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Mosaoa RM, Al-Rabia MW, Asfour HZ, Alhakamy NA, Mansouri RA, El-Agamy DS, Abdulaal WH, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Elshal M. Targeting SIRT1/AMPK/Nrf2/NF-кB by sitagliptin protects against oxidative stress-mediated ER stress and inflammation during ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury. Toxicology 2024; 507:153889. [PMID: 39029735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis is a common clinical form of hepatobiliary injury characterized by the intrahepatic accumulation of toxic bile acids. Besides its antidiabetic activity, the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin (SG) has been recently assigned diverse pharmacological activities and therapeutic potential against different disorders owing to its emerging antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study explored the potential hepatoprotective effect of SG on α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestatic liver injury (CLI) in mice and investigate its possible targeted signaling pathways. Mice received SG (10 and 20 mg/kg) for four consecutive days, two days before and after a single oral administration of ANIT (75 mg/kg). Our results revealed that SG administration remarkably prevented ANIT-induced histopathological lesions in the liver and maintained hepatic functions and oxidative/antioxidant balance. Ultimately, SG counteracted the inflammatory response in the liver, as indicated by the marked suppression of hepatic expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6. Moreover, it inhibited the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in the liver. These beneficial effects of SG were accompanied by upregulation of SIRT1, p-AMPK, and Nrf2 expressions while downregulating keap1 expression in the liver. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate the ability of SG to protect against ANIT-induced CLI through modulating multiple signaling cascades, including SIRT1/AMPK, Nrf2/keap1, and NF-кB, which resulted in enhanced antioxidant capacity and repressed inflammatory and ER stress responses in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami M Mosaoa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed W Al-Rabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hani Z Asfour
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rasha A Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dina S El-Agamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Preparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud Elshal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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2
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Abbas SH, Ceresa CDL, Pollok JM. Steatotic Donor Transplant Livers: Preservation Strategies to Mitigate against Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4648. [PMID: 38731866 PMCID: PMC11083584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease, yet the UK has seen a 400% increase in liver disease-related deaths since 1970, constrained further by a critical shortage of donor organs. This shortfall has necessitated the use of extended criteria donor organs, including those with evidence of steatosis. The impact of hepatic steatosis (HS) on graft viability remains a concern, particularly for donor livers with moderate to severe steatosis which are highly sensitive to the process of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and static cold storage (SCS) leading to poor post-transplantation outcomes. This review explores the pathophysiological predisposition of steatotic livers to IRI, the limitations of SCS, and alternative preservation strategies, including novel organ preservation solutions (OPS) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), to mitigate IRI and improve outcomes for steatotic donor livers. By addressing these challenges, the liver transplant community can enhance the utilisation of steatotic donor livers which is crucial in the context of the global obesity crisis and the growing need to expand the donor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hussain Abbas
- Oxford Transplant Centre, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Carlo Domenico Lorenzo Ceresa
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK;
| | - Joerg-Matthias Pollok
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK;
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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3
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Jia L, Yang Y, Sun F, Tao H, Lu C, Yang JJ. Mitochondrial quality control in liver fibrosis: Epigenetic hallmarks and therapeutic strategies. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111035. [PMID: 38182067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a significant role in the progression of liver fibrosis, with key processes such as mitochondrial fission, fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial quality control in liver fibrosis, with the aim of uncovering novel therapeutic targets for treating, mitigating, and potentially reversing liver fibrosis, in light of the most recent advances in this field. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for published manuscripts using terms "mitochondrial quality control" "mitochondrial fission" "mitochondrial fusion" "mitochondrial biogenesis" "mitophagy" "liver fibrosis" "epigenetic regulation" "DNA methylation" "RNA methylation" "histone modification" and "non-coding RNA". Manuscripts were collated, studied and carried forward for discussion where appropriate. RESULTS Mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy regulate the homeostasis of mitochondria, and the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis can induce liver fibrosis. Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, plays a significant role in regulating the processes of mitochondrial homeostasis. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial quality control and epigenetic mechanisms are intricately linked to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Understanding these molecular interactions provides insight into potential therapeutic strategies. Further research is necessary to translate these findings into clinical applications, with a focus on developing epigenetic drugs to ameliorate liver fibrosis by modulating MQC and epigenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Chao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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4
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Ostróżka-Cieślik A. Modification of Preservative Fluids with Antioxidants in Terms of Their Efficacy in Liver Protection before Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1850. [PMID: 38339128 PMCID: PMC10855613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is currently the only effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver failure. In recent years, many advanced studies have been conducted to improve the efficiency of organ preservation techniques. Modifying the composition of the preservation fluids currently used may improve graft function and increase the likelihood of transplantation success. The modified fluid is expected to extend the period of safe liver storage in the peri-transplantation period and to increase the pool of organs for transplantation with livers from marginal donors. This paper provides a literature review of the effects of antioxidants on the efficacy of liver preservation fluids. Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using a combination of MeSH terms: "liver preservation", "transplantation", "preservation solution", "antioxidant", "cold storage", "mechanical perfusion", "oxidative stress", "ischemia-reperfusion injury". Studies published up to December 2023 were included in the analysis, with a focus on publications from the last 30 years. A total of 45 studies met the inclusion criteria. The chemical compounds analyzed showed mostly bioprotective effects on hepatocytes, including but not limited to multifactorial antioxidant and free radical protective effects. It should be noted that most of the information cited is from reports of studies conducted in animal models, most of them in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Ostróżka-Cieślik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Patrono D, De Stefano N, Vissio E, Apostu AL, Petronio N, Vitelli G, Catalano G, Rizza G, Catalano S, Colli F, Chiusa L, Romagnoli R. How to Preserve Steatotic Liver Grafts for Transplantation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3982. [PMID: 37373676 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver allograft steatosis is a significant risk factor for postoperative graft dysfunction and has been associated with inferior patient and graft survival, particularly in the case of moderate or severe macrovesicular steatosis. In recent years, the increasing incidence of obesity and fatty liver disease in the population has led to a higher proportion of steatotic liver grafts being used for transplantation, making the optimization of their preservation an urgent necessity. This review discusses the mechanisms behind the increased susceptibility of fatty livers to ischemia-reperfusion injury and provides an overview of the available strategies to improve their utilization for transplantation, with a focus on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting donor interventions, novel preservation solutions, and machine perfusion techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Patrono
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Vissio
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ana Lavinia Apostu
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Petronio
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitelli
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Catalano
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Rizza
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Catalano
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Colli
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiusa
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- General Surgery 2U-Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università di Torino, Corso Bramante 88-90, 10126 Turin, Italy
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6
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Mao B, Yuan W, Wu F, Yan Y, Wang B. Autophagy in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:115. [PMID: 37019879 PMCID: PMC10076300 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major complication of liver resection or liver transplantation that can seriously affect patient's prognosis. There is currently no definitive and effective treatment strategy for HIRI. Autophagy is an intracellular self-digestion pathway initiated to remove damaged organelles and proteins, which maintains cell survival, differentiation, and homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the regulation of HIRI. Numerous drugs and treatments can change the outcome of HIRI by controlling the pathways of autophagy. This review mainly discusses the occurrence and development of autophagy, the selection of experimental models for HIRI, and the specific regulatory pathways of autophagy in HIRI. Autophagy has considerable potential in the treatment of HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benliang Mao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bailin Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Missawi O, Jeddou IB, Venditti M, Zitouni N, Zaouali MA, Abdennebi HB, Messaoudi I, Reiter RJ, Minucci S, Banni M. Environmental microplastic accumulation exacerbates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat: Protective effects of melatonin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160155. [PMID: 36436653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is an inevitable complication of liver transplantation and partial hepatectomy. Although the hazards of environmental microplastics (EMPs) have been well explored, data underlying their impact on IR-induced hepatotoxicity and how to alleviate these damages remain largely undefined. In this study, the involvement of melatonin (MT) in modulating EMPs toxicity in the liver undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury was investigated. Male Wistar rats were exposed to MPs for 7 days and then subjected to 1 h of partial warm ischemia (70 %) followed by 24 h of reperfusion. We analyzed some parameters as the oxidative stress, the stability of cytoskeleton as well as inflammation, and autophagy. Our data suggested that EMPs elicited liver injury in ischemic animals. Data revealed several histological alterations caused by EMP and IRI, including cellular disorientation, cell necrosis, and microvacuolar steatosis, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration. EMPs increased blood transaminase (AST and ALT) and oxidative stress levels in the ischemic liver. In addition, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot analyses highlighted an increased expression of α-tubulin, IL-18, NFkB, and LC3. However, the ability of MT to reduce MPs and IRI toxicity was consistent with a significant decrease in the evaluated markers. The combined data not only document that melatonin is an effective agent to protect against hepatic IRI but also reduces cellular dysfunction caused by EMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma Missawi
