ belief that children’s oral health is determined by chance or luck. HL is strongly associated with oral health knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and status prospectively but is not a key driver of change over time in these oral health constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela G. Brega
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-1470
| | - Rachel L. Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.L.J.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Anne R. Wilson
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Sarah J. Schmiege
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.L.J.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Judith Albino
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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What Is the Health Care Burden of Treating Pediatric Dental Infections on an Inpatient Basis? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:343-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lewis CW. Teeth: Small but Mighty and Mighty Important. A Comprehensive Review of Children's Dental Health for Primary Care Clinicians. Curr Pediatr Rev 2020; 16:215-231. [PMID: 32108010 DOI: 10.2174/1573396316666200228093248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Healthy teeth allow us to eat and stay well-nourished. Although primary care clinicians receive limited training about teeth, given the common nature of dental problems, it is important that they understand and recognize normal and abnormal dental conditions and can implement primary and secondary prevention of dental conditions in their practice. PubMed has been used to search the scientific literature for evidence on the following topics: normal dental development, dental abnormalities, malocclusion, teething, dental caries and related epidemiology and prevention, fluoride, dental injury and its management and prevention; and identification, prevention and treatment of gingivitis and periodontal disease. Literature review relied on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and Cochrane reviews when relevant and available. Other sources of evidence included cohort and case-control studies. Consensus statements and expert opinion were used when there was a paucity of high-quality research studies. The literature has been synthesized on these topics to make them relevant to pediatric primary care clinicians, and as available, the strength of evidence has been characterized when making clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte W Lewis
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine,Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wu H, Chen T, Ma Q, Xu X, Xie K, Chen Y. Associations of maternal, perinatal and postnatal factors with the eruption timing of the first primary tooth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2645. [PMID: 30804498 PMCID: PMC6390108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We recruited 1296 mothers in their first trimester from the Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between May 2014 and September 2015 to investigate the associations of maternal, perinatal and postnatal factors with the eruption timing of the first primary tooth (ETFPT) in a Chinese population. We collected maternal demographic information and clinical data during the perinatal and postnatal period, and oral examinations of the infants were performed by a doctor at 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant explanatory variables for ETFPT. The mean age at eruption of the first primary tooth for all the infants was 6.82 ± 1.90 months. After adjustment for confounders, higher maternal childbearing age (β = 0.57; 95%CI = 0.13–1.02), female sex (β = 0.26; 95%CI = 0.07–0.52), and low birth weight (β = 0.98; 95%CI = 0.20–1.76) were significantly associated with delayed eruption of the first primary tooth, while macrosomia (β = −0.79; 95%CI = −1.30–−0.28) was significantly associated with earlier eruption of the first primary tooth. Maternal childbearing age, infant sex and infant birth weight were significant determinants of ETFPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Wu
- Department of Polyclinics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Polyclinics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiangqin Xu
- Department of Polyclinics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China. .,Department of Women Health Care, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China. .,State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Yaming Chen
- Department of Polyclinics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Masterova IV, Gabrielyan IK, Khvan VI. [The ethnic factor in dentistry as a component of personalized medicine]. STOMATOLOGIIA 2019; 98:108-112. [PMID: 31701939 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201998051108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is the choice of treatment based on the individual characteristics of the patient due to genetic and environmental factors. The latter are to a certain degree determined by an ethnic group. This article discusses ethnic aspects in the structure of the maxillofacial area, the prevalence, development, treatment and prevention of dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Masterova
- Peoples' Frendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - V I Khvan
- Peoples' Frendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Comparison of dental maturation in Hong Kong Chinese and United Kingdom Caucasian populations. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 292:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Together with other social categories, race has been at the core of much scholarly work in the area of humanities and social sciences, as well as a host of applied disciplines. In dentistry, debates have ranged from the use of race as a criterion for the recommendation of specific dental procedures to a means of assessing inequalities in a variety of outcomes. What is missing in these previous discussions, though, is a broader understanding of race that transcends relations with genetic makeup and other individual-level characteristics. In this review, we provide readers with a critique of the existing knowledge on race and oral health by answering the following 3 guiding questions: (1) What concepts and ideas are connected with race in the field of dentistry? (2) What can be learned and what is absent from the existing literature on the topic? (3) How can we enhance research and policy on racial inequalities in oral health? Taken together, the reviewed studies rely either on biological distinctions between racial categories or on other individual characteristics that may underlie racial disparities in oral health. Amidst a range of individual-level factors, racial inequalities have often been attributed to lower socioeconomic status and “health-damaging” cultural traits, for instance, patterns of and reasons for dental visits, dietary habits, and oral hygiene behaviors. While this literature has been useful in documenting large and persistent racial gaps in oral health, wider sociohistorical processes, such as systemic racism, as well as their relationships with economic exploitation, social stigmatization, and political marginalization, have yet to be operationalized among studies on the topic. A nascent body of research has recently begun to address some of these factors, but limited attention to structural theories of racism means that many more studies are needed to effectively mitigate racial health differentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Bastos
