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Sánchez-Sánchez LC, Franco C, Amutio A, García-Silva J, González-Hernández J. Influence of Mindfulness on Levels of Impulsiveness, Moods and Pre-Competition Anxiety in Athletes of Different Sports. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060898. [PMID: 36981555 PMCID: PMC10048023 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Training in emotional regulation skills is one of the most important resources for the adaptation of athletes to contexts of sports pressure, especially during competitions. This study explored the effects of a mindfulness programme (Flow Meditation) on levels of impulsivity, mood and pre-competition anxiety-state in a sample of athletes (N = 41, 22.83 ± 5.62 years). Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (N = 21; 14 males and 7 females) which received the intervention over 10 weeks (a weekly session) and a control group (wait-list; N = 20; 13 males and 7 females). The variables under study were assessed through different questionnaires at pre- and post-test (T1-T2) in both groups. The mindfulness intervention was effective in reducing impulsivity (cognitive (t = -4.48, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.40), both motor (t = -4.03, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.20) and unplanned (t = -5.32, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.66)), mood (tension (t = -4.40, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.37), depression (t = -4.56, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.42), anger (t = -7.80, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.47), somatic anxiety (t = -5.28, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.65), and cognitive anxiety (t = -6.62, p ≤ 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.07) in the intervention group compared to the control group and with large to very large effect sizes. Mindfulness is a factor that enhances athletes' ability to cope with high sport pressure and the healthy management of competition (e.g., fear of failure), or with their daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty de Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, 180071 Granada, Spain
| | - Clemente Franco
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento, S/N, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Alberto Amutio
- Department of Social Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 7591538, Chile
| | - Jaqueline García-Silva
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty de Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, 180071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan González-Hernández
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty de Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, 180071 Granada, Spain
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Wing RR, Howard MJ, Olson KL, Unick J, Chao AM, Wadden TA, Wagenknecht LE. Weight changes during the COVID-19 shutdown in older individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Look AHEAD Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:871-882. [PMID: 36478643 PMCID: PMC9878262 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were as follows: 1) examine weight changes in older adults (mean age = 76 years) with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity during the COVID-19 shutdown; and 2) compare the behavioral and psychosocial effects of the shutdown in those who had large weight losses (>5%), those who had small weight losses (2%-5%), those who remained weight stable (±2%), or those who gained weight (>2%). METHODS Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) participants (N = 2544) were surveyed during the COVID-19 shutdown (2020), and they self-reported their current weight, reasons for weight change, weight-related behaviors, psychosocial measures, and negative and positive effects of the pandemic on their lives. RESULTS Comparing self-reported weight during the COVID-19 shutdown with earlier measured weight, Look AHEAD participants lost, on average, 2.2 kg during the COVID-19 shutdown: 47% lost >2%, and only 18% gained >2% (p < 0.0001). Decreases in physical activity and increases in screen time were reported frequently in all weight-change categories. Similarly, there were few differences among the categories on standardized psychosocial measures or self-reported effects of the shutdown on participants' lives. However, when differences were seen, the most negative impact was in those who gained weight. CONCLUSIONS Although weight loss appeared more common than weight gain during the shutdown, the weight-change groups did not differ on most psychosocial and behavioral variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena R. Wing
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human behavior, Miriam HospitalProvidenceRI
| | - Marjorie J. Howard
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Public Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNC
| | - KayLoni L. Olson
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human behavior, Miriam HospitalProvidenceRI
| | - Jessica Unick
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human behavior, Miriam HospitalProvidenceRI
| | - Ariana M. Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health SciencesPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of PsychiatryPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Public Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNC
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Mesmer V, Gaudier-Diaz MM. A Versatile Psychoneuroimmunology Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2022; 21:A21-A27. [PMID: 38322050 PMCID: PMC10558232 DOI: 10.59390/owvw3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The Psychoneuroimmunology Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (PNI CURE) was designed with the purpose of engaging undergraduate students in research and discovery. As part of this experience, students were assigned to a team based on their personal interests. Each team selected a psychosocial variable of interest (e.g., sleep, belongingness, stress, or happiness) and identified two well-validated questionnaires to assess it. Then, student volunteers donated blood samples and completed student-selected questionnaires via Qualtrics. The blood samples were assayed by the course instructor for proinflammatory cytokines. With the collected data, students 1) evaluated the association between peripheral inflammation and their psychosocial variable of interest and 2) created hypotheses regarding inflammation in the brain. Students' experimental results were reported in the form of a research manuscript and scientific poster, both of which comprised 15 percent of their course grade. Further, to evaluate the effectiveness of the PNI CURE, students were asked to complete assessment surveys before and after project implementation. Assessment results demonstrate that participating in the PNI CURE increased self-efficacy and research identity among students. Besides exposing undergraduates at UNC-CH to a comprehensive research experience, we hope to inspire neuroscience educators to adopt and adapt the PNI CURE as a mechanism to broaden undergraduate research opportunities in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mesmer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Monica M. Gaudier-Diaz
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Marcelino V, Paço M, Dias A, Almeida V, Rocha JC, Azevedo R, Alves-Ferreira M, Lemos C, Pinho T. The Role of Pain Inflexibility and Acceptance among Headache and Temporomandibular Disorders Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:7974. [PMID: 35805650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and headache are complex. This study aims to assess the association between TMD, headache, and psychological dimensions such as psychological inflexibility and pain acceptance. The sample consisted of 120 participants following a non-probabilistic convenience sampling strategy through a direct invitation to the patients attending our facilities and their relatives (n = 61 diagnosed with headache, n = 34 diagnosed with TMD-headache, n = 25 control group). Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC-TMD), International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 beta version), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ-8), and Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) were used as assessment tools. One-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis (MRA), and the Johnson-Neyman approach were run by IBM SPSS, version 27 (IBM® Company, Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was 0.05. One third of our sample presented with headache with TMD. Females were predominant. Males with headache, no systemic disease, less pain severity but higher frequency, living longer with the disease and having sensitive changes, showed higher pain acceptance. When headache occurs with TMD, women with higher education, no headache family history, less pain, and no motor changes showed higher pain acceptance. Patients with both conditions are more liable to have chronic pain and pain inflexibility. Pain intensity and willingness explain 50% of the psychological inflexibility in the headache group. In our sample, individuals suffering from both conditions show greater pain inflexibility, implicating more vivid suffering experiences, leading to altered daily decisions and actions. However, further studies are needed to highlight this possible association.