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, ISA Chott-Mariem, Sousse University, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Ben Jeddou
- Laboratory of Human Genome and multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacie of Monastisr, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Massimo Venditti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section Human Physiology and Integrated Biological Functions "F. Bottazzi", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nesrine Zitouni
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, ISA Chott-Mariem, Sousse University, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amin Zaouali
- Laboratory of Human Genome and multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacie of Monastisr, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ben Abdennebi
- Laboratory of Human Genome and multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacie of Monastisr, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- LR11ES41, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sergio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section Human Physiology and Integrated Biological Functions "F. Bottazzi", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, ISA Chott-Mariem, Sousse University, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
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8
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Li J, Zha X, Kang Y, Zhang Z, Yan L, Song L, Wang C, Yang J. Oxygen-carrying sequential preservation mitigates liver grafts ischemia-reperfusion injury. iScience 2022; 26:105858. [PMID: 36636350 PMCID: PMC9829800 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-dependent preservation has been proposed to protect liver grafts from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we proposed an oxygen-carrying sequential preservation (OCSP) method that combined oxygenated static cold storage (SCS) and normothermic mechanical perfusion. We demonstrated that OCSP, especially with high oxygen partial pressure level (500-650mmHg) during the oxygenated SCS phase, was associated with decreased IRI of liver grafts and improved rat survival after transplantation. A negative correlation between autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) was found under OCSP and functional studies indicated OCSP suppressed ERSR-mediated cell apoptosis through autophagy activation. Further data showed that OCSP-induced autophagy activation and ERSR inhibition were oxygen-dependent. Finally, activated NFE2L2-HMOX1 signaling was found to induce autophagy under OCSP. Together, our findings indicate oxygen-dependent autophagy mitigates liver graft's IRI by ERSR suppression and modulates NFE2L2-HMOX1 signaling under OCSP, providing a theoretical basis for liver preservation using a composite-sequential mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - XiangJun Zha
- Department of Liver Surgery of West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lvnan Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Lujia Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
- Corresponding author
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9
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Jiao J, Jiang Y, Qian Y, Liu G, Xu M, Wang F, Sun X, Gao Y, Su L, Shi Y, Kong X. Expression of STING Is Increased in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Contributes to Liver Inflammation in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1745-1762. [PMID: 36174680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, aggravated by innate immune cell-mediated inflammatory response, is a major problem in liver transplantation. Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) is a crucial regulatory signaling molecule in the DNA-sensing pathway, and its activation can produce strong innate immunity. However, the STING-mediated innate immune pathway in hepatic I/R injury has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we first examined the STING expression changes in the liver tissues of mice after hepatic I/R injury by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. We then investigated the role of STING in I/R injury by using a murine hepatic I/R model. STING up-regulation in mouse liver tissues in response to I/R injury and STING deficiency in myeloid cells was found to significantly ameliorate I/R-induced liver injury and inflammatory responses. STING inhibitors were also able to ameliorate hepatic I/R injury. Mechanically, STING may have a protective effect on hepatic I/R injury by the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and enhancement of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase to reduce macrophage activation. These findings show the potential regulatory effects of STING in hepatic I/R and suggest a new method for clinical protection of hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Jiao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiya Jiang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Qian
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjie Liu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Wen B, Yang L, Guo J, Chang W, Wei S, Yu S, Qi X, Xue Q, Wang J. Peste des petits ruminants virus induces ERS-mediated autophagy to promote virus replication. Vet Microbiol 2022; 270:109451. [PMID: 35594636 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) has long been a significant threat to small ruminant productivity worldwide. Virus infection-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) and the subsequently activated unfolded protein response (UPR) play significant roles in viral replication and pathogenesis. However, the relationship between ERS and PPRV infection is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that ERS was induced during PPRV infection in caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). Importantly, we demonstrated that the induction of autophagy by PPRV was mediated by ERS. Furthermore, we found that the PERK/eIF2α pathway but not the ATF6 or IRE1 pathway was activated and that the activated PERK/eIF2α pathway participated in regulating ERS-mediated autophagy. Moreover, virus replication was required for PPRV infection-induced ERS-mediated autophagy and PERK pathway activation. Additionally, we revealed that either the viral nucleocapsid (N) or nonstructural protein C was sufficient to elicit ERS and activate the PERK/eIF2α pathway, which further increased autophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that PPRV N and C protein-induced autophagy enhances viral replication through the induction of ERS and that the PERK pathway may be involved in the activation of ERS-mediated autophagy during PPRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiaona Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenchi Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shaopeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengmeng Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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11
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Liver Graft Hypothermic Static and Oxygenated Perfusion (HOPE) Strategies: A Mitochondrial Crossroads. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105742. [PMID: 35628554 PMCID: PMC9143961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marginal liver grafts, such as steatotic livers and those from cardiac death donors, are highly vulnerable to ischemia–reperfusion injury that occurs in the complex route of the graft from “harvest to revascularization”. Recently, several preservation methods have been developed to preserve liver grafts based on hypothermic static preservation and hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) strategies, either combined or alone. However, their effects on mitochondrial functions and their relevance have not yet been fully investigated, especially if different preservation solutions/effluents are used. Ischemic liver graft damage is caused by oxygen deprivation conditions during cold storage that provoke alterations in mitochondrial integrity and function and energy metabolism breakdown. This review deals with the relevance of mitochondrial machinery in cold static preservation and how the mitochondrial respiration function through the accumulation of succinate at the end of cold ischemia is modulated by different preservation solutions such as IGL-2, HTK, and UW (gold-standard reference). IGL-2 increases mitochondrial integrity and function (ALDH2) when compared to UW and HTK. This mitochondrial protection by IGL-2 also extends to protective HOPE strategies when used as an effluent instead of Belzer MP. The transient oxygenation in HOPE sustains the mitochondrial machinery at basal levels and prevents, in part, the accumulation of energy metabolites such as succinate in contrast to those that occur in cold static preservation conditions. Additionally, several additives for combating oxygen deprivation and graft energy metabolism breakdown during hypothermic static preservation such as oxygen carriers, ozone, AMPK inducers, and mitochondrial UCP2 inhibitors, and whether they are or not to be combined with HOPE, are presented and discussed. Finally, we affirm that IGL-2 solution is suitable for protecting graft mitochondrial machinery and simplifying the complex logistics in clinical transplantation where traditional (static preservation) and innovative (HOPE) strategies may be combined. New mitochondrial markers are presented and discussed. The final goal is to take advantage of marginal livers to increase the pool of suitable organs and thereby shorten patient waiting lists at transplantation clinics.
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12
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Bona S, Fernandes SA, Moreira ACJ, Rodrigues G, Schemitt EG, Di Naso FC, Marroni CA, Marroni NP. Melatonin restores zinc levels, activates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, and modulates endoplasmic reticular stress and HSP in rats with chronic hepatotoxicity. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2022; 13:11-22. [PMID: 35433098 PMCID: PMC8968507 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v13.i2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin (MLT) is a potent antioxidant molecule that is shown to have a beneficial effect in various pathological situations, due to its action against free radicals.
AIM To evaluate the effect of MLT on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury in rats in terms of oxidative stress, reticular stress, and cell damage.
METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were divided into four groups: Control rats, rats treated with MLT alone, rats treated with CCl4 alone, and rats treated with CCl4 plus MLT. CCl4 was administered as follows: Ten doses every 5 d, ten every 4 d, and seven every 3 d. MLT was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg from the 10th wk to the end of the experiment (16th wk).
RESULTS MLT was able to reduce the release of liver enzymes in the bloodstream and to decrease oxidative stress in CCl4 treated rats by decreasing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increasing superoxide dismutase activity, with a lower reduction in serum zinc levels, guaranteeing a reduction in liver damage; additionally, it increased the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and decreased the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. MLT also decreased the expression of the proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, i.e., glucose-regulated protein 78 and activating transcription factor 6, as well as of heat shock factor 1 and heat shock protein 70.
