Tupistra chinensis extract attenuates murine fulminant hepatitis with multiple targets against activated T lymphocytes

Steriodal saponins from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis Baker

Chemical constituent investigation on the n-BuOH extract of the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis Baker leads to the isolation of ten compounds including eight undescribed furostanol saponins, tupischinosides A - H, and two known ones. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences. Interestingly, tupischinosides A and B, C and D, E and F, G and H were identified as four pairs of epimers. The cytotoxicity of tupischinosides A - H against human cancer cell lines U87, SHG44, U251, LN229 and HepG-2 was evaluated by CCK-8 method. As a result, tupischinosides A and C exhibited significant proliferation inhibitory effect on the tested cancer cells. On the contrary, the corresponding epimers, tupischinosides B and D, which only differ in the configuration of C-23 didn't exhibit any cytotoxicity to cancer cells. These results indicated that the stereochemistry of C-23 was crucial to the activity of the compounds.

Three New Steriodal Saponins from the Rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis Baker

The phytochemical constituent investigation on the 70 % ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis Baker resulted in the isolation of three new steroidal saponins which were named tuchinosides A-C (1-3). Their structures were determined by extensive spectrum analysis and chemical evidence, especially 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. In addition, the cytotoxicity of compounds 1-3 against several human cancer cell lines was evaluated.

Genus Tupistra: A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity

In the current paper, secondary metabolites separated from Tupistra plants have been reviewed. Approximately 200 phytochemicals, classified in various chemical classes of bioactive compounds, have been compiled, along with their sources and references. The most striking feature is that the most frequently isolated compounds have been spirostanol sapogenins, and spirostanol and furostanol saponins, most of which are new in nature. The application of both Tupistra plant extracts and isolated compounds in biological assays is also one of the crucial aims in pharmacological discoveries. Tupistra constituents have demonstrated valuable properties in the field of pharmacology, such as antioxidative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antihepatic activities, but their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory actions can be considered as the more remarkable. In vivo cancer-related activities of the tested Tupistra samples were mostly based on apoptosis. Further phytochemical investigations, together with extensive assessments of the biological profiles and mechanism of action studies of the components of Tupistra species are to be expected.

Summary of Natural Products Ameliorate Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury: Structures, Sources, Pharmacological Effects, and Mechanisms of Action

Liver diseases represent a threat to human health and are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive and chronic hepatic inflammatory disease, which may lead to severe complications. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatic injury is regarded as an appropriate experimental model for investigating the pathology and mechanisms involved in liver injury mediated by immune cells as well as T cell-related liver disease. Despite the advances in modern medicine, the only available strategies to treat AIH, include the use of steroids either solely or with immunosuppressant drugs. Unfortunately, this currently available treatment is associated with significant side-effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and effective drugs to replace and/or supplement those in current use. Natural products have been utilized for treating liver disorders and have become a promising therapy for various liver disorders. In this review, the natural compounds and herbal formulations as well as extracts and/or fractions with protection against liver injury caused by Con A and the underlying possible mechanism(s) of action are reviewed. A total of 53 compounds from different structural classes are discussed and over 97 references are cited. The goal of this review is to attract the interest of pharmacologists, natural product researchers, and synthetic chemists for discovering novel drug candidates for treating immune-mediated liver injury.

Five new polyhydroxylated furostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis

Five new polyhydroxylated furostanol saponins were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis, and their structures were determined as tupistrosides J-N (1-5), together with four known furostanol saponins (6-9), on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. Among them, compounds 3 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines SW620 with IC₅₀ values of 72.5 ± 2.4 and 77.3 ± 2.5 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Compound 4 showed cytotoxicity against human cancer cell line HepG2 with IC₅₀ value of 88.6 ± 2.1 μmol·L^-1.

Three new steroidal saponins from the roots and rhizomes of Rohdea chinensis (Baker) N.Tanaka (synonym Tupistra chinensis Baker)

Three new steroidal saponins (1-3), together with four known compounds (4-7), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Rohdea chinensis Baker, and their structures were determined as (24S, 25 R)-1β-hydroxy-3β-[(β-D-glucopyranoside)oxy]-spirost-5-en-24-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and (24S)-spirost-25(27)-en-1β, 3β, 4β, 5β, 6β, 24β-hexahydroxy-24-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (22S, 25S)-1β, 3β, 4β, 5β, 26, 27-hexanol-furospirost-5, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), together with four known compounds 3-epi-diosgenin-3-β-D-glucopyranosid (4), 3-epiruscogenin (5), 25(R)-1β-hydroxy-spirost-5-en-3α-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) and tupichinin A (7), on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. In this study, compounds 1-3 and 5-7 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against SW620, A549 and HepG2 tumor cell lines. Among them, compound 7 showed moderate cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines A549 and HepG 2 with IC₅₀ values of 25.3 ± 2.6 and 26.1 ± 2.5 μM, respectively.

Steroidal Saponins from the Roots and Rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis

Two new furostanol saponins 1–2 and a new spirostanol saponin 3 were isolated together with two known furostanol saponins 4–5 from the roots and rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis. Their structures were characterized as 1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,26-hexahydroxyfurost-20(22),25(27)-dien-5,26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,6β,7α,23ξ,26-nona-hydroxyfurost-20(22),25(27)-dien-26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (20S,22R)-spirost-25 (27)-en-1β,3β,5β-trihydroxy-1-O-β-d-xyloside (3), tupisteroide B (4) and 5β-furost-Δ²⁵⁽²⁷⁾-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,7α,22ξ,26-octahydroxy-6-one-26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), respectively, by extensive use of spectroscopic techniques and chemical evidence. Additionally, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of 1–4 was evaluated on human A549 and H1299 tumor cell lines, and compound 3 exhibited cytotoxicity against A549 cells (IC₅₀ 86.63 ± 2.33 μmol·L⁻¹) and H1299 cells (IC₅₀ 88.21 ± 1.34 μmol·L⁻¹).