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Ang JJ, Shivashekaregowda NKH, Yow HY, Rizwan F, Wong PF, Jantan I, Omar MH, Misnan NM, Low BS. Stimulatory effect of eurycomanone from Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots on dopamine secretion in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 39066784 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2383272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Eurycomanone has been identified as the major bioactive compound contributing to Eurycoma longifolia (EL) aphrodisiac activity, however, its mechanism of action remains obscured. Presently, eurycomanone was isolated from EL root extract and its molecular structure was identified. The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was differentiated into human dopaminergic neuron-like cells. Exogenous dopamine levels from the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were quantified following the treatment of 5, 10, 15 μM of eurycomanone and 10 μM clorgyline as positive control. Dopamine secretion was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the vehicle control (p < .01) in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Dopamine concentration stimulated by 15 μM eurycomanone was significantly higher than clorgyline (p < .05), an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A that suppresses dopamine catabolism. In conclusion, eurycomanone stimulated dopamine release of human SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells, which could be one of the mechanisms that underpin the aphrodisiac properties of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jie Ang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hui-Yin Yow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farzana Rizwan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institut Biologi Sistem, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Hasyima Omar
- Photochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazlan Mohmad Misnan
- Photochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bin-Seng Low
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wu L, Dong Y, Zhu C, Chen Y. Effect and mechanism of acupuncture on Alzheimer's disease: A review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1035376. [PMID: 36936498 PMCID: PMC10020224 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1035376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development trend of an aging society, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become an urgent problem in the field of medicine worldwide. Cognitive impairment in AD patients leads to a decline in the ability to perform daily living and abnormalities in behavior and personality, causing abnormal psychiatric symptoms, which seriously affect the daily life of patients. Currently, mainly drug therapy is used for AD patients in the clinic, but a large proportion of patients will experience drug efficacy not working, and even some drugs bring severe sleep disorders. Acupuncture, with its unique concept and treatment method, has been validated through a large number of experiments and proved its reliability of acupuncture in the treatment of AD. Many advances have been made in the study of the neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of AD, further demonstrating the good efficacy and unique advantages of acupuncture in the treatment of AD. This review first summarizes the pathogenesis of AD and then illustrates the research progress of acupuncture in the treatment of AD, which includes the effect of acupuncture on the changes of biochemical indicators in AD in vivo and the specific mechanism of action to exert the therapeutic effect. Changes in relevant indicators of AD similarly further validate the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment. The clinical and mechanistic studies of acupuncture in the treatment of AD are intensified to fit the need for social development. It is believed that acupuncture will achieve new achievements in the treatment of AD as research progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wu
- Department of Tuina, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Department of Galactophore, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Pharmacological effects of harmine and its derivatives: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1259-1275. [PMID: 33206346 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Harmine is isolated from the seeds of the medicinal plant, Peganum harmala L., and has been used for thousands of years in the Middle East and China. Harmine has many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and antitumor activities. Moreover, harmine exhibits insecticidal, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. Harmine derivatives exhibit pharmacological effects similar to those of harmine, but with better antitumor activity and low neurotoxicity. Many studies have been conducted on the pharmacological activities of harmine and harmine derivatives. This article reviews the pharmacological effects and associated mechanisms of harmine. In addition, the structure-activity relationship of harmine derivatives has been summarized.
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Romero A, Marco-Contelles J, Ramos E. Highlights of ASS234: a novel and promising therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:30-35. [PMID: 31535639 PMCID: PMC6862399 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no effective treatment to face Alzheimer’s disease complexity. Multitarget molecules are a good approach against the multiple physiopathological events associated with its development and progression. In this context, N-((5-(3-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl) propoxy)-1- methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl)-N-methylprop-2-yn-1-amine (ASS234) has been tested achieving promising results. ASS234 has demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier in vivo, and a good in silico safety profile being less toxic than donepezil. Besides, ASS234 reversibly inhibits human acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase, and irreversibly inhibits human monoamine oxidase A and B. Moreover, this multitarget molecule has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, and inhibits Αβ1–42 and Αβ1–40 self-aggregation. Inquiring about the mechanism of action, several signaling pathways related to Alzheimer’s disease had been explored showing that ASS234 induces the wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) family and several members of the heat shock proteins family and moreover counteracts neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress-related genes promoting the induction of several key antioxidant genes. Finally, in vivo experiments with ASS234 in C57BL/6J mice displayed its ability to reduce amyloid plaque burden and gliosis in the cortex and hippocampus, ameliorating scopolamine-induced learning deficits. Here we gather the information regarding ASS234 evaluated so far, showing its ability to face different targets, necessary to counteract a neurodegenerative disease as complex as the Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Propargylamine-derived multi-target directed ligands for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126880. [PMID: 31864798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current options for the treatment of Alzheimeŕs disease have been restricted to prescription of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine. Propargylamine-derived multi-target directed ligands, such as ladostigil, M30, ASS234 and contilisant, involve different pathways. Apart from acting as inhibitors of both cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases, they show improvement of cognitive impairment, antioxidant activities, enhancement of iron-chelating activities, protect against tau hyperphosphorylation, block metal-associated oxidative stress, regulate APP and Aβ expression processing by the non-amyloidogenic α-secretase pathway, suppress mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and coordinate protein kinase C signaling and Bcl-2 family proteins. Other hybrid propargylamine derivatives are also reported.