CONCLUSION MLT has a hepatoprotective effect in an experimental model of CCl4-induced liver injury, since it reduces oxidative stress, restores zinc levels, and modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bona
- Medical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Alves Fernandes
- Posgraduate Program in Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040-001, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Janz Moreira
- Biological Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Graziella Rodrigues
- Medical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elizângela G Schemitt
- Medical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabio Cangeri Di Naso
- Postgraduate Program in Pneumological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90000-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudio A Marroni
- Posgraduate Program in Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040-001, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Norma P Marroni
- Medical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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13
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Hu C, Zhao L, Zhang F, Li L. Regulation of autophagy protects against liver injury in liver surgery-induced ischaemia/reperfusion. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9905-9917. [PMID: 34626066 PMCID: PMC8572770 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient ischaemia and reperfusion in liver tissue induce hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) tissue injury and a profound inflammatory response in vivo. Hepatic I/R can be classified into warm I/R and cold I/R and is characterized by three main types of cell death, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, in rodents or patients following I/R. Warm I/R is observed in patients or animal models undergoing liver resection, haemorrhagic shock, trauma, cardiac arrest or hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome when vascular occlusion inhibits normal blood perfusion in liver tissue. Cold I/R is a condition that affects only patients who have undergone liver transplantation (LT) and is caused by donated liver graft preservation in a hypothermic environment prior to entering a warm reperfusion phase. Under stress conditions, autophagy plays a critical role in promoting cell survival and maintaining liver homeostasis by generating new adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organelle components after the degradation of macromolecules and organelles in liver tissue. This role of autophagy may contribute to the protection of hepatic I/R‐induced liver injury; however, a considerable amount of evidence has shown that autophagy inhibition also protects against hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting autophagic cell death under specific circumstances. In this review, we comprehensively discuss current strategies and underlying mechanisms of autophagy regulation that alleviates I/R injury after liver resection and LT. Directed autophagy regulation can maintain liver homeostasis and improve liver function in individuals undergoing warm or cold I/R. In this way, autophagy regulation can contribute to improving the prognosis of patients undergoing liver resection or LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Pu JL, Huang ZT, Luo YH, Mou T, Li TT, Li ZT, Wei XF, Wu ZJ. Fisetin mitigates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating GSK3β/AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2021; 20:352-360. [PMID: 34024736 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI) represents a crucial challenge in liver transplantation. Fisetin has anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and anti-oxidative properties. This study aimed to examine whether fisetin mitigates hepatic IRI and examine its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sham or warm hepatic I/R operated mice were pretreated with fisetin (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg). Hepatic histological assessments, TUNEL assays and serum aminotransferase measurements were performed. An in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model using RAW264.7 macrophages pretreated with fisetin (2.5, 5 or 10 µmol/L) was also used. Serum and cell supernatant concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein levels of p-GSK3β, p-AMPK and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-associated proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the I/R group, fisetin pretreatment reduced pathological liver damage, serum aminotransferase levels, serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in the murine IRI model. Fisetin also reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins (NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18) in I/R-operated liver. The experiments in vitro showed that fisetin decreased the release of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, and reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins in H/R-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, fisetin increased the expressions of p-GSK3β and p-AMPK in both models, indicating that its anti-inflammatory effects were dependent on GSK3β/AMPK signaling. The anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin were partially inhibited by the AMPK specific inhibitor compound C. CONCLUSIONS Fisetin showed protective effects against hepatic IRI, countering inflammatory responses through mediating the GSK3β/AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zuo-Tian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yun-Hai Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tong Mou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhong-Tang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xu-Fu Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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15
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Álvarez-Mercado AI, Rojano-Alfonso C, Micó-Carnero M, Caballeria-Casals A, Peralta C, Casillas-Ramírez A. New Insights Into the Role of Autophagy in Liver Surgery in the Setting of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670273. [PMID: 34141709 PMCID: PMC8204012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral obesity is an important component of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of diseases that also includes diabetes and insulin resistance. A combination of these metabolic disorders damages liver function, which manifests as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a common cause of abnormal liver function, and numerous studies have established the enormously deleterious role of hepatic steatosis in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that inevitably occurs in both liver resection and transplantation. Thus, steatotic livers exhibit a higher frequency of post-surgical complications after hepatectomy, and using liver grafts from donors with NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of post-surgical morbidity and mortality in the recipient. Diabetes, another MetS-related metabolic disorder, also worsens hepatic I/R injury, and similar to NAFLD, diabetes is associated with a poor prognosis after liver surgery. Due to the large increase in the prevalence of MetS, NAFLD, and diabetes, their association is frequent in the population and therefore, in patients requiring liver resection and in potential liver graft donors. This scenario requires advancement in therapies to improve postoperative results in patients suffering from metabolic diseases and undergoing liver surgery; and in this sense, the bases for designing therapeutic strategies are in-depth knowledge about the molecular signaling pathways underlying the effects of MetS-related diseases and I/R injury on liver tissue. A common denominator in all these diseases is autophagy. In fact, in the context of obesity, autophagy is profoundly diminished in hepatocytes and alters mitochondrial functions in the liver. In insulin resistance conditions, there is a suppression of autophagy in the liver, which is associated with the accumulation of lipids, being this is a risk factor for NAFLD. Also, oxidative stress occurring in hepatic I/R injury promotes autophagy. The present review aims to shed some light on the role of autophagy in livers undergoing surgery and also suffering from metabolic diseases, which may lead to the discovery of effective therapeutic targets that could be translated from laboratory to clinical practice, to improve postoperative results of liver surgeries when performed in the presence of one or more metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Rojano-Alfonso
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Micó-Carnero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Peralta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araní Casillas-Ramírez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria "Bicentenario 2010", Ciudad Victoria, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Mexico
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16
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Hu C, Zhao L, Zhang F, Li L. Melatonin and its protective role in attenuating warm or cold hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13021. [PMID: 33751704 PMCID: PMC8016647 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the liver is the only organ with regenerative capacity, various injury factors induce irreversible liver dysfunction and end‐stage liver disease. Liver resection and liver transplantation (LT) are effective treatments for individuals with liver failure, liver cirrhosis and liver cancers. The remnant or transplanted liver tissues will undergo hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (IR), which leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, immune injury and liver damage. Moreover, systemic ischaemia induced by trauma, stroke, myocardial ischaemia, haemorrhagic shock and other injury factors also induces liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in individuals. Hepatic IRI can be divided into warm IRI, which is induced by liver surgery and systemic ischaemia, and cold IRI, which is induced by LT. Multiple studies have shown that melatonin (MT) acts as an endogenous free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity and is also able to attenuate hepatic IRI via its anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic capacities. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms and current strategies of MT administration in liver surgery for protecting against warm or cold hepatic IRI. We highlight strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of MT for attenuating hepatic IRI in different conditions. After the potential mechanisms underlying the interactions between MT and other important cellular processes during hepatic IR are clarified, more opportunities will be available to use MT to treat liver diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Li T, Fang T, Xu L, Liu X, Li X, Xue M, Yu X, Sun B, Chen L. Empagliflozin Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Activating the AMPK-TET2-Autophagy Pathway in vivo and in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:622153. [PMID: 33551821 PMCID: PMC7854384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.622153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation and fatty degeneration, is intertwined with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Empagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor that effectively lowers blood glucose, but its effect on MAFLD and associated mechanisms are not fully understood. Methods: Eight-week-old db/db mice, an in vivo model, were administered empagliflozin or saline intragastrically. A hepatocyte steatosis model was established by inducing HL7702 cells with high glucose and palmitic acid and then treated with or without empagliflozin. The autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator (AICAR)/inhibitor (Compound C) were used to determine the involvement of AMPK and autophagy in the regulation of lipid accumulation by empagliflozin. Ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) knockdown was achieved by siRNA transfection. Hepatic steatosis was evaluated by Oil Red O staining and triglyceride quantification. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot were performed to assess protein levels. Results: Empagliflozin alleviated liver steatosis in db/db mice and reduced triglyceride content and lipid accumulation in the hepatocyte steatosis model. Empagliflozin elevated autophagy, accompanied by an increase in p-AMPK and TET2. Both 3-MA and Compound C abolished the ability of empagliflozin to induce autophagy and reduce hepatic steatosis, while these effects could be recapitulated by AICAR treatment. TET2 knockdown resulted in autophagy inhibition and lipid accumulation despite empagliflozin treatment. Conclusion: Empagliflozin improves hepatic steatosis through the AMPK-TET2-autophagy pathway. The use of empagliflozin as a treatment for preventing and treating MAFLD in patients with T2DM warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linxin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Jiang L, Shen X, Dun Y, Xie M, Fu S, Zhang W, Qiu L, Ripley-Gonzalez JW, Liu S. Exercise combined with trimetazidine improves anti-fatal stress capacity through enhancing autophagy and heat shock protein 70 of myocardium in mice. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1680-1686. [PMID: 33746584 PMCID: PMC7976563 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.53899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anti-stress capacity is important to resist the occurrence of adverse events. To observe the effects of exercise, trimetazidine alone or combined on the anti-stress capacity of mice, and further explore its potential mechanism. Methods: Forty-four C57BL/6 male mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups (n=11 for each group): control group (group C), exercise group (group E), trimetazidine group (group T), exercise combined with trimetazidine group (group TE). After the intervention, each group was randomly subdivided into the exhaustive exercise (EE, n=6) and the non-EE (n=5) subgroups. The mice in the EE-subgroup underwent EE. Mice were sacrificed 12 hours later after EE. The myocardial ultrastructure and autophagosomes were observed under an electron microscope. The expression of autophagy-related proteins: BNIP3, LC3-II, and P62 were analyzed and the heat shock protein 70 mRNA transcription and protein expression were also investigated. Results: Exercise or trimetazidine increased the expression of BNIP3, LC3-II, and heat shock protein 70, decreased the expression of P62 pre- and post-EE while the combination has the synergistic effect. Conclusion: Exercise and trimetazidine, alone or combined enhanced the anti-stress capacity of mice significantly. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the promotion of autography and the expression of heat shock protein 70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Jiang
