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Wang K, Zhou W, Wen L, Jin X, Meng T, Li S, Hong Y, Xu Y, Yuan H, Hu F. The protective effects of Axitinib on blood-brain barrier dysfunction and ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114870. [PMID: 38897539 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathophysiological features of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) often involve dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), characterized by the degradation of tight junction proteins (Tjs) leading to increased permeability. This dysfunction can exacerbate cerebral injury and contribute to severe complications. The permeability of the BBB fluctuates during different stages of AIS and is influenced by various factors. Developing effective therapies to restore BBB function remains a significant challenge in AIS treatment. High levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the early stages of AIS have been shown to worsen BBB breakdown and stroke progression. Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects of the VEGF receptor inhibitor Axitinib on BBB dysfunction and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. METHODS BEnd3 cell exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was constructed to estimate pharmacological activity of Axitinib (400 ng/ml) on anti-apoptosis and pathological barrier function recovery. In vivo, rats were subjected to a 1 h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and 23 h reperfusion (tMCAO/R) to investigate the permeability of BBB and cerebral tissue damage. Axitinib was administered through the tail vein at the beginning of reperfusion. BBB integrity was assessed by Evans blue leakage and the expression levels of Tjs claudin-5 and occludin. RESULTS Our research revealed that co-incubation with Axitinib enhanced the cell viability of OGD-insulted bEnd3 cells, decreased LDH leakage rate, and suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related proteins cytochrome C and Bax. Axitinib also mitigated the damage to Tjs and facilitated the restoration of transepithelial electrical resistance in OGD-insulted bEnd.3 cells. In vivo, Axitinib administration reduced intracerebral Evans blue leakage and up-regulated the expression of Tjs in the penumbra brain tissue in tMCAO/R rats. Notably, 10 mg/kg Axitinib exerted a significant anti-ischemic effect by decreasing cerebral infarct volume and brain edema volume, improving neurological function, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in the brain. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights Axitinib as a potent protectant of blood-brain barrier function, capable of promoting pathological blood-brain barrier recovery through VEGF inhibition and increased expression of tight junction proteins in AIS. This suggests that VEGF antagonism within the first 24 h post-stroke could be a novel therapeutic approach to enhance blood-brain barrier function and mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Wentao Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lijun Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Tranditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Tingting Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Sufen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yiling Hong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yichong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China.
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Wang X, Li M, Wang F, Mao G, Wu J, Han R, Sheng R, Qin Z, Ni H. TIGAR reduces neuronal ferroptosis by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase activity in cerebral ischemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 216:89-105. [PMID: 38494143 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia Stroke (IS) is an acute neurological condition with high morbidity, disability, and mortality due to a severe reduction in local cerebral blood flow to the brain and blockage of oxygen and glucose supply. Oxidative stress induced by IS predisposes neurons to ferroptosis. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) inhibits the intracellular glycolytic pathway to increase pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux, promotes NADPH production and thus generates reduced glutathione (GSH) to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thus shows strong antioxidant effects to ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, in the current study, prolonged ischemia impaired the PPP, and TIGAR was unable to produce NADPH but was still able to reduce neuronal ferroptosis and attenuate ischemic brain injury. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death caused by free radical-driven lipid peroxidation, and the vast majority of ROS leading to oxidative stress are generated by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) driving reverse electron transfer (RET) via the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Overexpression of TIGAR significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced enhancement of SDH activity, and TIGAR deficiency further enhanced SDH activity. We also found that the inhibitory effect of TIGAR on SDH activity was related to its mitochondrial translocation under hypoxic conditions. TIGAR may inhibit SDH activity by mediating post-translational modifications (acetylation and succinylation) of SDH A through interaction with SDH A. SDH activity inhibition reduces neuronal ferroptosis by decreasing ROS production, eliminating MitoROS levels and attenuating lipid peroxide accumulation. Notably, TIGAR-mediated inhibition of SDH activity and ferroptosis was not dependent on the PPP-NADPH-GPX4 pathways. In conclusion, mitochondrial translocation of TIGAR in prolonged ischemia is an important pathway to reduce neuronal ferroptosis and provide sustainable antioxidant defense for the brain under prolonged ischemia, further complementing the mechanism of TIGAR resistance to oxidative stress induced by IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Department of Brain Research, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Brain Research, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanghui Mao
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenghong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Institute of Heath Technology, Global Institute of Software Technology, Qingshan Road, Suzhou Science & Technology Tower, Hi-Tech Area, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Hong Ni
- Department of Brain Research, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
