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De Luca E, Álvarez-Narváez S, Baptista RP, Maboni G, Blas-Machado U, Sanchez S. Epidemiologic investigation and genetic characterization of canine respiratory coronavirus in the Southeastern United States. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:46-55. [PMID: 37968872 PMCID: PMC10734574 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231213662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is one of the main causative agents of canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), an illness whose epidemiology is poorly understood. We assessed the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic characterization of CRCoV in privately owned dogs in the Southeastern United States. We PCR-screened 189 nasal swabs from dogs with and without CIRD clinical signs for 9 CIRD-related pathogens, including CRCoV; 14% of dogs, all diagnosed with CIRD, were positive for CRCoV, with a significantly higher rate of cases in younger dogs and during warmer weather. Notably, the presence of CRCoV, alone or in coinfection with other CIRD pathogens, was statistically associated with a worse prognosis. We estimated a CRCoV seroprevalence of 23.7% retrospectively from 540 serum samples, with no statistical association to dog age, sex, or season, but with a significantly higher presence in urban counties. Additionally, the genomes of 6 CRCoVs were obtained from positive samples using an in-house developed targeted amplicon-based approach specific to CRCoV. Subsequent phylogeny clustered their genomes in 2 distinct genomic groups, with most isolates sharing a higher similarity with CRCoVs from Sweden and only 1 more closely related to CRCoVs from Asia. We provide new insights into CIRD and CRCoV epidemiology in the Southeastern United States and further support the association of CRCoV with more severe cases of CIRD. Additionally, we developed and successfully tested a new amplicon-based approach for whole-genome sequencing of CRCoV that can be used to further investigate the genetic diversity within CRCoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana De Luca
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Sonsiray Álvarez-Narváez
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Grazieli Maboni
- Departments of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Susan Sanchez
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Yondo A, Kalantari AA, Fernandez-Marrero I, McKinney A, Naikare HK, Velayudhan BT. Predominance of Canine Parainfluenza Virus and Mycoplasma in Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex in Dogs. Pathogens 2023; 12:1356. [PMID: 38003820 PMCID: PMC10675171 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is caused by different viruses and bacteria. Viruses associated with CIRDC include canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine herpesvirus type 1 (CHV-1), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV). Bacteria associated with CIRDC include Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus), and Mycoplasma spp. The present study examined the prevalence of CIRDC pathogens in specimens received by a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Georgia, USA., from 2018 to 2022. Out of 459 cases, viral agents were detected in 34% of cases and bacterial agents were detected in 58% of cases. A single pathogen was detected in 31% of cases, while two or more pathogens were identified in 24% of cases. The percentages of viral agents identified were CAV-2 (4%), CDV (3%), CPIV (16%), CRCoV (7%), and CIV (2%). The percentages of bacterial agents were B. bronchiseptica (10%), Mycoplasma canis (24%), Mycoplasma cynos (21%), and S. zooepidemicus (2%). Over the five-year period, the positive cases ranged from 2-4% for CAV-2, 1-7% for CDV, 1-4% for CHV-1, 9-22% for CPIV, 4-13% for CRCoV, and 1-4% for CIV. Overall, the most prevalent pathogens associated with CIRDC were CPIV, M. canis, and M. cynos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelle Yondo
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Allen A. Kalantari
- Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA (H.K.N.)
| | - Ingrid Fernandez-Marrero
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Amy McKinney
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hemant K. Naikare
- Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA (H.K.N.)