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Novotný JS, Gonzalez‐Rivas JP, Medina‐Inojosa JR, Lopez‐Jimenez F, Geda YE, Stokin GB. Investigating cognition in midlife. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2021; 7:e12234. [PMID: 35005209 PMCID: PMC8719351 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We here posit that measurements of midlife cognition can be instructive in understanding cognitive disorders. Even though molecular events signal possible onset of cognitive disorders decades prior to their clinical diagnoses, cognition and its possible early changes in midlife remain poorly understood. We characterize midlife cognition in a cognitively healthy population-based sample using the Cogstate Brief Battery and test for associations with cardiovascular, adiposity-related, lifestyle-associated, and psychosocial variables. Learning and working memory showed significant variability and vulnerability to psychosocial influences in midlife. Furthermore, midlife aging significantly and progressively increased prevalence of suboptimal cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that physiological changes in cognition, measured with simple tests suitable for use in everyday clinical setting, may signal already in midlife the first clinical manifestations of the presymptomatic biologically defined cognitive disorders. This pilot study calls for longitudinal studies investigating midlife cognition to identify clinical correlates of biologically defined cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan S. Novotný
- Translational Aging and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research CentreSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Juan P. Gonzalez‐Rivas
- Kardiovize Study, International Clinical Research CentreSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Global Health and PopulationHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jose R. Medina‐Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Francisco Lopez‐Jimenez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yonas E. Geda
- Division of Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders ProgramDepartment of NeurologyBarrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Gorazd B. Stokin
- Translational Aging and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research CentreSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
- Translational Aging and Neuroscience ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Division of NeurologyUniversity Medical CentreLjubljanaSlovenia
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Ostendorf DM, Blankenship JM, Grau L, Arbet J, Mitchell NS, Creasy SA, Caldwell AE, Melanson EL, Phelan S, Bessesen DH, Catenacci VA. Predictors of long-term weight loss trajectories during a behavioral weight loss intervention: An exploratory analysis. Obes Sci Pract 2021; 7:569-582. [PMID: 34631135 PMCID: PMC8488452 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial interindividual variability in response to behavioral weight loss interventions remains a critical challenge in obesity treatment. An improved understanding of the complex factors that contribute to this variability may improve obesity treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVE To identify weight change trajectories during a behavioral weight loss intervention and to explore differences between trajectory groups in sociodemographic, biologic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. METHODS Adults (n = 170, 40 ± 9 years, BMI 34 ± 4 kg/m2, 84% female) participated in an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention. Weight was measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months. Among participants with at least two weights after baseline (n = 140), clusters of longitudinal trajectories of changes in weight were identified using a latent class growth mixture model. The association between baseline factors or changes in factors over time and trajectory group was examined. RESULTS Two weight change trajectories were identified: "weight regainers" (n = 91) and "weight loss maintainers" (n = 49). Black participants (90%, 19/21) were more likely than non-Black participants to be regainers versus maintainers (p < 0.01). Maintainers demonstrated greater increases in device-measured physical activity, autonomous motivation for exercise, diet self-efficacy, cognitive restraint, and engagement in weight management behaviors and greater reductions in barriers for exercise, disinhibition, and depressive symptoms over 24 months versus regainers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Maintainers and regainers appear to be distinct trajectories that are associated with specific sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. Study results suggest potential targets for more tailored, multifaceted interventions to improve obesity treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of MedicineAnschutz Health and Wellness CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Blankenship
- Department of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Laura Grau
- Department of Biostatistics and InformaticsColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Jaron Arbet
- Department of Biostatistics and InformaticsColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Nia S. Mitchell
- Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Seth A. Creasy
- Department of MedicineAnschutz Health and Wellness CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Ann E. Caldwell
- Department of MedicineAnschutz Health and Wellness CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Department of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Suzanne Phelan
- Department of Kinesiology & Public HealthCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Department of MedicineAnschutz Health and Wellness CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Department of MedicineAnschutz Health and Wellness CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
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Vallières A, Mérette C, Pappathomas A, Roy M, Bastien CH. Psychosocial Features of Shift Work Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070928. [PMID: 34356162 PMCID: PMC8306952 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand Shift Work Disorder (SWD), this study investigates insomnia, sleepiness, and psychosocial features of night workers. The study compares night workers with or without SWD to day workers with or without insomnia. Seventy-nine night workers and 40 day workers underwent diagnostic interviews for sleep disorders and for psychopathologies. They completed questionnaires and a sleep diary for 14 days. The design was observatory upon two factors: Work schedule (night, day work) and sleep (good sleep, SWD/insomnia). Two-way ANCOVAs were conducted on psychosocial variables, and effect size were calculated. The clinical approach chosen led to distinct groups of workers. Night workers slept several periods (main sleep period after work, naps, nights on days off). High total wake time and low total sleep time characterized sleep in SWD. Most night workers with SWD still complained of sleepiness after main sleep. Cognitive activation distinguished groups of night workers. All other differences in psychosocial variables between night workers groups were similar to, but smaller than, the ones between day workers. The evaluation of SWD should consider all sleep periods of night workers with particular attention to self-reported total wake time, state sleepiness, and level of cognitive activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Vallières
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.P.); (M.R.); (C.H.B.)
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, QC G1E 1T2, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1L 3L5, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Chantal Mérette
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, QC G1E 1T2, Canada;
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alric Pappathomas
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.P.); (M.R.); (C.H.B.)
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, QC G1E 1T2, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Monica Roy
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.P.); (M.R.); (C.H.B.)
| | - Célyne H. Bastien
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.P.); (M.R.); (C.H.B.)
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, QC G1E 1T2, Canada;
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Contreras L, Cano-Lozano MC, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ, Simmons M. Editorial: Child-to-Parent Violence: Challenges and Perspectives in Current Society. Front Psychol 2021; 12:699072. [PMID: 34248802 PMCID: PMC8261278 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melanie Simmons
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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Lu CH, Van Blyderveen S, Yu ZM, Vanstone M, Biringer A, Sword W, Schmidt L, McDonald SD. A goal set too high: factors associated with planning excess gestational weight gain in a prospective cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7865-7873. [PMID: 34139930 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1937988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to understand physical, knowledge, psychological, and lifestyle factors associated with planned excess gestational weight gain (GWG), a strong and potentially modifiable predictor of actual excess GWG, which contributes to maternal and child obesity along with other adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study where women completed a questionnaire in early pregnancy. Women were asked to report their planned GWG, which was then categorized as above, within, or below the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify variables associated with planned excess GWG. RESULTS Of 970 women included in the analysis, 300 reported a planned GWG above the IOM guidelines. Predictors of excess planned GWG included reporting healthcare provider recommendations to gain weight above the guidelines (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 62.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.75-281.03), overestimating first trimester weight gain recommendations (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.21-2.77), believing in risks to the baby with inadequate GWG (aOR 2.16; 95% CI,1.29-3.60), inaccurate self-perceived prepregnancy body size (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.22-2.89), low or high emotional suppression (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.06-2.99; and aOR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.21-5.45, respectively), physical inactivity (aOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17), and overweight or obesity (aOR, 5.76; 95% CI, 3.70-8.98; and aOR, 11.46; 95% CI, 6.54-20.06, respectively). Protective factors against planned excess GWG included increased maternal age (aOR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99), and believing in risks to themselves with inadequate GWG (aOR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97) or believing in risks to the baby with excess GWG (aOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27-0.88). CONCLUSIONS Women with overweight or obesity are at greater risk of prospectively planning excess GWG, and may especially benefit from healthcare provider counseling on appropriate GWG. Other modifiable factors for planned excess GWG included knowledge about risks of inappropriate weight gain and physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Huilin Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sherry Van Blyderveen