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R China.,Division of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Parkstr. 11, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xuanlin Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R China
| | - Yaoshan Dun
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R China
| | - Murong Xie
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R China
| | - Siqian Fu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R China
| | - Jeffrey W Ripley-Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R China
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19
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Zhu E, Wu H, Chen W, Qin Y, Liu J, Fan S, Ma S, Wu K, Mao Q, Luo C, Qin Y, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J. Classical swine fever virus employs the PERK- and IRE1-dependent autophagy for viral replication in cultured cells. Virulence 2020; 12:130-149. [PMID: 33380286 PMCID: PMC7781608 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1845040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated autophagy is indispensable for modulation of replication and pathogenesis of numerous mammalian viruses. We have previously shown that classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection induces ERS-mediated autophagy for maintaining viral replication both in vivo and in vitro, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclarified. Here we found that CSFV infection activates the PERK pathway-dependent complete autophagy to promote viral replication in cultured PK-15 and 3D4/2 cells. Likewise, our results also suggested the essential roles of the IRE1/GRP78-mediated complete autophagy in CSFV replication in vitro. Furthermore, we suggested that CSFV infection induces activation of the PERK and IRE1 pathway for potential immunoregulation via promoting transcription of proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ and TNF-α) genes in the CSFV-infected cells. Finally, pharmacological treatment of PERK- or IRE1-pathway regulators, and the corresponding SiRNAs interventions did not affect the viabilities of the cells, excluding the potential interference elicited by altered cell viabilities. Taken together, our results suggest that CSFV infection induces complete autophagy through activation of the PERK and IRE1 pathway to facilitate viral replication in cultured cells, and modulation of proinflammatory cytokines may be a potential mechanism involved in this event. Our findings will open new horizons for molecular mechanisms of sustainable replication and pathogenesis of CSFV, and lay a theoretical foundation for the development of ERS-autophagy-targeting therapeutic strategies for clinical control of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Huawei Wu
- Department of Viral Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaowei Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixian Qin
- Department of Viral Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture , Guangzhou, China
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20
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RSK2 protects human breast cancer cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress through activating AMPKα2-mediated autophagy. Oncogene 2020; 39:6704-6718. [PMID: 32958832 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy can protect stressed cancer cell by degradation of damaged proteins and organelles. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind this cellular process remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that RSK2 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) plays a critical role in ER stress-induced autophagy in breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that the promotive effect of RSK2 on autophagy resulted from directly binding of AMPKα2 in nucleus and phosphorylating it at Thr172 residue. IRE1α, an ER membrane-associated protein mediating unfolded protein response (UPR), is required for transducing the signal for activation of ERK1/2-RSK2 under ER stress. Suppression of autophagy by knockdown of RSK2 enhanced the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ER stress both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of RSK2-mediated autophagy rendered breast cancer cells more sensitive to paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent that induces ER stress-mediated cell death. This study identifies RSK2 as a novel controller of autophagy in tumor cells and suggests that targeting RSK2 can be exploited as an approach to reinforce the efficacy of ER stress-inducing agents against cancer.
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21
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Hosseinzadeh A, Kamrava SK, Moore BCJ, Reiter RJ, Ghaznavi H, Kamali M, Mehrzadi S. Molecular Aspects of Melatonin Treatment in Tinnitus: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1112-1128. [PMID: 30892162 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190319162147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus is a hearing disorder characterized by the perception of sound without external acoustic stimuli, which is caused by damage to the auditory system in response to excessive levels of noise, ototoxic agents and aging. Neural plasticity, oxidative/nitrosative stress and apoptosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of tinnitus. The expression of neural plasticity related to excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission leads to generation of abnormal sound in one's ears or head. Furthermore, hyperactivation and over-expression of NMDA receptors in response to excessive release of glutamate contribute to the calcium overload in the primary auditory neurons and subsequent cytotoxicity. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species are endogenously produced by different type of cochlear cells under pathological conditions, which cause direct damage to the intracellular components and apoptotic cell death. Cochlear hair-cell death contributes to the progressive deafferentation of auditory neurons, which consequently leads to the aberrant activity in several parts of the auditory pathway. Therefore, targeting neural plasticity, oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptosis and autophagy may ameliorate tinnitus. Melatonin is an endogenously produced indoleamine synchronizing circadian and circannual rhythms. Based on laboratory studies indicating the protective effect of melatonin against cochlear damage induced by acoustic trauma and ototoxic agents, and also clinical studies reporting the ability of melatonin to minimize the severity of tinnitus, melatonin is suggested to be a treatment option for the patient with tinnitus. Herein, we describe the ameliorative effect of melatonin on tinnitus, focusing on neural plasticity, oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptotsis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brian C J Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kamali
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Nasrallah H, Aissa I, Slim C, Boujbiha MA, Zaouali MA, Bejaoui M, Wilke V, Ben Jannet H, Mosbah H, Ben Abdennebi H. Effect of oleuropein on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidney. Life Sci 2020; 255:117833. [PMID: 32450167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oleuropein (OLE), the main phenolic compound present in olive leaves, on kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and to explore the underlying protective mechanism. MAIN METHODS Rat kidneys were subjected to 60 min of bilateral warm ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. OLE was administered orally 48 h, 24 h and 30 min prior to ischemia at doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight. The creatinine, urea, uric acid concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in plasma were evaluated. Oxidative stress and inflammation parameters were also assessed. Renal expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), inflammatory proteins and apoptotic proteins were evaluated using Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that OLE at 50 mg/kg reduced kidney IRI as revealed by a significant decrease of plasmatic creatinine, urea, uric acid concentrations and LDH activity. In parallel, OLE up-regulated antioxidant capacities. Moreover, OLE diminished the level of CRP and the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Finally, OLE enhanced AMPK phosphorylation as well as eNOS expression whereas MAPK, and cleaved caspase-3 implicated in cellular apoptosis were attenuated in the ischemic kidneys. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, this study shows that OLE could be used as therapeutic agent to reduce IRI through its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nasrallah
- Laboratoire de Génome Humain et Maladies Multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Aissa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, équipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels (LR11ES39), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chérifa Slim
- Laboratoire de Génome Humain et Maladies Multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujbiha
- Laboratoire de Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation (LR14ES06), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Zaouali
- Laboratoire de Génome Humain et Maladies Multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia; Département des Sciences du Vivant et Biotechnologie, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Bejaoui
- Laboratoire de Génome Humain et Maladies Multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Victoria Wilke
- Laboratoire de Génome Humain et Maladies Multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, équipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels (LR11ES39), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Habib Mosbah
- Laboratoire de Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation (LR14ES06), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ben Abdennebi
- Laboratoire de Génome Humain et Maladies Multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
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23
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Slim C, Zaouali MA, Nassrallah H, Ammar HH, Majdoub H, Bouraoui A, Abdennebi HB. Protective potential effects of fucoidan in hepatic cold ischemia-rerfusion injury in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:498-507. [PMID: 32243932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The necessity to increase the efficiency of organ preservation has pushed physicians to consider the use of pharmacological additives in preservation solutions to minimize ischemia reperfusion injury. Here, we evaluated the effect of fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharide from brown seaweed, as an additive to IGL-1 (Institut Georges Lopez) preservation solution. Livers from Wistar rats were preserved for 24 h at 4 °C in IGL-1 solution, enriched or not with fucoidan (100 mg/L). Thereafter, they were subjected to reperfusion (2 h, at 37 °C) using an isolated perfused rat liver model. The addition of fucoidan to IGL-1 solution reduced hepatic injury (AST, ALT) and improved liver function compared to IGL-1 solution without fucoidan. In addition, we noted a significant increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK, AKT protein kinase and GSK3-β, leading to a reduction in VDAC phosphorylation, as well as a reduction in apoptosis (caspase 3), mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. Furthermore, ERK1/2 and P38 MAPKs phosphorylation significantly decreased after supplementation of IGL-1 solution with fucoidan. In conclusion, the supplementation of IGL-1 solution with fucoidan maintained liver graft integrity and function through the prevention of the ER stress, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Fucoidan could be considered as potential natural therapeutic agent to alleviate graft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chérifa Slim
- Laboratoire du Génome Humain et Maladies multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Zaouali
- Laboratoire du Génome Humain et Maladies multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia; Département des Sciences du Vivant et Biotechnologie, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hana Nassrallah
- Laboratoire du Génome Humain et Maladies multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hiba Hadj Ammar
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abderrahman Bouraoui
- Laboratoire du Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments (LR12ES09), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ben Abdennebi
- Laboratoire du Génome Humain et Maladies multifactorielles (LR12ES07), Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia.