| | - Binu T. Velayudhan
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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3
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Chamorro BM, Luca KD, Swaminathan G, Rochereau N, Majorel J, Poulet H, Chanut B, Piney L, Mundt E, Paul S. Mucosal Vaccination with Live Attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica Protects against Challenge in Wistar Rats. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050982. [PMID: 37243086 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). Several vaccines targeting this pathogen are currently licensed for use in dogs, but their mechanism of action and the correlates of protection are not fully understood. To investigate this, we used a rat model to examine the immune responses induced and the protection conferred by a canine mucosal vaccine after challenge. Wistar rats were vaccinated orally or intranasally on D0 and D21 with a live attenuated Bb vaccine strain. At D35, the rats of all groups were inoculated with 103 CFU of a pathogenic strain of B. bronchiseptica. Animals vaccinated via either the intranasal or the oral route had Bb-specific IgG and IgM in their serum and Bb-specific IgA in nasal lavages. Bacterial load in the trachea, lung, and nasal lavages was lower in vaccinated animals than in non-vaccinated control animals. Interestingly, coughing improved in the group vaccinated intranasally, but not in the orally vaccinated or control group. These results suggest that mucosal vaccination can induce mucosal immune responses and provide protection against a Bb challenge. This study also highlights the advantages of a rat model as a tool for studying candidate vaccines and routes of administration for dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Miguelena Chamorro
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Karelle De Luca
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Gokul Swaminathan
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jade Majorel
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Poulet
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Lauriane Piney
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- 3CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Cordisco M, Lucente MS, Sposato A, Cardone R, Pellegrini F, Franchini D, Di Bello A, Ciccarelli S. Canine Parainfluenza Virus Infection in a Dog with Acute Respiratory Disease. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070346. [PMID: 35878363 PMCID: PMC9320280 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A one-day history of dry paroxysmal cough, associated with retching, induced by canine parainfluenza virus without the simultaneous presence of other pathogens, has been reported in a vaccinated household dog. The dog did not show nasal discharge or fever, but it was possible to evoke a dry cough through the palpation of the trachea. Radiographic findings of the thorax showed a diffuse unstructured interstitial pattern with the involvement of multiple lung lobes. Trachea-bronchoscopy and broncho-alveolar lavage were carried out. Edema without exudate and congested mucosa from the larynx to bronchi were observed. Cytological evaluation was negative for the presence of inflammatory or infectious processes. Nucleic acids were extracted from the collected specimens; biomolecular investigations tested positive only for canine parainfluenza virus and negative for all other pathogens associated with “kennel cough”. At first, the afebrile onset and the coughing fits suggested the presence of a foreign body, a common occurrence in Southern Italy during summer. The clinical signs and the absence of findings by cytology have directed the clinicians towards the correct diagnosis, with the support of biomolecular assays, which are fundamental to avoid underestimating the circulation of this virus, even in owned dogs. Abstract The canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is an endemic respiratory syndrome caused by different bacterial and viral pathogens. This report describes a case of canine parainfluenza virus infection in a vaccinated household dog with an acute respiratory symptom (dry cough), who underwent clinical and endoscopic investigations for a suspected foreign body. Cytological investigations carried out on the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) tested negative for the presence of inflammatory or infectious processes and could have been misleading the clinicians. By the molecular analyses (PCR) carried out on the BALF, canine parainfluenza virus was exclusively detected without the simultaneous presence of other respiratory pathogens associated to CIRDC. This case report emphasizes the role of molecular diagnostics in the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases, in order to avoid underestimating the circulation of the parainfluenza virus in the canine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.L.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.L.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessio Sposato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 72028 Torre S. Susanna, Italy;
| | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.L.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.L.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Delia Franchini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.L.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonio Di Bello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.L.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.F.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Ciccarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (M.C.); (M.S.L.); (R.C.); (F.P.); (D.F.); (S.C.)