- New Leaf Psychology Centre, Milton, Canada.,Eating Disorders Program at Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Canada
| | - Zhijie Michael Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Meredith Vanstone
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anne Biringer
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wendy Sword
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Louis Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sarah D McDonald
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Lu H, Xie C, Lian P, Yu C, Xie Y. Psychosocial Factors Predict the Level of Aggression of People with Drug Addiction: A Machine Learning Approach. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:1168-1175. [PMID: 33874841 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1910321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the relevant psychosocial factors that can predict the aggression in people with drug addiction. A total of 896 male participants (Meanage = 38.30 years) completed the survey. Gradient boosting regression, a machine learning algorithm, was used to find the relevant psychosocial variables, such as psychological security, psychological capital, interpersonal trust and alexithymia, that may be significantly related to aggressive behavior. Results showed that the five most important factors in the prediction of aggression are interpersonal trust, psychological security, psychological capital, parental conflict and alexithymia. A high level of interpersonal trust, psychological security and psychological capital can predict a low level of aggression in people with drug addiction, while a high level of parental conflict and alexithymia can predict a high level of aggression. Overall, the findings highlight the need to focus interventions according to the relation between these psychosocial factors and aggression in order to decrease violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuyin Xie
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peican Lian
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- School of Education, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Public Administration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Greenberg J, Mace RA, Bannon SM, Kulich RJ, Vranceanu AM. Mind-Body Activity Program for Chronic Pain: Exploring Mechanisms of Improvement in Patient-Reported, Performance-Based and Ambulatory Physical Function. J Pain Res 2021; 14:359-368. [PMID: 33574699 PMCID: PMC7872894 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s298212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving physical function among patients with chronic pain is critical for reducing disability and healthcare costs. However, mechanisms underlying improvement in patient-reported, performance-based, and ambulatory physical function in chronic pain remain poorly understood. PURPOSE To explore psychosocial mediators of improvement in patient-reported, performance-based, and objective/accelerometer-measured physical function among participants in a mind-body activity program. METHODS Individuals with chronic pain were randomized to one of two identical 10-week mind-body activity interventions aimed at improving physical function with (GetActive-Fitbit; N=41) or without (GetActive; N=41) a Fitbit device. They completed self-reported (WHODAS 2.0), performance-based (6-minute walk test), and objective (accelerometer-measured step-count) measures of physical function, as well as measures of kinesiophobia (Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale), mindfulness (CAMS-R), and pain resilience (Pain Resilience Scale) before and after the intervention. We conducted secondary data analyses to test mediation via mixed-effects modeline. RESULTS Improvements in patient-reported physical function were fully and uniquely mediated by kinesiophobia (Completely Standardized Indirect Effect (CSIE)=.18; CI=0.08, 0.30; medium-large effect size), mindfulness (CSIE=-.14; CI=-25, -.05; medium effect size) and pain resilience (CSIE=-.07; CI=-.16, -.005; small-medium effect size). Improvements in performance-based physical function were mediated only by kinesiophobia (CSIE=-.11; CI=-23, -.008; medium effect size). No measures mediated improvements in objective (accelerometer measured) physical function. CONCLUSION Interventions aiming to improve patient-reported physical function in patients with chronic pain may benefit from skills that target kinesiophobia, mindfulness, and pain resilience, while those focused on improving performance-based physical function should target primarily kinesiophobia. More research is needed to understand mechanisms of improvement in objective, accelerometer-measured physical function. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03412916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Greenberg
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan A Mace
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah M Bannon
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald J Kulich
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Cerami C, Canevelli M, Santi GC, Galandra C, Dodich A, Cappa SF, Vecchi T, Crespi C. Identifying Frail Populations for Disease Risk Prediction and Intervention Planning in the Covid-19 Era: A Focus on Social Isolation and Vulnerability. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:626682. [PMID: 34489745 PMCID: PMC8417585 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The early identification of fragile populations in the Covid-19 era would help governments to allocate resources and plan strategies to contain consequences of the pandemic. Beyond frailty, social vulnerability to environmental stressors, such as the social distancing enforced to reduce the SARS-CoV2 contagion, can modify long-term disease risk and induce health status changes in the general population. We assessed frailty and social vulnerability indices in 1,258 Italian residents during the first lockdown phase via an on-line survey. We compared indices taking into account age categories and gender. While frailty showed a linear increase with age and was greater in females than in males, social vulnerability was higher in young adults and elders compared to middle aged and older adults, and in males than females. Both frailty and social vulnerability contributed in explaining the individual perception of the impact of Covid-19 emergency on health, which was further influenced by proactive attitudes/behaviors and social isolation. Social isolation and loneliness following the Covid-19 outbreak may exert dramatic psychosocial effects in the general population. The early detection of vulnerable categories, at risk to become ill and develop long-lasting health status changes, would help to prevent consequences on general well-being by allocating resources to targeted interventions managing psychosocial distress and increasing young adults and elderly resilience toward the post-Covid-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cerami
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Canevelli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Galandra
- Neurogenetic Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dodich
- Center for Neurocognitive Rehabilitation - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Stefano F Cappa
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Dementia Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tomaso Vecchi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Cognitive Psychology Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Crespi
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Fajardo-Bullón F, Pérez-Mayo J, Esnaola I, Anderson I, Knutagård M. Influence of Psychosocial Variables on the Health of People Living in Housing Exclusion. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8983. [PMID: 33276637 PMCID: PMC7730692 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of some personal characteristics, health variables, and social support on the self-rated health of people in housing exclusion in Spain. For that purpose, we used the FOESSA Survey of Social Integration and Needs database, with a final sample of 1574 households. Being more educated and reporting a good life satisfaction stood out as the main factors preventing worse health status. Furthermore, results showed that being female, experiencing poverty-related food insecurity, not having health insurance, experiencing widowhood or partner bereavement, and having caring responsibilities for others or having a disabled person in the household are associated with increased reporting of regular or poor health. On the other hand, being young, having a diagnosed/long-term illness, and a big household size are preventive factors for good health. These results allowed identifying risk and prevention factors to inform interventions to improve the health of those living in housing exclusion. Promoting better education levels, social support, and overall life satisfaction could be important to improve health in this population. Developing social support policies for caring responsibilities and food insecurity must be a priority to improve the health of people living in housing exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fajardo-Bullón