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24
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Wang J, Deng M, Wu H, Wang M, Gong J, Bai H, Wu Y, Pan J, Chen Y, Li S. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid alleviates orthotopic liver transplantation‑induced hepatic ischemia‑reperfusion injury by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/NF‑κB and AKT/mTOR pathways in rat Kupffer cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1875-1887. [PMID: 32236599 PMCID: PMC7169828 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms are involved in regulating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), in which Kupffer cells (KCs), which are liver-resident macrophages, play critical roles by regulating inflammation and the immune response. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory effects and induces autophagy. To investigate whether SAHA ameliorates IRI and the mechanisms by which SAHA exerts its effects, an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) rat model was established after treatment with SAHA. The results showed that SAHA effectively ameliorated OLT-induced IRI by reducing M1 polarization of KCs through inhibition of the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, the present study found that SAHA upregulates autophagy 5 protein (ATG5)/LC3B in KCs through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of ATG5 in KCs partly impaired the protective effect of SAHA on IR-injured liver. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that SAHA reduces M1 polarization of KCs by inhibiting the AKT/GSK3β/NF-κB pathway and upregulates autophagy in KCs through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which both alleviate OLT-induced IRI. The present study revealed that SAHA may be a novel treatment for the amelioration of OLT-induced IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Menghao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - He Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yakun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Junjiang Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Yibin City, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Shengwei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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25
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Di S, Wang Z, Hu W, Yan X, Ma Z, Li X, Li W, Gao J. The Protective Effects of Melatonin Against LPS-Induced Septic Myocardial Injury: A Potential Role of AMPK-Mediated Autophagy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:162. [PMID: 32373063 PMCID: PMC7176935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Melatonin is an indolamine secreted by the pineal gland, as well as most of the organs and tissues. In addition to regulating circadian biology, studies have confirmed the multiple pharmacological effects of melatonin. Melatonin provides a strong defense against septic myocardial injury. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully described. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of melatonin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury as well as the mechanisms involved. Methods: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to induce a septic myocardial injury model or an LPS shock model, depending on the dose of LPS. Melatonin was given (20 mg/kg/day, via intraperitoneal injection) for a week prior to LPS insult. 6 h after LPS injection, echocardiographic analysis, TUNEL staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot, quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA were used to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against LPS induced myocardial injury. AMPK inhibitor, autophagy activator and inhibitor, siRNAs were used for further validation. Results: Survival test showed that melatonin significantly increased the survival rate after LPS-induced shock. In the sepsis model, melatonin markedly ameliorated myocardial dysfunction, decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines, activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), improved mitochondrial function, and activated autophagy. To confirm whether the protection of melatonin was mediated by AMPK and autophagy, Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor; 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor; and Rapamycin (Rapa), an autophagy activator, were used in this study. AMPK inhibition down-regulated autophagy, abolished protection of melatonin, as indicated by significantly decreased cardiac function, increased inflammation and damaged mitochondrial function. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition by 3-MA significantly impaired the protective effects of melatonin, whereas autophagy activation by Rapa reversed LPS + Compound C induced myocardial injury. In addition, in vitro studies further confirmed the protection of melatonin against LPS-induced myocardial injury and the mechanisms involving AMPK-mediated autophagy signaling. Conclusions: In summary, our results demonstrated that melatonin protects against LPS-induced septic myocardial injury by activating AMPK mediated autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyin Di
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weimiao Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Weimiao Li
| | - Jianyuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Jianyuan Gao
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26
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Yang Y, Li N, Chen T, Zhang C, Liu L, Qi Y, Bu P. Trimetazidine ameliorates sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity in mice via the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:625-631. [PMID: 31545912 PMCID: PMC6764339 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1657905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Context: Sunitinib (SU) is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer agent whose clinical use is often limited by cardiovascular complications. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-angina agent that has been demonstrated cardioprotective effects in numerous cardiovascular conditions, but its potential effects in SU-induced cardiotoxicity have not been investigated. Objective: This study investigates the effect of TMZ in sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and in vitro and molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods: Male 129S1/SvImJ mice were treated with vehicle, SU (40 mg/kg/d) or SU and TMZ (20 mg/kg/d) via oral gavage for 28 days, and cardiovascular functions and cardiac protein expressions were examined. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with vehicle, SU (2-10 μM) or SU and TMZ (40-120 μM) for 48 h, and cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy, and protein expression was tested. Results: SU induces hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] + 28.33 ± 5.00 mmHg) and left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] - 11.16 ± 2.53%) in mice. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes, SU reduces cell viability (IC50 4.07 μM) and inhibits the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway (p < 0.05). TMZ co-administration with SU reverses SU-induced cardiotoxicity in mice (SBP - 23.75 ± 4.69 mmHg, LVEF + 10.95 ± 3.317%), alleviates cell viability loss in H9c2 cardiomyocytes (p < 0.01) and activates the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway in vivo (p < 0.001) and in vitro (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusions: Our results suggest TMZ as a potential cardioprotective approach for cardiovascular complications during SU regimen, and potentially for cardiotoxicity of other anticancer chemotherapies associated with cardiomyocyte autophagic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tongshuai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peili Bu
- Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- CONTACT Peili Bu Department of Cardiology, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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27
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Fang J, Yan Y, Teng X, Wen X, Li N, Peng S, Liu W, Donadeu FX, Zhao S, Hua J. Melatonin prevents senescence of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through activating NRF2 and inhibiting ER stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2954-2972. [PMID: 30362962 PMCID: PMC6224246 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can aid in the treatment of numerous diseases in animals. However, natural aging during in vitro expansion of ADMSCs prior to their use in transplantation restricts their beneficial effects. Melatonin is reported to exert biorhythm regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-senescence effects in various animal and cell models. Herein, by using a senescent canine ADMSCs (cADMSCs) cell model subjected to multiple passages in vitro, we investigated the effects of melatonin on ADMSCs senescence. We found that melatonin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell senescence. MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor inhibitor, luzindole, diminished the mRNA expression levels and rhythm expression amplitude of Bmal1 and Nrf2 genes. Nrf2 knockdown blocked the stimulatory effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD)-related gene expression and its inhibitory effects on ERS-related gene expression. At the same time, the inhibitory effects of melatonin on the NF-κB signaling pathway and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were blocked by Nrf2 knockdown in cADMSCs. Melatonin pretreatment improved the survival of cADMSCs and enhanced the beneficial effects of cADMSCs transplantation in canine acute liver injury. These results indicate that melatonin activates Nrf2 through the MT1/MT2 receptor pathway, stimulates ERAD, inhibits NF-κB and ERS, alleviates cADMSCs senescence, and improves the efficacy of transplanted cADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Teng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute Reader, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Protective Role of mTOR in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Involvement of Inflammation and Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7861290. [PMID: 31827701 PMCID: PMC6885218 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7861290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a common phenomenon after liver resection and transplantation, which often results in liver graft dysfunction such as delayed graft function and primary nonfunction. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, which coordinates cell growth and metabolism through sensing environmental inputs under physiological or pathological conditions, involved in the pathophysiological process of IR injury. In this review, we mainly present current evidence of the beneficial role of mTOR in modulating inflammation and autophagy under liver IR to provide some evidence for the potential therapies for liver IR injury.
