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Dubashynskaya NV, Petrova VA, Skorik YA. Biopolymer Drug Delivery Systems for Oromucosal Application: Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical R&D. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5359. [PMID: 38791397 PMCID: PMC11120705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oromucosal drug delivery, both local and transmucosal (buccal), is an effective alternative to traditional oral and parenteral dosage forms because it increases drug bioavailability and reduces systemic drug toxicity. The oral mucosa has a good blood supply, which ensures that drug molecules enter the systemic circulation directly, avoiding drug metabolism during the first passage through the liver. At the same time, the mucosa has a number of barriers, including mucus, epithelium, enzymes, and immunocompetent cells, that are designed to prevent the entry of foreign substances into the body, which also complicates the absorption of drugs. The development of oromucosal drug delivery systems based on mucoadhesive biopolymers and their derivatives (especially thiolated and catecholated derivatives) is a promising strategy for the pharmaceutical development of safe and effective dosage forms. Solid, semi-solid and liquid pharmaceutical formulations based on biopolymers have several advantageous properties, such as prolonged residence time on the mucosa due to high mucoadhesion, unidirectional and modified drug release capabilities, and enhanced drug permeability. Biopolymers are non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and may possess intrinsic bioactivity. A rational approach to the design of oromucosal delivery systems requires an understanding of both the anatomy/physiology of the oral mucosa and the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug molecule/biopolymer, as presented in this review. This review summarizes the advances in the pharmaceutical development of mucoadhesive oromucosal dosage forms (e.g., patches, buccal tablets, and hydrogel systems), including nanotechnology-based biopolymer nanoparticle delivery systems (e.g., solid lipid particles, liposomes, biopolymer polyelectrolyte particles, hybrid nanoparticles, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Ali M, Mir S, Atanase LI, Abid OUR, Kazi M. Chitosan-PVA-PVP/nano-clay composite: a promising tool for controlled drug delivery. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15777-15790. [PMID: 38752154 PMCID: PMC11094589 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02959c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used to create ternary blends reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay. Tramadol was used as a model drug to assess the efficacy of these ternary blends as drug delivery systems. The current work demonstrated the highly controlled release of tramadol via transdermal administration. The results of the FTIR investigation revealed the compatibility of the blending components. Among non-drug-loaded formulations, MC6 is the most stable with a 17.6% weight residue at 505 °C and MC11 is the most stable of all the drug-loaded and non-drug-loaded formulations with a weight residue of 22.0% at 505 °C. The XRD studies of the prepared formulations showed crystalline behavior. However, the SEM analysis revealed that no gaps or mixing components were uniformly dispersed in the nanocomposites. Pharmaceutical tests, such as swelling, dissolution, and permeation rates, revealed a strong influence of the PVA concentration. There was a uniform distribution of drug throughout the films with maximum encapsulation efficiency found for MC7 (96.09 ± 0.31) and minimum encapsulation efficiency for MC11 (90.56 ± 0.34)%. Compared to the sodium acetate (pH 4.5) and potassium phosphate buffers (pH 6.8) the swelling and erosion were higher in hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 1.2). An increase in PVA concentration (or decrease in PVP concentration) increases the swelling, dissolution, and permeation rates. In addition, erosion increased with increasing PVP concentration. Furthermore, the nanoclay-reinforced composite showed high permeation. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the produced nanocomposite could be used as an efficient transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan
| | - Sadullah Mir
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Leonard I Atanase
- Faculty of Medicine, "Apollonia" University of Iasi Pacurari Street, No. 11 700511 Iasi Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists 050045 Bucharest Romania
| | | | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University PO BOX 2457 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3
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Microenvironmental pH Modification in Buccal/Sublingual Dosage Forms for Systemic Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020637. [PMID: 36839959 PMCID: PMC9961113 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Many drug candidates are poorly water-soluble. Microenvironmental pH (pHM) modification in buccal/sublingual dosage forms has attracted increasing interest as a promising pharmaceutical strategy to enhance the oral mucosal absorption of drugs with pH-dependent solubility. Optimizing drug absorption at the oral mucosa using pHM modification is considered to be a compromise between drug solubility and drug lipophilicity (Log D)/permeation. To create a desired pHM around formulations during the dissolution process, a suitable amount of pH modifiers should be added in the formulations, and the appropriate methods of pHM measurement are required. Despite pHM modification having been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing the oral mucosal absorption of drugs, some potential risks, such as oral mucosal irritation and teeth erosion caused by the pH modifiers, should not been neglected during the formulation design process. This review aims to provide a short introduction to the pHM modification concept in buccal/sublingual dosage forms, the properties of saliva related to pHM modification, as well as suitable drug candidates and pH modifiers for pHM modifying buccal/sublingual formulations. Additionally, the methods of pHM measurement, pHM modification methods and the corresponding challenges are summarized in the present review.