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Mayo
- Department of Economics, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Igor Esnaola
- Department of Development and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa, 70, San Sebastián, 20018 Leioa, Spain
| | - Isobel Anderson
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;
| | - Marcus Knutagård
- School of Social Work, Lund University, Box 23, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
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14
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Toledano-Toledano F, Moral de la Rubia J, Nabors LA, Domínguez-Guedea MT, Salinas Escudero G, Rocha Pérez E, Luna D, Leyva López A. Predictors of Quality of Life among Parents of Children with Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040456. [PMID: 33153086 PMCID: PMC7712866 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality of life (QOL) is a key aspect of the health care process for children with chronic diseases and their families. Although clinical evidence regarding the impact of chronic disease on children exists, few studies have evaluated the effects of the interaction between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors on the family caregiver's QOL, indicating a significant gap in the research literature. The present study aimed to identify the predictors of the QOL of parents of children with chronic diseases. Three parental sociodemographic predictors (age, schooling, and family income) and four psychosocial predictors (family functioning, social support, depression, and resilience) were examined. In this cross-sectional study, 416 parents of children with chronic diseases who were hospitalized at a National Institute of Health in Mexico City were interviewed. The participants completed a sociodemographic variables questionnaire (Q-SV) designed for research on family caregivers of children with chronic disease. The predicted variable was assessed through the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. The four psychosocial predictors were assessed through the Family Functioning Scale, Social Support Networks Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Measurement Scale of Resilience. The regression model explained 42% of the variance in parents' QOL. The predictors with positive weights included age, schooling, monthly family income, family functioning, social support networks, and parental resilience. The predictors with negative weights included depression. These findings suggest that strong social relationships, a positive family environment, family cohesion, personal resilience, low levels of depression, and a family income twice the minimum wage are variables associated with better parental QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiberto Toledano-Toledano
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, National Institute of Health, Márquez 162, Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-8009-4677
| | - José Moral de la Rubia
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Carlos Canseco, 110, Esq. Aguirre Pequeño, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Mexico;
| | - Laura A. Nabors
- School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0068, USA;
| | - Miriam Teresa Domínguez-Guedea
- Department of Psychology and Communication Sciences, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales, Col. Centro S/N Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo Salinas Escudero
- Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, National Institute of Health, Márquez 162, Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Rocha Pérez
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (Senasica), Anillo Perif. 5010, Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - David Luna
- Comisión Nacional de Arbitraje Médico, Mitla No. 250-8° Piso, esq. Eje 5 Sur (Eugenia), Vertiz Narvarte, Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03020, Mexico;
| | - Ahidée Leyva López
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos 62100, Mexico;
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15
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Bennion K, Tate D, Muñoz-Christian K, Phelan S. Impact of an Internet-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Behavioral and Psychosocial Factors During Postpartum Weight Loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1860-1867. [PMID: 32888250 PMCID: PMC7511419 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cluster randomized trial tested whether an effective internet-based weight-loss intervention for low-income, postpartum women resulted in greater improvements in targeted social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs and psychosocial outcomes. METHODS Fit Moms/Mamás Activas was a 12-month cluster randomized controlled trial of 370 postpartum women at 12 Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, Children (WIC) clinics that were randomly assigned to intervention or standard WIC. SCT constructs (weight-control behaviors, cognitive restraint, disinhibition, self-efficacy, social support, body image) and psychosocial outcomes (depressive symptoms and stress) were measured at study entry and after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS The intervention versus standard WIC resulted in greater 12-month increases in weight-control behaviors (3.28 points [95% CI: 1.06-5.50]), self-monitoring of weight and eating (2.28 points [1.17-3.40]), and cognitive restraint (1.93 points [0.78-3.08]) (all P ≤ 0.004). The intervention effect was only modestly (ηp 2 = 0.02) mediated by improvements in these factors. No significant group by time effect was observed for disinhibition, self-efficacy, social support, body image, depressive symptoms, or stress. CONCLUSIONS Among low-income postpartum women, an effective internet-based weight-loss program resulted in improved weight-control behaviors and cognitive restraint but did not affect other SCT targets and psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bennion
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
| | - Deborah Tate
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Nutrition University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Karen Muñoz-Christian
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
- Department of World Languages and Cultures, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
| | - Suzanne Phelan
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
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16
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Javaras KN, Armstrong JM, Klein MH, Essex MJ, Davidson RJ, Goldsmith HH. Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Childhood Self-Regulation and Adolescent Adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1761-1769. [PMID: 32767554 PMCID: PMC7483948 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests that higher childhood self-regulation (CSR) predicts lower adiposity in adolescence. However, it is unclear whether this relationship differs by sex or by baseline weight status. Thus, this study investigated these questions in a longitudinal, community-based cohort. METHODS The cohort included 221 girls and 214 boys. At age 9, CSR was assessed via parent/teacher reports of effortful control, and childhood BMI z scores (BMIz) were calculated from staff measurements. Late-adolescent waist-to-height ratio was based on staff measurements at age 18. RESULTS CSR has a small inverse correlation with concurrent childhood BMIz in girls, but not in boys. Prospectively, however, CSR has a small inverse association with late-adolescent weight-to-height ratio in both sexes, after adjusting for childhood BMIz and other childhood predictors. This prospective association is marginally stronger for girls with higher (vs. lower) childhood BMIz. CONCLUSIONS CSR inversely predicts changes in adiposity across adolescence in both sexes, with some evidence that this association is stronger for girls with higher (vs. lower) childhood adiposity. However, this inverse association between CSR and adiposity may emerge earlier in girls. Future research should examine the causal status of CSR and its relationship to behaviors (e.g., diet).
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Affiliation(s)
- K. N. Javaras
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychology, 1202 E. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United
States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA
02115, United States
- Corresponding author
()
| | - Jeffrey M. Armstrong
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychiatry, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Marjorie H. Klein
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychiatry, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Marilyn J. Essex
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychiatry, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychology, 1202 E. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - H. Hill Goldsmith
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychology, 1202 E. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
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17
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Feig EH, Amonoo HL, Onyeaka HK, Romero PM, Kim S, Huffman JC. Weight bias internalization and its association with health behaviour adherence after bariatric surgery. Clin Obes 2020; 10:e12361. [PMID: 32319211 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that internalized weight bias (WBI) is negatively associated with health-related quality of life, weight loss and health behaviour adherence (eg, physical activity, diet, vitamin adherence) in patients who had weight loss surgery (WLS). It also tested whether self-efficacy for exercise, barriers to being active and depression were mediators between WBI and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Participants were recruited from online support forums. They completed an anonymous online survey assessing WBI, physical activity, health behaviour adherence, depression, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy for exercise and barriers to being physically active. Multiple regression analyses and a bootstrapping approach for mediation were used. The sample included 112 primarily white and female adults, who had surgery 1 month to 24 years prior. WBI was negatively associated with weight loss since surgery, MVPA, dietary adherence, vitamin adherence and mental health-related quality of life, and was not associated with walking, physical health-related quality of life or fluid intake adherence. Self-efficacy for exercise, barriers to being active and depression were partial mediators between WBI and physical activity. After WLS, WBI may signal poorer adherence to critical health behaviours. It also is associated with less weight loss. WBI should be assessed and treated by WLS providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hermioni L Amonoo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry K Onyeaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Perla M Romero