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lncRNA AK054386 Functions as a ceRNA to Sequester miR-199 and Induce Sustained Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hepatic Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8189079. [PMID: 31827704 PMCID: PMC6885273 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8189079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a very complex pathological process that is often associated with liver trauma and surgery, especially liver transplantation surgery. Although endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a role in this process, the posttranscriptional regulators and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we report that the lncRNA AK054386 was increased in hepatic IRI models. Furthermore, AK054386 can act as a “competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)” and regulate ERS-related factors by binding and sequestering miR-199, which was shown to inhibit ERS in our previous report. Increased expression of AK054386, which might be mediated by activated NF-κB, resulted in sustained ERS and increased cell apoptosis and death in hepatic IRI mouse and cellular models. In contrast, AK054386 inhibition had protective effects on these models. Our data indicate that AK054386 and miR-199 are critical players in hepatic IRI, and we broadened the scope regarding ceRNA mechanisms. We hope that our results will improve the understanding of hepatic IRI and may provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Zhu E, Chen W, Qin Y, Ma S, Fan S, Wu K, Li W, Fan J, Yi L, Ding H, Chen J, Zhao M. Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Autophagy to Sustain Viral Replication in vivo and in vitro. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2545. [PMID: 31798542 PMCID: PMC6861840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy plays significant roles in replication and pathogenesis of many animal viruses. However, the relationship between ER stress, autophagy, and viral replication during in vivo and in vitro infection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) remains unclear. In this study, we established a pig model for CSFV infection and found that viral loads of CSFV differed in 10 kinds of infected organs, and that the degree of tissue lesions was to some extent positively correlated with CSFV replication in vivo. Next, we found that CSFV infection not only induced ER stress and subsequently activated three unfolded protein responses (UPR) pathways including protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6) pathways, but also triggered complete autophagy in main immune organs and partial nonimmune organs exhibiting severer pathological injuries and higher viral loads. However, only the IRE1 pathway and no autophagy were activated in some other nonimmune organs with slighter pathologies and lower viral loads. These results indicate a potential link between CSFV-induced ER stress and autophagy, both of which are associated with the CSFV replication in vivo. We further performed in vitro experiments and found that CSFV infection activates the PERK and IRE1 pathways and autophagy in cultured porcine kidney cell lines (PK-15) and macrophage cell lines (3D4/2), and pharmacological regulation of ER stress remarkably changed autophagic activities induced by CSFV, suggesting that CSFV-induced autophagy can be mediated by ER stress possibly via the PERK and IRE1 pathway. Furthermore, treatment with ER stress regulators significantly altered copy numbers of NS5B genes, expression of Npro proteins, and viral titers in CSFV-infected cells or in cells treated with autophagy regulators prior to CSFV infection, suggesting the requirement of ER stress-mediated autophagy for CSFV replication in vitro. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CSFV induces ER stress-mediated autophagy to sustain its replication in vivo and in vitro, which may be one of the potential strategies exploited by CSFV for immune evasion. This finding will provide new insights into mechanisms of replication and pathogenesis of CSFV, and development of new strategies for controlling CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jindai Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Pharmacological Benefits and Risk of Using Hormones in Organ Perfusion and Preservation Solutions in the Aspect of Minimizing Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury during Storage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6467134. [PMID: 31828112 PMCID: PMC6881579 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6467134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For several years, research has been carried out on the effectiveness of solutions for perfusion and preservation of organs, including the liver. There is a search for an optimal pharmacological composition of these solutions, allowing to preserve or improve vital functions of the organ for as long as possible until it is transplanted into a recipient. Hormones due to their properties, often resulting from their pleiotropic effects, may be a valuable component for optimizing the composition of liver perfusion and preservation solutions. The paper presents the current state of knowledge on liver perfusion and preservation solutions modified with hormones. It also shows the characteristics of the hormones evaluated, taking into account their physiological functions in the body.
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Rong B, Feng R, Liu C, Wu Q, Sun C. Reduced delivery of epididymal adipocyte-derived exosomal resistin is essential for melatonin ameliorating hepatic steatosis in mice. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12561. [PMID: 30659651 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte-derived exosomes (Exos) serve as bioinformation-containing messengers in cell-to-cell communications, and numerous reports demonstrate that resistin, an adipokine, is strongly associated with hepatic steatosis and other fatty liver diseases, suggesting that adipose dysfunction-generated altered pattern of exosomal cytokines may contribute to shaping the physiological activities in liver. Admittedly, melatonin-mediated positive effects on various tissues/organs have been respectively reported, but regulatory mechanisms of melatonin on the crosstalk between adipose tissue and liver have been investigated rarely. Overall, we hypothesize that the crosstalk originating from adipose tissue may be another worthy regulatory pathway for melatonin ameliorating of hepatic steatosis. Here, we first found the amount of adipocyte-derived exosomal resistin to be significantly decreased by melatonin supplementation. Compared to mice with ExosHFD or Exosresistin treatment, ExosMT remarkably ameliorated hepatic steatosis. Further test demonstrated that resistin was a pivotal cytokine which repressed phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (pAMPKα Thr172 ) to trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in hepatic steatosis, whereas ExosMT reversed these risks in hepatocytes. In adipocytes, we identified melatonin to reduce the production of resistin through the brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) transcriptional inhibition. Notably, we also confirmed that melatonin enhanced N6 -Methyladenosine (m6 A) RNA demethylation to degrade resistin mRNA in adipocytes. Overall, melatonin decreases traffic volume of adipocyte-generated exosomal resistin from adipocytes to hepatocytes, which further alleviates ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Our findings illustrate a novel melatonin-mediated regulatory pathway from adipocytes to hepatocytes, indicating that adipocyte-derived exosome is a new potential target for treating obesity and related hepatorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Rong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruonan Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenlong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Luo C, Yang Q, Liu Y, Zhou S, Jiang J, Reiter RJ, Bhattacharya P, Cui Y, Yang H, Ma H, Yao J, Lawler SE, Zhang X, Fu J, Rozental R, Aly H, Johnson MD, Chiocca EA, Wang X. The multiple protective roles and molecular mechanisms of melatonin and its precursor N-acetylserotonin in targeting brain injury and liver damage and in maintaining bone health. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:215-233. [PMID: 30315933 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone associated with sleep and wakefulness and is mainly produced by the pineal gland. Numerous physiological functions of melatonin have been demonstrated including anti-inflammation, suppressing neoplastic growth, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity as well as its role in regeneration of various tissues including the nervous system, liver, bone, kidney, bladder, skin, and muscle, among others. In this review, we summarize the recent advances related to the multiple protective roles of melatonin receptor agonists, melatonin and N-acetylserotonin (NAS), in brain injury, liver damage, and bone health. Brain injury, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and newborn perinatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy, is a major cause of mortality and disability. Liver disease causes serious public health problems and various factors including alcohol, chemical pollutants, and drugs induce hepatic damage. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans. Due in part to an aging population, both the cost of care of fracture patients and the annual fracture rate have increased steadily. Despite the discrepancy in the pathophysiological processes of these disorders, time frames and severity, they may share several common molecular mechanisms. Oxidative stress is considered to be a critical factor in these pathogeneses. We update the current state of knowledge related to the molecular processes, mainly including anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and anti-inflammation as well as other properties of melatonin and NAS. Particularly, the abilities of melatonin and NAS to directly scavenge oxygen-centered radicals and toxic reactive oxygen species, and indirectly act through antioxidant enzymes are disscussed. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences in the protection provided by melatonin and/or NAS in brain, liver and bone damage. We analyze the involvement of melatonin receptor 1A (MT1), melatonin receptor 1B (MT2), and melatonin receptor 1C (MT3) in the protection of melatonin and/or NAS. Additionally, we evaluate their potential clinical applications. The multiple mechanisms of action and multiple organ-targeted properties of melatonin and NAS may contribute to development of promising therapies for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Yongchun Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - He Ma
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiemin Yao
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinmu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Renato Rozental
- Lab Neuroproteção & Estratégias Regenerativas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hany Aly
- Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark D Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Javad-Moosavi SA, Reiter RJ, Yarahmadi R, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S. Oxidative/nitrosative stress, autophagy and apoptosis as therapeutic targets of melatonin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:1049-1061. [PMID: 30445883 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1541318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease associated with disruption of alveolar epithelial cell layer and expansion of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. Excessive levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress, induction of apoptosis, and insufficient autophagy may be involved in IPF pathogenesis; hence, the targeting of these pathways may ameliorate IPF. Areas covered: We describe the ameliorative effect of melatonin on IPF. We summarize the research on IPF pathogenesis with a focus on oxidative/nitrosative stress, autophagy and apoptosis pathways and discuss the potential effects of melatonin on these pathways. Expert opinion: Oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptosis and autophagy could be interesting targets for therapeutic intervention in IPF. Melatonin, as a potent antioxidant, induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes, scavenges free radicals and modulates apoptosis and autophagy pathways. The effect of melatonin in the induction of autophagy could be an important mechanism against fibrotic process in IPF lungs. Further clinical studies are necessary to determine if melatonin could be a candidate for treating IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- a Razi Drug Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- c Department of Cellular and Structural Biology , UT Health , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Rasoul Yarahmadi
- d Department of Occupational Health , Air Pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- e Department of Pharmacology , School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- a Razi Drug Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Lee JH, Yoon YM, Han YS, Jung SK, Lee SH. Melatonin protects mesenchymal stem cells from autophagy-mediated death under ischaemic ER-stress conditions by increasing prion protein expression. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12545. [PMID: 30430685 PMCID: PMC6495509 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Object The purpose of this study was to explore whether melatonin could protect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against ischaemic injury, by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. Materials and Methods To confirm the protective effect of melatonin against ER stress in MSCs, markers of cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy were analysed. To further investigate the regenerative effect of melatonin‐treated MSCs in ischaemic tissues, a murine hindlimb ischaemic model was established. Results Under oxidative stress conditions, treatment with melatonin suppressed the activation of ER stress–associated proteins and autophagy‐associated proteins acting through upregulation of cellular prion protein (PrPC) expression. Consequently, inhibition of apoptotic cell death occurred. Melatonin also promoted the activation of MnSOD and catalase activities in MSCs. In a murine hindlimb ischaemia model, melatonin‐treated MSCs also enhanced the functional limb recovery as well as neovascularization. These beneficial effects of melatonin were all blocked by knock‐down of PrPC expression. Conclusion Melatonin protects against ER stress/autophagy‐induced apoptotic cell death by augmenting PrPC expression. Thus, melatonin‐treated MSCs could be a potential cell‐based therapeutic agent for ER stress–induced ischaemic diseases, and melatonin‐induced PrPC might be a key molecule in ameliorating ER stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yeo Min Yoon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Han
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Kyung Jung
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Departments of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Stiegler P, Bausys A, Leber B, Strupas K, Schemmer P. Impact of Melatonin in Solid Organ Transplantation-Is It Time for Clinical Trials? A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113509. [PMID: 30413018 PMCID: PMC6274782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is the "gold standard" for patients with end-stage organ disease. However, the supply of donor organs is critical, with an increased organ shortage over the last few years resulting in a significant mortality of patients on waiting lists. New strategies to overcome the shortage of organs are urgently needed. Some experimental studies focus on melatonin to improve the donor pool and to protect the graft; however, current research has not reached the clinical level. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the data available, indicating that clinical evaluation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stiegler
- Department General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
- Transplant Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Augustinas Bausys
- Department General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
- Transplant Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania.