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - R.K. Celeste
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Y.C. Paradies
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Australia
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Dawson DV, Blanchette DR, Douglass JM, Tinanoff N, Kramer KWO, Warren JJ, Phipps KR, Starr DE, Marshall TA, Mabry TR, Pagan-Rivera K, Banas JA, Drake DR. Evidence of Early Emergence of the Primary Dentition in a Northern Plains American Indian Population. JDR Clin Trans Res 2018; 3:161-169. [PMID: 29568802 DOI: 10.1177/2380084418756054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to describe primary tooth emergence in an American Indian (AI) population during the first 36 mo of life to compare 1) patterns of emergence between male and female children and 2) tooth emergence between these AI children and other U.S. ethnic groups. Data were derived from a birth cohort of 239 AI children from a Northern Plains tribe participating in a longitudinal study of early childhood caries, with examination data at target ages of 8, 12, 16, 22, 28, and 36 mo of age (±1 mo). Patterns of emergence in AI children were characterized and sex comparisons accomplished with interval-censored survival methodology. Numbers of erupted teeth in AI children at each age were compared via Kruskal-Wallis tests against those in children of the same age, as drawn from a cross-sectional study of dental caries patterns in Arizona; these comparisons were based on the dental examinations of 547 White non-Hispanic and 677 Hispanic children. Characterization of time to achievement of various milestones-including emergence of the anterior teeth, the first molars, and the complete primary dentition-provided no evidence of sex differences among AI children. AI children had significantly more teeth present at 8 mo (median, 3) than either White non-Hispanic (P < 0.0063) or Hispanic (P < 0.0001) children (median, 2 each). This was also true at 12 mo (P < 0.001; medians, 8 vs. 6 and 7, respectively) and 16 mo (P < 0.001; medians, 12 vs. 11 each). Less pronounced differences were seen at 22 mo (P < 0.0001). White non-Hispanic and Hispanic children did not differ at any time considered (P > 0.05). These results provide evidence of earlier tooth emergence in AI children than in the other 2 ethnicities. Although the underlying etiology of the severity of early childhood caries in AI children is likely to be multifactorial, earlier tooth emergence may be a contributing factor. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this study have practical implications for practitioners providing childhood oral health care to ethnic groups with early tooth emergence. It may be important to provide parents with information on toothbrushing, dentist visits, and other practices supportive of good oral health as early as possible to protect their children's primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Dawson
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D R Blanchette
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J M Douglass
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - N Tinanoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - J J Warren
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - K R Phipps
- Oral Health Surveillance Consultant, Morro Bay, CA, USA
| | | | - T A Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - T R Mabry
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K Pagan-Rivera
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J A Banas
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D R Drake
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Alnemer KA, Pani SC, Althubaiti AM, Bawazeer M. Impact of birth characteristics, breast feeding and vital statistics on the eruption of primary teeth among healthy infants in Saudi Arabia: an observational study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018621. [PMID: 29248886 PMCID: PMC5778285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the impact of gender, birth weight, maternal age, type of delivery, gestational age and feeding practices on the eruption of teeth in children with no underlying medical conditions or developmental defects in their first year of life. DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study design was used. SETTING A primary healthcare setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS All children in their first year of life attending a vaccination clinic (n=422) were included in the study. Infants with chronic childhood illnesses, those who were below the 5th percentile in height or weight, infants with congenital birth defects and chronic illnesses, infants who were born preterm and low birth weight infants were excluded from the study. OUTCOME MEASURES The type of delivery, birth weight, age of mother, height and weight percentile for age (as plotted on the WHO growth chart for infants) and feeding practices were recorded by the examiner, and this was followed by a clinical examination to determine the presence or absence of each tooth. Regression models were developed to determine the effect of the different variables on the presence of primary teeth. RESULTS There was a significant association between the weight percentile of the child (adjusted for age) and the number of erupted primary teeth, suggesting that heavier children have an earlier eruption of teeth. No association was observed between birth weight, height percentile for age or maternal age at the time of birth and the number of erupted primary teeth. Children who were exclusively breast fed were significantly more likely to have an erupted first primary tooth earlier than non-breastfed group. CONCLUSIONS Breast feeding and the weight of the child may have an influence on the eruption of primary teeth in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Abdullah Alnemer
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharat Chandra Pani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M Althubaiti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Bawazeer
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Albino J, Batliner TS, Tiwari T. Preventing Caries in American Indian Children: Lost Battle or New Hope? JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 2:406-409. [PMID: 28944293 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417725690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge Transfer Statement: Preventing early childhood caries in American Indian children has proved to be an unexpectedly challenging goal. Biological and behavioral variables, as well as parental psychosocial characteristics and experiences, suggest new routes for understanding and mitigating the progress of disease. We provide our reflections after a decade of studying these issues in collaboration with tribal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Albino
- Center for Native Oral Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - T S Batliner
- Center for Native Oral Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - T Tiwari
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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