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonia Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Wing RR, Russell GB, Tate DF, Espeland MA, LaRose JG, Gorin AA, Lewis CE, Jelalian E, Perdue LH, Bahnson J, Polzien K, Robichaud EF. Examining Heterogeneity of Outcomes in a Weight Gain Prevention Program for Young Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:521-528. [PMID: 32030910 PMCID: PMC7042032 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize young adults who experienced significant weight gains (> 10%) over 3 years in a weight gain prevention program. METHODS Secondary data analysis from the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP), a randomized trial comparing two self-regulation interventions and a control arm in young adults (18-35 years; BMI 21-30.9 kg/m2 ), was used. Large Gainers (≥ 10% of their body weight; n = 48), Small Gainers (2.6%-9.9%; n = 149), and Weight Stable participants (± 2.5%; n = 143) were compared on dimensions affecting weight gain. RESULTS Differences in weight gain among the three groups were significant by year 1 and subsequently increased. Those who became Large Gainers were heavier at baseline and further below their highest weight, and they reported more weight cycling than Weight Stable, with Small Gainers intermediate. Neither study arm nor pregnancy explained weight change differences among the three groups. Large Gainers reported more depressive symptoms than Weight Stable at years 1 and 2. Large Gainers were less likely to weigh themselves at least weekly at 4 months, before differences in weight gain emerged, and at years 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS Large Gainers (representing almost 10% of participants) could be identified early by greater weight issues at baseline and lower use of weight gain prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena R. Wing
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Deborah F. Tate
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Jessica Gokee LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond
| | - Amy A. Gorin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Elissa Jelalian
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Judy Bahnson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kristen Polzien
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
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Iglesias Souto PM, Real Deus JE, Dosil Maceira A, Mayo Pais ME, Taboada Ares EM. Suitability of Social Services for the Older Persons: Analysis of Degree of Fit between Needs and Services. J Aging Soc Policy 2020; 33:285-304. [PMID: 32009562 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2020.1722895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased life expectancy coupled with decreased birth rates has led to a notable aging of the population. In the social care sector, resources for the older persons should be allocated by means of objective instruments that ensure an appropriate fit between older people's needs and the characteristics of the services. This paper analyzes the appropriacy of actual assignments of resources in a sample of 632 older users of social services, evaluating the degree of fit between these assignments and those made by a Decision Making Model (DMM) which is strictly based on an objective assessment of user's needs and characteristics. The results indicate that biopsychosocial variables included as predictors in the DMM are appropriate for ensuring that the needs of the older persons are met and resources are optimized. However, the current assignments of users to services cannot be explained by relying solely on these variables, suggesting that the allocation of users to services may be conditioned by factors that are different from those covered by the DMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia María Iglesias Souto
- Assistant Lecturer, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Spain, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Eulogio Real Deus
- Professor, Department of Political Science and Methodology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Spain, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Agustín Dosil Maceira
- Professor, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Emma Mayo Pais
- Temporary Lecturer, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Spain
| | - Eva María Taboada Ares
- Professor, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enhanced understanding of psychosocial factors associated with obesity may improve knowledge of their interplay mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between psychosocial variables in individuals with obesity using a network analysis. METHODS Patients seeking treatment for obesity were consecutively recruited from a rehabilitative residential treatment program for severe obesity between January 2016 and March 2019. Each patient completed the following questionnaires: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90, Obesity Related Well-Being, and Weight Bias Internalization Scale. In addition, current body mass index (BMI) was measured, and maximum acceptable and dream BMI were assessed. RESULTS The sample comprised 996 patients with obesity (age 52.3 [SD = 16.0] years; BMI 41.8 [SD = 7.8] kg/m2 ; 65.7% women; 52.2% married or living with a partner). Network analysis showed that interpersonal sensitivity and shape-weight concern, but also internalized weight stigma, were the most central and highly interconnected nodes in the network. In contrast, objective binge-eating episodes and dietary restraint were the most peripheral and least connected nodes. Eating disorder features and psychological distress formed two clearly separate clusters. No difference in network structure was found between men and women. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of network node connections supports the importance of assessing psychological distress, interpersonal sensitivity, shape-weight concern, and internalized weight stigma in patients seeking treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Calugi
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Italy
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21
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Lieb M, Schiffer M, Erim Y. Optimization of Electronically Monitored Non-Adherence in Highly Adherent Renal Transplant Recipients by Reducing the Dosing Frequency - A Prospective Single-Center Observational Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:1389-1401. [PMID: 32821087 PMCID: PMC7417643 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s258131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-adherence (NA) after renal transplantation poses a major risk for allograft rejection, graft loss, and patient mortality. Yet, there is still ambiguity about its etiology and its possible relationships with patient-related factors. In order to prevent poor outcomes after transplantation, it is crucial to gain a more refined understanding of potential determinants, to identify patients at risk, and to intervene accordingly. The objective of this study was to assess potential risk factors of NA by prospectively applying electronic monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-center prospective observational study. Prior to study initiation, sociodemographic, biomedical, and psychosocial variables (depression, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, social support, attachment, experiences and attitudes towards immunosuppressive medication, emotional responses after organ transplantation, satisfaction with information about immunosuppressive medication, and perceptions and beliefs about medications) were assessed. Thereafter, immunosuppressive adherence behavior was measured prospectively via electronic monitoring (EM, VAICA©) during a 3-month period to receive the percentage frequency of Taking and Timing Adherence (±2h, ±30min) for each patient. Focus of this study was the phase of medication implementation. RESULTS A total of 78 patients participated in our study (mean age 55.28, 56% male). We found rates of 99.39% for Taking Adherence, 98.34% for Timing Adherence ±2h, and 93.34% for Timing Adherence ±30min, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the type of medication could significantly predict Taking Adherence. Patients receiving Advagraf© (once daily) depicted better Taking Adherence than patients receiving Prograf© (twice daily) (p=0.04). No associations were found for Timing Adherence (±2h, ±30min). Sociodemographic, biomedical, or psychosocial variables were not found to be associated with adherence behavior. DISCUSSION In highly adherent populations, only a few factors can be altered to improve adherence. Changing the immunosuppressive regimen from twice-daily to once-daily could be an option for optimizing adherence. However, risk factors for NA could be different in a less adherent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Lieb
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: Marietta LiebDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen91054, Germany Tel +49-9131-8545930 Email