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius 08660, Lithuania.
| | - Bettina Leber
- Transplant Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Kestutis Strupas
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania.
| | - Peter Schemmer
- Department General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
- Transplant Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
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Majidinia M, Reiter RJ, Shakouri SK, Yousefi B. The role of melatonin, a multitasking molecule, in retarding the processes of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:198-213. [PMID: 30092361 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological ageing is generally accompanied by a gradual loss of cellular functions and physiological integrity of organ systems, the consequential enhancement of vulnerability, senescence and finally death. Mechanisms which underlie ageing are primarily attributed to an array of diverse but related factors including free radical-induced damage, dysfunction of mitochondria, disruption of circadian rhythms, inflammaging, genomic instability, telomere attrition, loss of proteostasis, deregulated sensing of nutrients, epigenetic alterations, altered intercellular communication, and decreased capacity for tissue repair. Melatonin, a prime regulator of human chronobiological and endocrine physiology, is highly reputed as an antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, oncostatic, and endocrine-modulatory molecule. Interestingly, several recent reports support melatonin as an anti-ageing agent whose multifaceted functions may lessen the consequences of ageing. This review depicts four categories of melatonin's protective effects on ageing-induced molecular and structural alterations. We also summarize recent findings related to the function of melatonin during ageing in various tissues and organs.
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The multiple functions of melatonin in regenerative medicine. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:33-52. [PMID: 29630951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin research has been experiencing hyper growth in the last two decades; this relates to its numerous physiological functions including anti-inflammation, oncostasis, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity. Recently, a large number of studies have focused on the role of melatonin in the regeneration of cells or tissues after their partial loss. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the molecular involvement of melatonin in the regeneration of various tissues including the nervous system, liver, bone, kidney, bladder, skin, and muscle, among others.
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Roohbakhsh A, Shamsizadeh A, Hayes A, Reiter RJ, Karimi G. Melatonin as an endogenous regulator of diseases: The role of autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:265-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wu S, Chang G, Gao L, Jiang D, Wang L, Li G, Luo X, Qin S, Guo X, Zhang D. Trimetazidine protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:791-806. [PMID: 29955901 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Trimetazidine (TMZ) has been demonstrated to have protective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. In the present study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of TMZ on autophagy during MI/R in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo study, an animal model of MI/R was induced by coronary occlusion. TMZ (20 mg/kg/day) protected the rat hearts from MI/R-induced heart failure by increasing ejection fraction and fractional shortening and decreasing end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, left ventricular (LV) internal diameter at systole, and LV internal diameter at diastole; it alleviated myocardial injury and oxidative stress by decreasing LDH, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, ROS, and MDA levels and increasing SOD and glutathione peroxidase levels in plasma. TMZ also reduced myocardial infarct size and apoptosis. Moreover, TMZ markedly inhibited MI/R-induced autophagy by decreasing the protein and messenger RNA levels of LC3-II, Beclin1, ATG5, and ATG7 and the number of autophagosomes and by involving the AKT/mTOR pathway. Further, in the in vitro experiments, H9c2 cells were incubated with TMZ (40 μM) to explore the direct effects of TMZ following exposure to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). TMZ increased cell viability and the concentration of intracellular SOD and inhibited H/R-induced cell apoptosis and ROS production. Moreover, TMZ decreased the number of autophagosomes and autophagy-related protein expression; it also upregulated p-AKT and p-mTOR expression. In addition, TMZ augmented Bcl-2 protein expression and diminished Bax protein expression, the Bax/Bcl-2 rate, and cleaved caspase-3 level. However, these effects on H9c2 cells were notably abolished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In conclusion, our results showed that TMZ inhibited I/R-induced excessive autophagy and apoptosis, which was, at least partly, mediated by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. KEY MESSAGES TMZ improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial injury and oxidative stress, and reduced the myocardial infarct area and apoptosis. TMZ inhibited MI/R-induced myocardial autophagy, H/R-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis, and autophagy flux. The effect of TMZ on autophagy was repressed by LY294002. TMZ protected against MI/R injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy via activating the AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guanglei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liyou Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuexiu Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueli Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Jing HR, Luo FW, Liu XM, Tian XF, Zhou Y. Fish oil alleviates liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion via AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:833-843. [PMID: 29467553 PMCID: PMC5807941 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i7.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether fish oil (FO) can protect liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) via the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.
METHODS Ischemia in Wistar rats was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min and reperfusion for 240 min. One milliliter per day of FO emulsion or normal saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days to each animal. Animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were collected for analyses. AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 expression was determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HepG2 cells with or without FO emulsion treatment.
RESULTS Intestinal I/R induced significant liver morphological changes and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Expression of p-AMPK/AMPK, SIRT-1, and autophagy markers was decreased whereas tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were increased. FO emulsion blocked the changes of the above indicators effectively. Besides, in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting AMPK impaired the FO induced increase of p-AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 and decrease of TNF-α and MDA. SIRT-1 siRNA impaired the increase of SIRT-1 and Beclin-1 and the decrease of TNF-α and MDA.
CONCLUSION Our study indicates that FO may protect the liver against intestinal I/R induced injury through the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Rong Jing
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fu-Wen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing-Ming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
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Trimetazidine Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Promoting AMP-activated Protein Kinase-dependent Autophagic Flux. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 69:389-397. [PMID: 28581448 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trimetazidine (TMZ), a metabolic agent, may protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Because of the critical role of autophagy in cardioprotection, we aimed to evaluate whether autophagy was involved in TMZ-induced protection during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to H/R injury, and they were divided into 7 groups: control, control+TMZ, control+chloroquine (Cq)/compound C (com C), H/R, H/R+TMZ, H/R+Cq/com C, and H/R+TMZ+Cq/com C. Autophagic flux was primarily assessed by Western blot and tandem fluorescent mRFP-GFP-LC3. Assays for MTS, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and lactate dehydrogenase release were performed to assess cell injury. Our results showed that TMZ pretreatment had a cardioprotective effect against H/R injury. The H/R+TMZ group had an increased ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I and increased autophagic flux (degradation of p62 and increases in autophagosomes and autolysosomes). TMZ also reduced apoptosis and enhanced cell survival while inducing autophagy. Correspondingly, autophagy inhibition with Cq blocked this protective effect. Furthermore, TMZ-induced enhancement of autophagy could be related to increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and decreased Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, which was abolished by an AMPK-specific inhibitor (com C). Our data provide evidence that TMZ pretreatment protects against H/R injury by promoting autophagic flux through the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Dehdashtian E, Mehrzadi S, Yousefi B, Hosseinzadeh A, Reiter RJ, Safa M, Ghaznavi H, Naseripour M. Diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and the ameliorating effects of melatonin; involvement of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 193:20-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The Crosstalk between ROS and Autophagy in the Field of Transplantation Medicine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7120962. [PMID: 29410735 PMCID: PMC5749284 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7120962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many factors during the transplantation process influence posttransplant graft function and survival, including donor type and age, graft preservation methods (cold storage, machine perfusion), and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Successively, they will lead to cellular and molecular alterations that determine cell and ultimately organ fate. Oxidative stress and autophagy are implicated in posttransplant outcome since they are both affected by the stress responses triggered in each step (donor, preservation, and recipient) of the transplantation process. Furthermore, oxidative stress influences autophagy and vice versa. Interestingly, both processes have positive as well as negative effects on graft outcome, suggesting they are tightly linked during the transplantation process. In this review, we discuss the importance, regulation and crosstalk of oxidative signals, and autophagy in the field of transplantation medicine.