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Scott-Garrard M, Wang X, Chiang YW, David F. Thirteen-month duration of immunity of an oral canine vaccine against challenge with Bordetella bronchiseptica. Vet Rec Open 2020; 7:e000423. [PMID: 33093964 PMCID: PMC7570226 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2020-000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very few studies have evaluated the duration of immunity of Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines in dogs, and to date, no studies have been published on the duration of immunity of oral canine Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of a single dose of an oral B bronchiseptica vaccine in dogs when challenged 13 months after vaccination. Methods Two groups of approximately eight-week-old beagles were vaccinated once with 1 ml of placebo vaccine (oral, n=17) or 1 ml of Recombitek Oral Bordetella (oral, n=17). Thirteen months after vaccination, both groups were challenged with virulent B bronchiseptica via aerosolisation. Results Thirteen of 17 dogs in the placebo group (76.5 per cent) and no dogs in the Recombitek Oral Bordetella vaccine group (0.0 per cent) developed spontaneous cough of two or more consecutive days (disease case definition). Dogs in the Recombitek Oral Bordetella group had a significantly lower prevalence of disease with prevented fraction of 1 (100 per cent prevention). In addition, the number of days coughing, duration of cough and prevalence of tracheal and nasal shedding were significantly lower for dogs vaccinated with Recombitek Oral Bordetella. Conclusions The study demonstrated that vaccination with Recombitek Oral Bordetella is effective in preventing disease and reducing shedding 13 months after vaccination when compared with dogs vaccinated with a placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinshuo Wang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Yu-Wei Chiang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Frederic David
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Athens, Georgia, USA
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6
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Maboni G, Seguel M, Lorton A, Berghaus R, Sanchez S. Canine infectious respiratory disease: New insights into the etiology and epidemiology of associated pathogens. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215817. [PMID: 31022218 PMCID: PMC6483346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a syndrome where multiple viral and bacterial pathogens are involved sequentially or synergistically to cause illness. There is limited information regarding the prevalence of pathogens related to CIRD in the United States as well as the role of co-infections in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive etiologic and epidemiologic study of multiple CIRD agents in a diverse dog population using molecular methods and statistical modeling analyses. In addition, a novel probe-based multiplex real-time PCR was developed to simultaneously detect and differentiate two species of Mycoplasma (M. canis and M. cynos). Canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, influenza A virus (H3N2 and H3N8), Bordetella bronchiseptica, M. canis, M. cynos and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus were investigated in specimens from clinically ill and asymptomatic dogs received at the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Results showed low occurrence of classical CIRD agents such as B. bronchiseptica, canine adenovirus and distemper virus, while highlighting the potential role of emerging bacteria such as M. canis and M. cynos. Statistical modeling analyses of CIRD pathogens emphasized the impact of co-infections on the severity of clinical presentation, and showed that host factors, such as animal age, are the most important predictors of disease severity. This study provides new insights into the current understanding of the prevalence and role of co-infections with selected viruses and bacteria in the etiology of CIRD, while underscoring the importance of molecular diagnosis and vaccination against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazieli Maboni
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mauricio Seguel
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Lorton
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Roy Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Chen Z. Parainfluenza virus 5-vectored vaccines against human and animal infectious diseases. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28. [PMID: 29316047 PMCID: PMC7169218 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative‐sense, nonsegmented, single‐stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. Parainfluenza virus 5 is an excellent viral vector and has been used as a live vaccine for kennel cough for many years in dogs without any safety concern. It can grow to high titers in many cell types, and its genome is stable even in the presence of foreign gene insertions. So far, PIV5 has been used to develop vaccines against influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, demonstrating its ability to elicit robust and protective immune responses in preclinical animal models. Parainfluenza virus 5–based vaccines can be administered intranasally, intramuscularly, or orally. Interestingly, prior exposure of PIV5 does not prevent a PIV5‐vectored vaccine from generating robust immunity, indicating that the vector can be used more than once. Here, these encouraging results are reviewed together along with discussion of the desirable advantages of the PIV5 vaccine vector to aid future vaccine design and to accelerate progression of PIV5‐based vaccines into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JS, China
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Mitchell JA, Cardwell JM, Leach H, Walker CA, Le Poder S, Decaro N, Rusvai M, Egberink H, Rottier P, Fernandez M, Fragkiadaki E, Shields S, Brownlie J. European surveillance of emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. Vet Microbiol 2017; 212:31-38. [PMID: 29173585 PMCID: PMC7117498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The largest study of its kind in the field to date, including high-risk kennelled dogs, and for the first time, pet dogs and dogs from other cohorts. A clearly identifiable link between disease and the emerging pathogens: canine respiratory coronavirus and canine pneumovirus. Provides, substantial evidence of CIRD and the circulation of the novel pathogens studied in pet dogs, and dogs from other cohorts. Demonstrates the role and limitations of current vaccine strategies in managing CIRD outbreaks, and the need for including emerging pathogens.
Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a major cause of morbidity in dogs worldwide, and is associated with a number of new and emerging pathogens. In a large multi-centre European study the prevalences of four key emerging CIRD pathogens; canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine pneumovirus (CnPnV), influenza A, and Mycoplasma cynos (M. cynos); were estimated, and risk factors for exposure, infection and clinical disease were investigated. CIRD affected 66% (381/572) of the dogs studied, including both pet and kennelled dogs. Disease occurrence and severity were significantly reduced in dogs vaccinated against classic CIRD agents, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), but substantial proportions (65.7%; 201/306) of vaccinated dogs remained affected. CRCoV and CnPnV were highly prevalent across the different dog populations, with overall seropositivity and detection rates of 47% and 7.7% for CRCoV, and 41.7% and 23.4% for CnPnV, respectively, and their presence was associated with increased occurrence and severity of clinical disease. Antibodies to CRCoV had a protective effect against CRCoV infection and more severe clinical signs of CIRD but antibodies to CnPnV did not. Involvement of M. cynos and influenza A in CIRD was less apparent. Despite 45% of dogs being seropositive for M. cynos, only 0.9% were PCR positive for M. cynos. Only 2.7% of dogs were seropositive for Influenza A, and none were positive by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy A Mitchell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Jacqueline M Cardwell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Heather Leach
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Caray A Walker
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Sophie Le Poder
- ENVA, University of Paris-Est, UMR 1161 Virologie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; INRA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; ANSES, Laboratoire de santé animale, UMR 1161 Virologie, 94704 Maisons Alfort, France.
| | - Nicola Decaro
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy.
| | - Miklos Rusvai
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istvan u. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Herman Egberink
- University of Utrecht, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Peter Rottier
- University of Utrecht, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Mireia Fernandez
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic Veterinari, Universitat Automa de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
| | - Eirini Fragkiadaki
- Agricultural University of Athens, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, 75 Iera Odos str., 118 55, Athens, Greece.
| | - Shelly Shields
- Zoetis, Global Biologics Research-Companion Animals/Equine, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
| | - Joe Brownlie
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
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Establishment and characterization of a telomerase-immortalized canine bronchiolar epithelial cell line. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9135-46. [PMID: 26156242 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dogs are susceptible to infectious diseases that occur primarily in the respiratory tract. The airway epithelium acts as a first line of defense and is constantly exposed to microorganisms present in the environment. Respiratory epithelial cells have recently gained wide use as a cell model for studying the pathogenesis of human, murine or swine respiratory pathogen infections. However, studies of the pathogenic mechanisms of canine pathogens have been hindered by the lack of reliable respiratory cell lines. Here, we cultured primary canine bronchiolar epithelial cells (CBECs), whose characteristics were confirmed by their expression of the epithelial cell-specific marker cytokeratin 18, and have provided protocols for their isolation and ex vivo expansion. Further, we established immortalized CBECs containing the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene via transfection of primary CBECs with the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-hTERT. Immortalized bronchiolar epithelial cells (hTERT-CBECs) retain the morphological and functional features of primary CBECs, as indicated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, proliferation assays, karyotype analysis, telomerase activity assay, and Western blotting, which demonstrate that hTERT-CBECs have higher telomerase activity, an extended proliferative lifespan, and a diploid complement of chromosomes, even after Passage 50. Moreover, this cell line is not transformed, as evaluated using soft agar assays and tumorigenicity analysis in nude mice, and can therefore be safely used in future studies. The isolation and establishment of stable hTERT-CBECs is of great importance for use as an in vitro model for mechanistic studies of canine pathogenic infections.
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