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Fu Y, Burns RD, Gomes E, Savignac A, Constantino N. Trends in Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Motivation during a Classroom-Based Active Video Game Program. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16162821. [PMID: 31394855 PMCID: PMC6719136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate trends in children's sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA), and motivation during a 12 week classroom-based Active Video Game (AVG) program. A sample of 16 children, recruited from an elementary school, participated in AVG for 30 minutes per school day for 12 consecutive weeks. School day time in SB and PA, in addition to step counts, were assessed across 12 weeks using accelerometers and motivation was assessed via questionnaires. Mixed effects models with a quadratic time parameter were employed to examine time trends. A significant negative trend was observed for SB, while light and vigorous PA and step counts yielded positive trends until approximately 8-9 weeks where a quadratic inflection point was observed (p < 0.001). Regarding motivational variables, enjoyment and social support from teachers significantly increased across 12 weeks (p < 0.05). A 12 week classroom AVG program yielded a positive trend in school day light and vigorous PA and step counts, and a negative trend in SB until 8-9 weeks into the program. This study supports the use of low-cost classroom-based AVG programs to improve children's physical and mental health, but favorable PA trends were attenuated past 8-9 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Fu
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Ryan D Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Emma Gomes
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Amy Savignac
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Nora Constantino
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Drake C, Mallows A, Littlewood C. Psychosocial variables and presence, severity and prognosis of plantar heel pain: A systematic review of cross-sectional and prognostic associations. Musculoskeletal Care 2018; 16:329-338. [PMID: 29766646 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plantar heel pain (PHP) is often disabling, and persistent symptoms are common. Psychosocial variables are known to affect pain and disability but the association of these factors with PHP has yet to be established. The purpose of the present systematic review was to determine if psychosocial variables are associated with the presence, severity and prognosis of PHP. METHODS A systematic review of the literature and qualitative synthesis was carried out. Electronic searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO and EMBASE were undertaken from the inception of the respective databases up to November 2017. Any study design incorporating measurements of psychosocial variables with participants with plantar heel pain were included. The quality of included articles was appraised using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Five articles from four studies were included in the review, with a total of 422 participants. Moderate-level evidence suggested a clinically unimportant association with the incidence of PHP and depression, anxiety and stress, and limited evidence suggested a clinically unimportant association with job dissatisfaction. Moderate-level evidence suggested that there may also be an association between depression, anxiety, stress and catastrophization and PHP pain, and between depression, anxiety, stress, catastrophization and kinesiophobia and PHP function. We also found moderate-level evidence that a psychological disorder may be associated with a poorer outcome to shockwave therapy. CONCLUSION In light of this review, the association of psychosocial variables and plantar heel pain cannot be ruled out. Given recommendations to adopt an individualized and stratified approach to other musculoskeletal conditions, clinicians should remain vigilant to their presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Drake
- Physiotherapy Department, Mid-Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - Adrian Mallows
- School of Health & Human Sciences, University of Essex, UK
| | - Chris Littlewood
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences and Keele Clinical Trials Unit, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG
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Mukherjee A, Mazumder K, Ghoshal S. Impact of Different Sociodemographic Factors on Mental Health Status of Female Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Recurrent Disease. Indian J Palliat Care 2018; 24:426-430. [PMID: 30410253 PMCID: PMC6199836 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_64_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Deterioration in mental health and poor quality of life (QOL) among women suffering from breast and ovarian cancer is not a direct result of the illness but mediated by many other psychosocial variables. Aims: The study intended to examine if there was any effect of educational level, residential status, family type, duration of treatment, and income level of family on anxiety, depression, and QOL among the breast and ovarian cancer patients, undergoing second- or subsequent-line chemotherapy. Subjects and Methods: Forty married female cancer patients with breast and ovarian cancer, aging between 40 and 60 years, education level ranges from no formal education to postgraduate degree, income level ranges from Rs. 1000 per month to Rs. 20000 per month, and undergoing second- or subsequent-line chemotherapy for the past 1–10 years were studied. Levels of anxiety and depression were determined by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The QOL was measured by using WHO QOLBREF scale. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean and standard deviation and Levene's F values were calculated. If Levene's F value was significant, then Mann–Whitney U-test was done or else independent samples t-test was used. Results: Among all the variables, education, residential status, and income affect significantly on anxiety, depression, and QOL. Conclusions: Early detection of psychosocial variables is essential for better screening of the cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and therefore, further psychological intervention can be planned accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Mukherjee
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Koustav Mazumder
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sushmita Ghoshal
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the influence of psychosocial factors on HBV screening. METHODS Sample consisted of 1716 Vietnamese participants in our previous HBV intervention trial, recruited from 36 community-based organizations in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York City between 2009 and 2014. Using the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory, we measured self-efficacy, knowledge, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, perceived severity, and risk susceptibility. Analysis of covariance was used to compare pre- and post-intervention changes of psychosocial variables. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the direct and indirect effects of the psychosocial variables on HBV screening. RESULTS Knowledge, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were directly associated with HBV screening; knowledge had the strongest effect. Perceived severity and risk susceptibility had indirect association with HBV screening through other variables. Indirect paths among the 6 psychosocial variables were also identified. CONCLUSION To promote HBV screening among Vietnamese Americans, intervention efforts should focus on increasing knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived benefits, decreasing perceived barriers, and accounting for the dynamic cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Lee
- Postdoctoral Associate, Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Postdoctoral Associate, Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Min Qi Wang
- Professor, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Zhengyu Wei
- Research Associate, Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Minhhuyen T Nguyen
- Director, Section of Clinical Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Associate Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Grace X Ma
- Associate Dean for Health Disparities, Director, Center for Asian Health, Laura H. Carnell Professor and Professor in Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA;,
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Abstract
Knowledge Transfer Statement: Preventing early childhood caries in American Indian children has proved to be an unexpectedly challenging goal. Biological and behavioral variables, as well as parental psychosocial characteristics and experiences, suggest new routes for understanding and mitigating the progress of disease. We provide our reflections after a decade of studying these issues in collaboration with tribal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Albino
- Center for Native Oral Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - T S Batliner
- Center for Native Oral Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - T Tiwari
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Weng X, Chui WH, Liu L. Bullying Behaviors among Macanese Adolescents-Association with Psychosocial Variables. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E887. [PMID: 28783110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is a widespread public health problem among school students. Using a large sample of Macanese school adolescents, the present study examines psychosocial conditions and demographic characteristics in discriminating the following four subgroups of students: victims; bullies; bully-victims; and a comparison group of adolescents. Participants included 2288 adolescents from 13 primary and secondary schools in Macau whose ages ranged from 10 to 20 years. Statistical results revealed significant differences among the groups and indicated that adolescents who are involved in school bullying experience worse psychosocial adjustment. Specifically, among the four subgroups of students, bully-victims reported the strongest feelings of anxiety, depression, and negative affectivity, and expressed the lowest satisfaction with life. Compared with students who were not involved in bullying and victimization, bullies experienced more anxiety and depression and victims had lower levels of satisfaction with life. In addition, boys were more likely to engage in bullying behaviors and younger students had a greater probability of being victimized by their peers at school. Implications for future research and practice on bullying perpetration and the prevention of peer victimization are discussed.