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Zaouali MA, Panisello A, Lopez A, Folch E, Castro-Benítez C, Adam R, Roselló-Catafau J. Cross-Talk Between Sirtuin 1 and High-Mobility Box 1 in Steatotic Liver Graft Preservation. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:765-769. [PMID: 28457391 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide +-dependent histone deacetylase that regulates various pathways involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Moreover, high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has also been involved in inflammatory processes during IRI. However, the roles of both SIRT1 and HMGB1 in liver preservation is poorly understood. In this communication, we evaluated the potential relationship between SIRT1 and HMGB1 in steatotic and non-steatotic liver grafts preserved in Institute Georges Lopez solution (IGL-1) preservation solution enriched or not enriched with trimetazidine (TMZ). METHODS Steatotic and non-steatotic livers were preserved in IGL-1 preservation solution (24 hours, 4°C), enriched or not enriched with TMZ (10 μmol/L), and then submitted to ex vivo reperfusion (2 hours; 37°C). Liver injury (AST/ALT) and function (bile output, vascular resistance) were evaluated. SIRT1, HMGB1, autophagy parameters (beclin-1, LC3B), PPAR-γ, and heat-shock protein (HO-1, HSP70) expression were determined by means of Western blot. Also, we assessed oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage (glutamate dehydrogenase), and TNF-α levels. RESULTS Elevated SIRT1 and enhanced autophagy were found after reperfusion in steatotic livers preserved in IGL-1+TMZ when compared with IGL-1. However, these changes were not seen in the case of non-steatotic livers. Also, HO-1 increases in the IGL-1 + TMZ group were evident only in the case of steatotic livers, whereas HSP70 and PPAR-γ protein expression were enhanced only in non-steatotic livers. All reported changes were consistent with decreased liver injury diminution, ameliorated hepatic function, and decreased TNF-α and HMGB levels. In addition, the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage were efficiently prevented by the IGL-1 + TMZ use. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 is associated with HMGB1 decreases and increased autophagy in steatotic livers, contributing to increased tolerance to cold IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zaouali
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Research Unit of Biology and Molecular Anthropology Applied to Development and Health (UR12ES11), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia; High Institut of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Panisello
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Lopez
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - E Folch
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Castro-Benítez
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - R Adam
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - J Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a crucial cause of liver damage occurring in some surgical procedures including hepatic resection and liver transplantation, and it remains the key potential cause of hepatic failure after liver transplantation. The mechanism of hepatic IRI is diverse and complicated, and involves various stages. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process responsible for the degradation of damaged and dysfunctional cytoplasmic contents such as mitochondrion and lipids, regulates cellular homeostasis and survival during hepatic IRI. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic IRI, epitomizes the functions of autophagy, and describes the prospects of using autophagy as a therapeutic target for hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ji-Liang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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Trimetazidine Increases Cell Survival and Inhibits the Activation of Inflammatory Response in Sodium Taurocholate–Induced Acute Pancreatitis. Int Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-17-00122.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) in an experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) model induced with sodium taurocholate (STC).
Summary of Background Data:
At present, AP is considered a disease with no specific treatment. Preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in acinar cells may be an option for specific treatment of AP. TMZ is an anti-ischemic drug with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial modulatory effects.
Methods:
Rats were divided into 4 groups. AP was induced in the AP (n = 7) and AP + TMZ (n = 7) groups by an injection of 4% sodium taurocholate to the pancreatic duct. The sham (n = 6) and drug (n = 6) groups were designated as control groups. The AP + TMZ and drug groups were administered TMZ. Samples were taken at 72 hours, and histopathologic changes as well as biochemical parameters were analyzed.
Results:
Serum amylase, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, serum cytokine levels, and mast cell degranulation rates were elevated after induction of AP, whereas tissue antioxidant enzyme activities and cell viability rates [determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay] decreased. These parameters were found to be different in the AP group compared with those in all other groups (P < 0.05). A significant improvement of all parameters was achieved with the TMZ treatment of AP. Histologically, significant differences were found between the AP and AP + TMZ groups in terms of leukocyte infiltration, necrosis, and apoptotic cell counts.
Conclusions:
In this study, we demonstrated that TMZ treatment protected the mitochondrial function and prevented the activation of the inflammatory cascade in the sodium taurocholate–induced AP model.
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The Relevance of the UPS in Fatty Liver Graft Preservation: A New Approach for IGL-1 and HTK Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112287. [PMID: 29088097 PMCID: PMC5713257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the central proteolytic machinery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), which is involved in the degradation of ubiquitinated protein substrates. Recently, UPS inhibition has been shown to be a key factor in fatty liver graft preservation during organ cold storage using University of Wisconsin solution (UW) and Institute Georges Lopez (IGL-1) solutions. However, the merits of IGL-1 and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solutions for fatty liver preservation have not been compared. Fatty liver grafts from obese Zücker rats were preserved for 24 h at 4 °C. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), ATP, adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK), e-NOS, proteasome activity and liver polyubiquitinated proteins were determined. IGL-1 solution prevented ATP breakdown during cold-storage preservation of steatotic livers to a greater extent than HTK solution. There were concomitant increases in AMPK activation, e-NOS (endothelial NOS (NO synthase)) expression and UPS inhibition. UPS activity is closely related to the composition of the solution used to preserve the organ. IGL-1 solution provided significantly better protection against ischemia-reperfusion for cold-stored fatty liver grafts than HTK solution. The effect is exerted through the activation of the protective AMPK signaling pathway, an increase in e-NOS expression and a dysregulation of the UPS.
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An Oxygenated and Transportable Machine Perfusion System Fully Rescues Liver Grafts Exposed to Lethal Ischemic Damage in a Pig Model of DCD Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2017; 101:e205-e213. [PMID: 28403128 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of warm ischemia (WI) lesions that occur with donation after circulatory death (DCD) would significantly increase the donor pool for liver transplantation. We aimed to determine whether a novel, oxygenated and hypothermic machine perfusion device (HMP Airdrive system) improves the quality of livers derived from DCDs using a large animal model. METHODS Cardiac arrest was induced in female large white pigs by intravenous injection of potassium chloride. After 60 minutes of WI, livers were flushed in situ with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and subsequently preserved either by simple cold storage (WI-SCS group) or HMP (WI-HMP group) using Belzer-MPS solution. Liver grafts procured from heart-beating donors and preserved by SCS served as controls. After 4 hours of preservation, all livers were transplanted. RESULTS All recipients in WI-SCS group died within 6 hours after transplantation. In contrast, the HMP device fully protected the liver against lethal ischemia/reperfusion injury, allowing 100% survival rate. A postreperfusion syndrome was observed in all animals of the WI-SCS group but none of the control or WI-HMP groups. After reperfusion, HMP-preserved livers functioned better and showed less hepatocellular and endothelial cell injury, in agreement with better-preserved liver histology relative to WI-SCS group. In addition to improved energy metabolism, this protective effect was associated with an attenuation of inflammatory response, oxidative load, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time the efficacy of the HMP Airdrive system to protect liver grafts from lethal ischemic damage before transplantation in a clinically relevant DCD model.
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Zheng X, Zhou H, Qiu Z, Gao S, Wang Z, Xiao L. Gene microarray analysis of expression profiles in liver ischemia and reperfusion. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3299-3307. [PMID: 28713993 PMCID: PMC5548003 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is of primary concern in cases of liver disease worldwide and is associated with hemorrhagic shock, resection and transplantation. Numerous studies have previously been conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of liver I/R injury, however these have not yet been fully elucidated. To determine the difference between ischemia and reperfusion in signaling pathways and the relative pathological mechanisms, the present study downloaded microarray data GSE10657 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A total of two data groups from 1-year-old mice were selected for further analysis: i) A total of 90 min ischemia; ii) 90 min ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion, n=3 for each group. The Limma package was first used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs were subsequently uploaded to the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery online tool for Functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed via STRING version 10.0 and analyzed using Cytoscape software. A total of 114 DEGs were identified, including 21 down and 93 upregulated genes. These DEGs were primarily enriched in malaria and influenza A, in addition to the tumor necrosis factor and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Hub genes identified in the PPI network were C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, interleukin 6, Jun proto-oncogene, activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factor subunit, FOS proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit and dual specificity phosphatase 1. CXCL1 and CCL2 may exhibit important roles in liver I/R injury, with involvement in the immune and inflammatory responses and the chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, particularly at the reperfusion stage. However, further experiments to elucidate the specific roles of these mediators are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huaqiang Zhou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zeting Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shaowei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Liangcan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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