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Liu M, Sharma M, Lu GL, Zhang Z, Yin N, Wen J. Full factorial design, physicochemical characterization, ex vivo investigation, and biological assessment of glutathione-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical application. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122381. [PMID: 36427694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
l-Glutathione (GSH) has exceptional antioxidant activities against UVA irradiation-induced oxidative stress and is used widely for combatting skin ageing. However, topical administration of GSH is challenging due to its inability to penetrate the stratum corneum (SC). This study aims to evaluate the solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) carrier system for improving the skin penetration and stability of GSH. The GSH-loaded SLNs (GSH-SLNs) were prepared by the double emulsion technique and were optimized by a full factorial design. The optimized GSH-SLNs formulation had a mean particle size of 305 ± 0.6 nm and a zeta potential of + 20.1 ± 9.5 mV, suitable for topical delivery. The ex-vivo penetration study using human skin demonstrated a 3.7-fold improvement of GSH penetration across SC with GSH-SLNs when compared with aqueous GSH. GSH-SLNs prolonged antioxidant activity on UVA irradiated fibroblast cells when compared to GSH solution, preventing UVA-induced cell death and promoting cell growth for times over 48 h. This research has illustrated that as a carrier system, SLNs were able to enhance the physicochemical stability, skin penetration, and drug deposition in the viable epidermis and dermis layers of the skin for GSH, while also maintaining the ability to protect human skin fibroblast cells against oxidative stress caused by UVA irradiation. This delivery system shows future promise as a topical delivery platform for the topical delivery of GSH and other chemically similar bioactive compounds for improving skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Manisha Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guo-Liang Lu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naibo Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Chen G, Svirskis D, Lu W, Ying M, Li H, Liu M, Wen J. N-trimethyl chitosan coated nano-complexes enhance the oral bioavailability and chemotherapeutic effects of gemcitabine. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118592. [PMID: 34560993 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) is a multifunctional polymer that can be used in various nanoparticle forms in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and biomedical fields. In this study, TMC was used as a mucoadhesive adjuvant to enhance the oral bioavailability and hence antitumour effects of gemcitabine formulated into nanocomplexes composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) conjugated with d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS). A central composite design was applied to achieve the optimal formulation. Cellular uptake and drug transportation studies revealed the nanocomplexes permeate over the intestinal cells via adsorptive-mediated and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated the oral drug bioavailability of the nanocomplexes was increased 5.1-fold compared with drug solution. In pharmacodynamic studies, the formulation reduced tumour size 3.1-fold compared with the drug solution. The data demonstrates that TMC modified nanocomplexes can enhance gemcitabine oral bioavailability and promote the anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Kumar A, Naik PK, Pradhan D, Ghosh G, Rath G. Mucoadhesive formulations: innovations, merits, drawbacks, and future outlook. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:797-814. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1753771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Deepak Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Byeon JC, Lee SE, Kim TH, Ahn JB, Kim DH, Choi JS, Park JS. Design of novel proliposome formulation for antioxidant peptide, glutathione with enhanced oral bioavailability and stability. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:216-225. [PMID: 30843439 PMCID: PMC6407602 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1551441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop proliposome formulations to improve the oral bioavailability of l-glutathione (GSH), GSH-loaded proliposomes were prepared using the granule method. Mannitol was selected as an effective excipient to achieve the desired particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and solubility for oral delivery of the final formulation. To evaluate the effect of surface charge of proliposomes on the oral bioavailability of GSH, negative (F1-F4) and positive proliposomes (F5-F9) were prepared. Particle size of F1 and F5 was 167.8 ± 0.9 and 175.9 ± 2.0 nm, and zeta potential of F1 and F5 was -8.1 ± 0.7 and 21.1 ± 2.0 mV, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency of F1 and F5 was 58.6% and 54.7%, respectively. Considering their particle size, zeta potential, and EE, the proliposomes F1 and F5 were adopted as the optimal formulations for further experiments. Solid state characterization of the proliposomes confirmed lipid coating on the surface of mannitol. The release of GSH from F1 and F5 formulations was prolonged until 24 h and pH independent. The total antioxidant capacity of GSH was concentration-dependent and maintained after formulation of GSH proliposomes. Circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed that the molecular structure of GSH was maintained in the proliposome formulations. GSH proliposomes exhibited no significant changes in particle size and zeta potential for 4 weeks. An oral bioavailability study in rats revealed that F5 exhibited 1.05-, 1.08-, and 1.11-fold higher bioavailability than F1, commercial capsule formulation, and pure GSH, respectively. In conclusion, the prepared GSH proliposomes enhanced the poor bioavailability of GSH and prolonged its duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chan Byeon
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyeon Kim
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Jung Bin Ahn
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Choi
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea.,b Department of Medical Management , Chodang University , Jeollanam-do , South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
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Montenegro-Nicolini M, Reyes PE, Jara MO, Vuddanda PR, Neira-Carrillo A, Butto N, Velaga S, Morales JO. The Effect of Inkjet Printing over Polymeric Films as Potential Buccal Biologics Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3376-3387. [PMID: 29934803 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The buccal mucosa appears as a promissory route for biologic drug administration, and pharmaceutical films are flexible dosage forms that can be used in the buccal mucosa as drug delivery systems for either a local or systemic effect. Recently, thin films have been used as printing substrates to manufacture these dosage forms by inkjet printing. As such, it is necessary to investigate the effects of printing biologics on films as substrates in terms of their physical and mucoadhesive properties. Here, we explored solvent casting as a conventional method with two biocompatible polymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and chitosan, and we used electrospinning process as an electrospun film fabrication of polycaprolactone fibers due to its potential to elicit mucoadhesion. Lysozyme was used as biologic drug model and was formulated as a solution for printing by thermal inkjet printing. Films were characterized before and after printing by mechanical and mucoadhesive properties, surface, and ultrastructure morphology through scanning electron microscopy and solid state properties by thermal analysis. Although minor differences were detected in micrographs and thermograms in all polymeric films tested, neither mechanical nor mucoadhesive properties were affected by these differences. Thus, biologic drug printing on films was successful without affecting their mechanical or mucoadhesive properties. These results open way to explore biologics loading on buccal films by inkjet printing, and future efforts will include further in vitro and in vivo evaluations.