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Okamura T, Ura C, Miyamae F, Sugiyama M, Niikawa H, Ito K, Awata S. Excessive daytime sleepiness is related to subjective memory impairment in late life: a cross-sectional community-based study. Psychogeriatrics 2016; 16:196-201. [PMID: 26179318 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether daytime sleepiness is related to subjective memory impairment among community-dwelling elderly people, after adjustment for psychosocial variables. METHODS Questionnaires were mailed to all 5199 elderly residents living in one area of Tokyo. The questionnaires collected information about sociodemographic variables, subjective memory impairment, and excessive daytime sleepiness, which was measured by the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Information was also collected on sleep hygiene, health-related variables, and psychosocial variables, including perceived social support, social withdrawal, and work status. RESULTS Of the 4783 questionnaires that were returned (92.0%), 4185 participants were included in the analysis (valid response rate: 80.5%), after the exclusion of questionnaires with missing data. The average score on the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was 5.0 ± 3.9 for men and 4.5 ± 3.7 for women. The frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness was 8.3% for men, 5.8% for women, and 7.0% in total. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression revealed the odds ratio of excessive daytime sleepiness as a predictor of subjective memory impairment was 6.06 (95% confidence interval; 3.06-12.03). CONCLUSIONS Elderly people who complain of daytime sleepiness are potential candidates for interventions related to dementia care after careful consideration of other possible causes of sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Okamura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Miyamae
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mika Sugiyama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Niikawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae Ito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Prosocial behavior (PSB) is increasingly becoming necessary as more and more individuals experience exclusion. In this context it is important to understand the motivational determinants of PSB. Here we report two experiments which analyzed the influence of dispositional (prosocialness; rejection sensitivity) and motivational variables (prosocial self-efficacy; prosocial collective efficacy; trust; anger; social affiliation motivation) on PSB under neutral contexts (Study 1), and once under inclusion or exclusion conditions (Study 2). Both studies provided evidence for the predicted mediation of PSB. Results in both neutral and inclusion and exclusion conditions supported our predictive model of PSB. In the model dispositional variables predicted motivational variables, which in turn predicted PSB. We showed that the investigated variables predicted PSB; this suggests that to promote PSB one could (1) foster prosocialness, prosocial self and collective efficacy, trust in others and affiliation motivation and (2) try to reduce negative feelings and the tendency to dread rejection in an attempt to reduce the negative impact that these variables have on PSB. Moreover, the few differences that emerged in the model between the inclusion and exclusion contexts suggested that in interventions with excluded individuals special care emphasis should be placed on addressing rejection sensitivity and lack of trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cuadrado
- Department of Psychology, Social Psychology, University of Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Tabernero
- Department of Psychology, Social Psychology, University of Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Steinel
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates whether physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are influenced by a common mediating relationship. METHOD A total of 1,552 participants in 3rd to 12th grade completed an online survey that included assessments of PA at school (PAS), PA at home (PAH), and SB as well as a battery of psychosocial variables (i.e., attraction to PA and perceived competence). RESULTS Perceived competence had a direct positive effect on PA and a negative effect on SB. These associations were consistently (but partially) mediated by attraction to PA; however, the indirect effect (IE) of perceived competence was stronger for PAH (IE = .27, p < .05) than for PAS (IE = .07, p < .05), or SB (IE = .13, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed some direct effects and IEs of perceived competence on PAS, PAH, and SB through attraction to PA as the mediator. PA and SB may be influenced by some common underlying psychosocial mediators.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores patterns of drug use and related correlates among a sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who sell sex to other men (aka "money boys") in China. OBJECTIVES Data were collected from MSM and money boys (MBs) in Shanghai, China using a Community Popular Opinion Leader (CPOL) research design with a self-administered cross-sectional survey to: (1) describe drug use and drug use correlates and (2) examine relationships between drug use and sexual behaviors in general MSM and MBs. METHODS The sample consisted of 402 MSM (203 MBs) who live in Shanghai, China. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to explore associations between drug use and sexual behaviors and make comparisons between MBs and general MSM. RESULTS MBs reported using more drugs in the last week, 3 months and ever; sex after using drugs, and unprotected sex after using drugs more frequently than general MSM. Additionally, many MBs reported receiving free drugs from their clients and those who did receive free drugs were very likely to report having unprotected sex. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to increase research and include Chinese MSM and their drug use in the Chinese policy conversation. These data suggest that drug use and sexual behaviors after drug use among Chinese MSM differ widely based upon selling sex and separate intervention strategies may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nehl
- 1Department of Behavioral Sciences & Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia , USA
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Clarke PJ, O'Malley PM, Schulenberg JE, Lee H, Colabianchi N, Johnston LD. College expectations in high school mitigate weight gain over early adulthood: Findings from a national study of American youth. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1321-7. [PMID: 23666817 PMCID: PMC3742647 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research conducted on school-based interventions suggests that school connectedness protects against a variety of risk behaviors, including substance abuse, delinquency and sedentary behavior. The line of research is extended by examining the link between college expectations and early adult weight gain using nationally representative panel data from thirty cohorts of American high school seniors followed prospectively to age 30 in the Monitoring the Future Study (1986-2009). DESIGN AND METHODS Growth mixture models identified two latent classes of trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from age 19 to 30: a persistently overweight class (BMI ≥ 25) and a second class exhibiting more moderate growth in BMI to age 30. RESULTS Compared to those who did not expect to graduate from college, students fully expecting to graduate from college had 34% lower odds of being in the persistently overweight class (adjusted odds ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.54, 0.81), controlling for academic performance and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Successful prevention of obesity early in the life course is based on a multifactorial approach incorporating strategies that address the contexts in which adolescents are embedded. The school setting may be one avenue where successful educational attachment could have positive consequences for subsequent weight gain in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa J Clarke
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, MI, USA.
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Malerbi FEK, Negrato CA, Gomes MB. Assessment of psychosocial variables by parents of youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2012; 4:48. [PMID: 23174044 PMCID: PMC3538713 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on family functioning and child-rearing practices from parents' point of view, to assess parents' health-related quality of life and to explore the relations between psychosocial variables and diabetes care outcomes in youth with diabetes. METHODS This research was part of the cross-sectional multicenter Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study, conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics of 20 cities across four Brazilian geographical regions. Psychosocial questions were addressed to 1,079 parents of patients with T1D through an interview (89.3% mothers, 52.5% Caucasians, 38.6 ± 7.6 years old). Overall, 72.5% of the families were from low or very low socioeconomic levels. Parents were also submitted to health-related quality of life instruments (EQ-5D+EQ-VAS). Clinical data from the last medical appointment were collected by a physician using standardized chart review forms. The demographic, educational and socioeconomic profiles were also obtained and HbA1c levels registered. RESULTS Discomfort and anxiety/depression were the main complaints in EQ-5D, and were significantly more frequent in mothers (37.3% and 53.4%, respectively) than in fathers (25.7% and 32.7%, respectively). The mother was the only parent involved in diabetes care in 50.5% of the cases. The majority of parents (78.5%) mentioned changes in family functioning after the diagnosis, although they neither treated their diabetic children differently from the others (76.3%), nor set prohibitions (69.1%) due to diabetes. The majority was worried about diabetes complications (96.4%) and felt overwhelmed by diabetes care (62.8%). Parents report of overwhelming was significantly associated with anxiety/depression, as measured by the EQ-5D questionnaire. Less than half of the patients had already slept over, and the permission to do it increased as a function of children's age. Nearly half of the parents (52%) admitted to experiencing difficulties in setting limits for their children/adolescents. HbA1c levels in patients from this group (9.7 ± 2.5%) were significantly higher than those of children/adolescents whose parents reported no difficulties towards limit-setting (8.8 ± 2.1%). Parents whose children/adolescents reported the occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes in the last month complained significantly more about anxiety/depression (55.1%) than parents from patients who did not report it (45.7%). Also a significantly greater proportion of parents whose children/adolescents had been hospitalized due to hyperglycemia reported anxiety /depression (58.7%) than those whose children/adolescents had not been hospitalized (49.8%). CONCLUSIONS After the diagnosis of T1D, the lifestyle of all family members changes, what interferes with their quality of life. Mothers are still the primary caregivers for children/adolescents with diabetes. Difficulty to set limits for children/adolescents may be a risk for poor metabolic control. The study demonstrates the importance of family context in the adjustment of young patients to T1D. The specific needs of T1D patients and their impact on a family routine must be considered for future improvement on therapy elements and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Eta Korn Malerbi