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Jiang B, Meng L, Zou N, Wang H, Li S, Huang L, Cheng X, Wang Z, Chen W, Wang C. Mechanism-based pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics studies of harmine and harmaline on neurotransmitters regulatory effects in healthy rats: Challenge on monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152967. [PMID: 31154274 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Carboline alkaloid harmine (HAR) and harmaline (HAL) are monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. However, whether HAR and HAL inhibit MAO or AChE selectively and competitively is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential competition inhibition of HAR and HAL on MAO and AChE in brain endothelial cells (RBE4) and in healthy rats to provide a basis for the application of the inhibitors in the treatment of patients with depression and with Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The transport properties of HAR and HAL by using blood-brain barrier models constructed with RBE4 were systematically investigated. Then, the modulation effects of HAR and HAL on CNS neurotransmitters (NTs) in healthy rat brains were determined by a microdialysis method coupled with LC-MS/MS. The competition inhibition of HAR and HAL on MAO and AChE was evaluated through real time-PCR, Western blot analysis, and molecular docking experiments. RESULTS Results showed that HAL and HAR can be detected in the blood and striatum 300 min after intravenous injection (1 mg/kg). Choline (Ch), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), and phenylalanine (Phe) levels in the striatum decreased in a time-dependent manner after the HAL treatment, with average velocities of 1.41, 0.73, 3.86, and 1.10 (ng/ml)/min, respectively. The Ch and GABA levels in the striatum decreased after the HAR treatment, with average velocities of 1.16 and 0.22 ng/ml/min, respectively. The results of the cocktail experiment using the human liver enzyme indicated that the IC50 value of HAL on MAO-A was 0.10 ± 0.08 µm and that of HAR was 0.38 ± 0.21 µm. Their IC50 values on AChE were not obtained. These findings indicated that HAL and HAR selectively acted on MAO in vitro. However, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis results showed that the AChE mRNA and protein expression decreased in a time-dependent manner in RBE4 cells after the HAR and HAL treatments. CONCLUSION NT analysis results showed that HAL and HAR selectively affect AChE in vivo. HAL and HAR may be highly and suitably developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liyuan Meng
- Department of Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Nan Zou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanxue Wang
- Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 230 Baoding Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Tripathi RKP, Ayyannan SR. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors as potential neurotherapeutic agents: An overview and update. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1603-1706. [PMID: 30604512 DOI: 10.1002/med.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have made significant contributions and remain an indispensable approach of molecular and mechanistic diversity for the discovery of antineurodegenerative drugs. However, their usage has been hampered by nonselective and/or irreversible action which resulted in drawbacks like liver toxicity, cheese effect, and so forth. Hence, the search for selective MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) has become a substantial focus in current drug discovery. This review summarizes our current understanding on MAO-A/MAO-B including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and biological functions with emphases on the role of MAO-B as a potential therapeutic target for the development of medications treating neurodegenerative disorders. It also highlights the recent developments in the discovery of potential MAO-B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) belonging to diverse chemical scaffolds, arising from intensive chemical-mechanistic and computational studies documented during past 3 years (2015-2018), with emphases on their potency and selectivity. Importantly, readers will gain knowledge of various newly established MAO-BI scaffolds and their development potentials. The comprehensive information provided herein will hopefully accelerate ideas for designing novel selective MAO-BIs with superior activity profiles and critical discussions will inflict more caution in the decision-making process in the MAOIs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Kailash Prasad Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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del Pino J, Marco-Contelles J, López-Muñoz F, Romero A, Ramos E. Neuroinflammation Signaling Modulated by ASS234, a Multitarget Small Molecule for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2880-2885. [PMID: 30048111 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is clear evidence that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, modulating the inflammatory environment in brain has become a powerful and attractive strategy to deal with Alzheimer's disease physiopathology. In spite of the neuroprotective capacity shown by ASS234, a multitarget propargylamine targeted for Alzheimer's disease, its regulation of inflammation in the brain still remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to characterize possible anti-inflammatory effects of ASS234, counteracting induced inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells and evaluating seven neuroinflammation related genes expression profiling (IL-6, IL-10, IL1β, NF-κB, TNF-α, TNFR1, and TGF-β), after ASS234 (5 μM) treatment in SH-SY5Y cells. The analysis of the obtained fold changes lead us to conclude that ASS234 may play an important role facing the neuroinflammatory environment in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier del Pino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, “Hospital 12 de Octubre” Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Ramos E, Marco-Contelles J, López-Muñoz F, Romero A. In silico assessment of the metabolism and its safety significance of multitarget propargylamine ASS234. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:981-983. [PMID: 29808538 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC) Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.,Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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