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Chen G, Svirskis D, Lu W, Ying M, Huang Y, Wen J. N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles and CSKSSDYQC peptide: N-trimethyl chitosan conjugates enhance the oral bioavailability of gemcitabine to treat breast cancer. J Control Release 2018; 277:142-153. [PMID: 29548985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue effective against a number of cancers. However, the full potential of this drug has not been realised, in part due to low oral bioavailability and frequent dosing requirements. This study reports the synthesis, in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo evaluation of trimethyl chitosan (TMC) - CSKSSDYQC (CSK) peptide conjugates capable of enhancing the oral bioavailability of gemcitabine due to the ability to target intestinal goblet cells and promote intestinal cellular uptake. TMC was synthesized by a novel two-step methylation method to improve quanternization and yield. The CSK-TMC conjugates were prepared by ionic gelation to achieve particles sized at 173.6 ± 6.8 nm, zeta potential of +18.5 ± 0.2 mV and entrapment efficiency of 66.4 ± 0.1%, capable of sustained drug release. By encapsulating gemcitabine into CSK-TMC conjugates, an increased amount of drug permeated through porcine intestinal epithelial membranes compared with the unconjugated TMC nanoparticles (NPs). The rate of cellular uptake of drug loaded conjugates into HT29-MTX-E12 intestinal goblet cells, was time- and concentration-dependant. The conjugates underwent active transport associated with adsorptive mediated, clathrin and caveolae mediated endocytosis. In cellular transport studies, drug loaded conjugates had greater drug transport capability compared with drug solution and TMC NPs over the co-cultured Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 cell monolayer. The drug loaded conjugates exhibited electrostatic interaction with the intestinal epithelial cells. Both P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multiple resistance protein-2 (MRP2) efflux affected the cellular transport of the conjugates. Importantly, during the pharmacokinetic studies, the orally administrated drug loaded into TMC NPs showed an improved oral bioavailability of 54.0%, compared with gemcitabine solution of 9.9%. Notable, the CSK-TMC conjugates further improved oral bioavailability to 60.1% and reduced the tumour growth rate in a BALB/c nude mouse model, with a 5.1-fold and 3.3-fold reduction compare with the non-treated group and gemcitabine solution group. Furthermore, no major evidence of toxicity was discernible on histologic studies of selected organs. In conclusion, the presented CSK-TMC conjugates and TMC nanoparticles both significantly improve the oral bioavailability of gemcitabine and have the potential for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Man Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Gaucher C, Boudier A, Bonetti J, Clarot I, Leroy P, Parent M. Glutathione: Antioxidant Properties Dedicated to Nanotechnologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E62. [PMID: 29702624 PMCID: PMC5981248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Which scientist has never heard of glutathione (GSH)? This well-known low-molecular-weight tripeptide is perhaps the most famous natural antioxidant. However, the interest in GSH should not be restricted to its redox properties. This multidisciplinary review aims to bring out some lesser-known aspects of GSH, for example, as an emerging tool in nanotechnologies to achieve targeted drug delivery. After recalling the biochemistry of GSH, including its metabolism pathways and redox properties, its involvement in cellular redox homeostasis and signaling is described. Analytical methods for the dosage and localization of GSH or glutathiolated proteins are also covered. Finally, the various therapeutic strategies to replenish GSH stocks are discussed, in parallel with its use as an addressing molecule in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariane Boudier
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Pierre Leroy
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Singh H, Narang JK, Singla YP, Narang RS, Mishra V. TPGS stabilized sublingual films of frovatriptan for the management of menstrual migraine: Formulation, design and antioxidant activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Vuddanda PR, Montenegro-Nicolini M, Morales JO, Velaga S. Effect of plasticizers on the physico-mechanical properties of pullulan based pharmaceutical oral films. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:290-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mansuri S, Kesharwani P, Jain K, Tekade RK, Jain N. Mucoadhesion: A promising approach in drug delivery system. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sivaraman A, Banga AK. Formulation and evaluation of sublingual delivery of piroxicam using thermosensitive polymer with an inverted Franz diffusion cell. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 68:26-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the study was to prepare a sublingual formulation for piroxicam using a thermosensitive polymer and to evaluate its permeation through porcine sublingual mucosa.
Methods
Formulation technique utilized the transition property of poloxamer from solution state at room temperature to gel state at oromucosal temperature (37 °C). The permeation of the drug was evaluated using an inverted Franz diffusion cell technique that allowed the dosage form to be directly applied onto the substrate with required volume of saliva. The formulation was characterized for microscopy of the piroxicam crystals, sol–gel transition property and in-vitro diffusion study.
Key findings
Poloxamer-based formulation enhanced solubility and increased permeability of the piroxicam.
Conclusion
Poloxamer formulation with 0.1% w/w piroxicam delivered a cumulative amount of 11.99 ± 7.82 and 11.23 ± 1.79 μg/cm2, while non-poloxamer formulation delivered 3.57 ± 2.20 and 4.60 ± 6.90 μg/cm2 with 0.1 and 0.5 ml artificial saliva, respectively, through porcine sublingual tissue in 6 h. A similar delivery profile was observed for 0.05% w/w piroxicam formulation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunprasad Sivaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ajay K Banga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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