- School of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Rua Monte Alegre 984, 05014 001, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marilia B Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Rosen RA, Burgess-Champoux TL, Marquart L, Reicks MM. Associations between whole-grain intake, psychosocial variables, and home availability among elementary school children. J Nutr Educ Behav 2012; 44:628-33. [PMID: 21333603 PMCID: PMC3129399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop, refine, and test psychosocial scales for associations with whole-grain intake. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a Minneapolis/St. Paul suburban elementary school with children in fourth through sixth grades (n = 98) and their parents (n = 76). Variables of interest were child whole-grain intake, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, preferences, knowledge regarding whole-grain food, and whole-grain availability at home. Correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze data. RESULTS Internal consistency and test-retest correlation coefficients for child psychosocial scales were modest or acceptable (α = .55-.70). Parents reported a mean of 15 ± 7 whole-grain products available at home. Child mean daily intake of total grain was about 8 servings, and intake of products containing whole grain was slightly over 2 servings. Reported home availability and refined-grain intake were significantly related to whole-grain intake, whereas psychosocial variables were not. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Home availability may be a more important variable associated with whole-grain intake than psychosocial variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee A. Rosen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | | | - Len Marquart
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Marla M. Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
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Madan A, Archambeau OG, Milsom VA, Goldman RL, Borckardt JJ, Grubaugh AL, Tuerk PW, Frueh BC. More than black and white: differences in predictors of obesity among Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders and European Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:1325-8. [PMID: 22286530 PMCID: PMC3346845 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders exhibit the highest rates of obesity and associated chronic diseases of any racial/ethnic group, they remain vastly underrepresented in health research. In a cross-sectional survey of college students (N = 402) we examined BMI and health outcomes in an ethno-racially diverse rural sample of Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (25.1%), Asian Americans (39.8%), and European Americans (35.1%). Measures assessed BMI, health status, health behaviors, frequency of exercise, and symptoms of psychiatric disorders (i.e., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and substance abuse and dependence). Regression analyses revealed that an overall model of five predictors (gender, race, regular exercise, difficulty sleeping, and anxiety) was significantly associated with obesity (P < 0.001) and correctly classified 84.2% of cases. A 30.7% of Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders were obese as compared with 9.2% of European Americans and 10.6% of Asian Americans. These findings suggest that Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islanders are at high risk for obesity and associated medical comorbidities, but that regular physical activity may ameliorate this risk. Further, these results support the consideration of Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders as a distinct racial/ethnic subgroup separate from other Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Madan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Whittaker KS, Krantz DS, Rutledge T, Johnson BD, Wawrzyniak AJ, Bittner V, Eastwood JA, Eteiba W, Cornell CE, Pepine CJ, Vido DA, Handberg E, Merz CN. Combining psychosocial data to improve prediction of cardiovascular disease risk factors and events: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute--sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation study. Psychosom Med 2012; 74:263-70. [PMID: 22434916 DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31824a58ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is overlap among psychosocial predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The usefulness of combining psychosocial variables as risk markers for CVD needs investigation. METHODS Participants were 493 women in the NHLBI WISE study. Multivariate combination of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Social Network Index (SNI), and Cook-Medley hostility subscales was evaluated, and principal components analysis also conducted. Relationships of composite psychosocial risk markers to CVD events and risk factors were assessed. RESULTS The multivariate block of SNI, Cook-Medley Hostile Affect subscale, STAI, and BDI predicted CVD events (χ(2) = 27.8, df = 6, p < .001). Scalewise factor analysis revealed 2 factors: negative affectivity (NA) and hostility (explained variance, 45.6% and 17.1%, respectively). NA was associated with BMI (β [SE] = 0.18 [0.09], p = .04), hostility with metabolic syndrome (exp(β) = 0.60 [0.28], p = .04). Both factors were associated with blood pressure (BP): NA with SBP (β = 2.53 [1.04], p = .02) and DBP (β = 1.66 [0.60], p = .02); hostility with SBP (β = 2.72 [1.13], p = .02) and DBP (β = 1.83 [0.65], p = .005). Neither factor predicted CVD events. Original scales predicted CVD events: lower SNI (HR = 0.74, CI = 0.57-0.96), lower Hostile Affect (HR = 0.80, CI = 0.56-1.03), and higher BDI (HR = 1.33, CI = 1.08-1.74). CONCLUSIONS In women with suspected ischemia, multivariate combination of psychosocial risk markers predicts CVD events; derived psychosocial factors were associated with CVD risk factors but not events. Measuring common variance among psychosocial variables may be a useful research strategy.
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GRIEVE ADAMJ, TLUCZEK AUDREY, RACINE-GILLES CAROLINEN, LAXOVA ANITA, ALBERS CRAIGA, FARRELL PHILIPM. Associations between academic achievement and psychosocial variables in adolescents with cystic fibrosis. J Sch Health 2011; 81:713-720. [PMID: 21972992 PMCID: PMC6546290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic genetic disease that leads to the accumulation of thick mucus in multiple organ systems, leading to chronic lung infection and affecting the body's ability to absorb nutrients necessary for growth and development. This cross-sectional, correlational study examined the potential effects of CF on students' psychosocial and academic development. METHODS Forty adolescents with CF completed a battery of neuropsychological and psychosocial measures. Their school records were reviewed to abstract information about standardized achievement testing results and grade point average (GPA). Academic outcomes were hypothesized to be associated with (1) self-efficacy, (2) disease and school-specific coping strategies, (3) attitude to school, and (4) depression. RESULTS Cognitive and academic scores were within the normal range, and self-efficacy had the strongest association with standardized cognitive and academic measures and high school grades. School absences were associated with GPA, but not standardized test scores. CONCLUSION Adolescents with CF require supports in school that foster their sense of self-efficacy and accommodations that address the learning time lost from extended health-related absences.
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Affiliation(s)
- ADAM J. GRIEVE
- Project Assistant, (), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Box 9988, Madison, WI 53792
| | - AUDREY TLUCZEK
- Associate Professor, (), School of Nursing, University ofWisconsin, 600Highland Avenue, K6/346, Madison, WI 53792
| | - CAROLINE N. RACINE-GILLES
- Senior Research Associate, (), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600Highland Avenue, Box 9988, Madison, WI 53792
| | - ANITA LAXOVA
- Research Program Manager, (), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600Highland Avenue, Box 9988,Madison,WI 53792
| | - CRAIG A. ALBERS
- Assistant Professor, (), School of Education, University of Wisconsin, Department of Educational Psychology, Educational Sciences, 316e, 1025W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706
| | - PHILIP M. FARRELL
- Professor, (), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 785WARFOffice Building, 610Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify psychosocial differences between sexually experienced male adolescents who indicate intentions to get someone pregnant and those who do not. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study of 101 sexually experienced adolescent males recruited from a sexually transmitted disease clinic in northern California. We used Student's t tests and regressions to examine psychosocial differences between males who reported any intention versus no intention to get someone pregnant in the next 6 months, and we used analyses of variance to examine differences among different combinations of pregnancy plans/likelihood. RESULTS Adolescents' reports of their plans for getting someone pregnant differed from their assessments of the likelihood that they would do so (chi2 = 24.33; df = 1). Attitudes toward pregnancy and participants' mothers' educational attainment differentiated those with clear pregnancy intentions (planning and likely) from those with clear intentions to avoid pregnancy (not planning and not likely) CONCLUSIONS To reduce the rates of adolescent childbearing, males' pregnancy intentions must be assessed and asked about in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Rosengard
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, RI, USA.
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