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Li YY, Qin ZH, Sheng R. The Multiple Roles of Autophagy in Neural Function and Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:363-382. [PMID: 37856037 PMCID: PMC10912456 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy involves the sequestration and delivery of cytoplasmic materials to lysosomes, where proteins, lipids, and organelles are degraded and recycled. According to the way the cytoplasmic components are engulfed, autophagy can be divided into macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Recently, many studies have found that autophagy plays an important role in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, neuronal excitotoxicity, and cerebral ischemia. Autophagy maintains cell homeostasis in the nervous system via degradation of misfolded proteins, elimination of damaged organelles, and regulation of apoptosis and inflammation. AMPK-mTOR, Beclin 1, TP53, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and other signal pathways are involved in the regulation of autophagy and can be used as potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. Here, we discuss the role, functions, and signal pathways of autophagy in neurological diseases, which will shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of neurological diseases and suggest novel targets for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Zheng L, Zhou W, Wu Y, Xu W, Hu S, Zhang Y, Xu H, Deng H, Chen Y, Wu L, Wei J, Feng D, Wang M, Zhou H, Li Q, Zhu L, Yang H, Lv X. Melatonin Alleviates Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Inhibiting Alveolar Macrophage NLRP3 Inflammasomes Through the ROS/HIF-1α/GLUT1 Pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100266. [PMID: 37871834 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinically severe respiratory disorder, and no effective therapy is available. Melatonin (MEL), an endogenous neurohormone, has shown great promise in alleviating sepsis-induced ARDS, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S) model, we found that MEL significantly inhibited NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in LPS-treated macrophages, whereas this inhibitory effect of MEL was weakened in MH-S cells transfected with glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) overexpressing lentivirus. Further experiments showed that MEL downregulated GLUT1 via inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α). Notably, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a donor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly increased the level of intracellular ROS and inhibited the regulatory effect of MEL on the HIF-1α/GLUT1 pathway. Interestingly, the protective effect of MEL was attenuated after the knockdown of melatonin receptor 1A (MT1) in MH-S cells. We also confirmed in vivo that MEL effectively downregulated the HIF-1α/GLUT1/NLRP3 pathway in the lung tissue of LPS-treated mice, as well as significantly ameliorated LPS-induced lung injury and improved survival in mice. Collectively, these findings revealed that MEL regulates the activation of the ROS/HIF-1α/GLUT1/NLRP3 pathway in alveolar macrophages via the MT1 receptor, further alleviating sepsis-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingmin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mansi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanfu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Lin W, Zhao XY, Cheng JW, Li LT, Jiang Q, Zhang YX, Han F. Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108541. [PMID: 37783348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the brain are narrowed or blocked, inducing damage to brain tissue due to a lack of blood supply. One effective way to reduce brain damage and alleviate symptoms is to reopen blocked blood vessels in a timely manner and reduce neuronal damage. To achieve this, researchers have focused on identifying key cellular signaling pathways that can be targeted with drugs. These pathways include oxidative/nitrosative stress, excitatory amino acids and their receptors, inflammatory signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, ion channels, and other molecular events involved in stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that solely focusing on protecting neurons may not yield satisfactory clinical results. Instead, researchers should consider the multifactorial and complex mechanisms underlying stroke pathology, including the interactions between different components of the neurovascular unit. Such an approach is more representative of the actual pathological process observed in clinical settings. This review summarizes recent research on the multiple molecular mechanisms and drug targets in ischemic stroke, as well as recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of new strategies based on the biological characteristics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Lu Y, Chen X, Liu X, Shi Y, Wei Z, Feng L, Jiang Q, Ye W, Sasaki T, Fukunaga K, Ji Y, Han F, Lu YM. Endothelial TFEB signaling-mediated autophagic disturbance initiates microglial activation and cognitive dysfunction. Autophagy 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36588318 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2162244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment caused by systemic chemotherapy is a critical question that perplexes the effective implementation of clinical treatment, but related molecular events are poorly understood. Herein, we show that bortezomib exposure leads to microglia activation and cognitive impairment, this occurs along with decreased nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), which is linked to macroautophagy/autophagy disorder, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) phosphorylation and IL23A (interleukin 23 subunit alpha) expression. Pharmacological enhancement of TFEB nuclear translocation by digoxin restores lysosomal function and reduces STAT3-dependent endothelial IL23A secretion. As a consequence, we found that brain endothelial-specific ablation of Il23a ameliorated both microglia activation and cognitive dysfunction. Thus, the endothelial TFEB-STAT3-IL23A axis in the brain represents a critical cellular event for initiating bortezomib-mediated aberrant microglial activation and synapse engulfment. Our results suggest the reversal of TFEB nuclear translocation may provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent symptoms of cognitive dysfunction during clinical use of bortezomib.Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; BBB: blood-brain barrier; BTZ: bortezomib; DG: digoxin; DGs: dentate gyrus; DLG4/PSD95: discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4; HBMECs: human brain microvascular endothelial cells; HP: hippocampus; IL23A: interleukin 23 subunit alpha; MBVECs: mouse brain vascular endothelial cells; mPFC: medial prefrontal cortex; NORT: novel object recognition test; OLT: object location test; PLX5622: 6-fluoro-N-([5-fluoro-2-methoxypyridin-3-yl]methyl)-5-(5-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3- yl)methyl; PPP3/calcineurin: protein phosphatase 3; SBEs: STAT3 binding elements; shRNA: small hairpin RNA; SLC17A7/VGLUT1: solute carrier family 17 member 7; SLC32A1/VGAT: solute carrier family 32 member 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, TFEB: transcription factor EB; Ub: ubiquitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaocong Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifeng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Brain Science, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Brain Science, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Pan L, Yang Y, Chen X, Zhao M, Yao C, Sheng K, Yang Y, Ma G, Du A. Host autophagy limits Toxoplasma gondii proliferation in the absence of IFN-γ by affecting the hijack of Rab11A-positive vesicles. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1052779. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1052779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAutophagy has been recognized as a bona fide immunological process. Evidence has shown that this process in IFN-γ stimulated cells controls Toxoplasma gondii proliferation or eliminates its infection. However, little is known about the effect of T. gondii infection on the host cell autophagy in the absence of IFN-γ.MethodsMultiple autophagy detection methods and CRISPR/CAS9 technology were used to study T. gondii-induced autophagy in HeLa and several other mammalian cell lines.ResultsHere, we report increased LC3 II, autophagosome-like membrane structures, enhanced autophagic flux, and decreased lysosomes in a range of mammalian cell lines without IFN-γ treatment after T. gondii infection. Specifically, disruption of host atg5 (a necessary gene for autophagy) in HeLa cells promoted the intracellular replication of T. gondii, with the transcript level of rab11a increased, compared with that in wild-type cells. Further, after T. gondii infection, the abundance of Rab11A remained stable in wild-type HeLa cells but decreased in atg5−/− mutant. Disruption of rab11a in the HeLa cells compromised the proliferation of T. gondii, and increased the transcription of gra2 in the parasite. Compared to the T. gondii wild-type RH∆ku80 strain, the ∆gra2 mutant induces enhanced host autophagy in HeLa cells, and results in slower replication of the parasite.DiscussionCollectively, these results indicate that host cell autophagy can limit T. gondii proliferation in an IFN-γ independent manner, possibly by affecting the hijack of host Rab11A-positive vesicles by the parasite which involved TgGRA2. The findings provide novel insights into T. gondii infection in host cells and toxoplasmosis research.
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Jiang Y, Lin Y, Tan Y, Shen X, Liao M, Wang H, Lu N, Han F, Xu N, Tang C, Song J, Tao R. Electroacupuncture ameliorates cerebrovascular impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice via melatonin signaling. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:917-931. [PMID: 36382345 PMCID: PMC9928543 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cerebrovascular impairment contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it still lacks effective intervention in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in cerebrovascular repair in 3xTg-AD mice and its mechanism. METHODS 3xTg-AD mice were employed to evaluate the protective effect of EA at ST36 acupoint (EAST36). Behavioral tests were performed to assess neurological disorders. Laser speckle contrast imaging, immunostaining, and Western blot were applied to determine EAST36-boosted cerebrovascular repair. The mechanism was explored in 3xTg mice and endothelial cell cultures by melatonin signaling modulation. RESULTS EAST36 at 20/100 Hz effectively alleviated the olfactory impairment and anxiety behavior and boosted cerebrovascular repair in AD mice. EAST36 attenuated cerebral microvascular degeneration in AD mice by modulating endothelial cell viability and injury. Consequently, the Aβ deposits and neural damage in AD mice were reversed after EAST36. Mechanistically, we revealed that EAST36 restored melatonin levels in AD mice. Melatonin supplement mimicked the EAST36 effect on cerebrovascular protection in AD mice and endothelial cell cultures. Importantly, blockage of melatonin signaling by antagonist blunted EAST36-induced cerebrovascular recovery and subsequent neurological improvement. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided strong evidence to support EAST36 as a potential nonpharmacological therapy against cerebrovascular impairment in AD. Further study is necessary to better understand how EAST36 treatment drives melatonin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Jiang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunshi Lin
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuhang Tan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinkai Shen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Meihua Liao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyDalian UniversityDalianChina
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Juxian Song
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Rongrong Tao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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Huang B, Lang X, Li X. The role of TIGAR in nervous system diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1023161. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1023161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) mainly regulates pentose phosphate pathway by inhibiting glycolysis, so as to synthesize ribose required by DNA, promote DNA damage repair and cell proliferation, maintain cell homeostasis and avoid body injury. Its physiological functions include anti-oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, maintaining mitochondrial function, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing autophagy etc. This paper reviews the research of TIGAR in neurological diseases, including stroke, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), seizures and brain tumors, aiming to provide reference for the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Liu XX, Chen XH, Zheng ZW, Jiang Q, Li C, Yang L, Chen X, Mao XF, Yuan HY, Feng LL, Jiang Q, Shi WX, Sasaki T, Fukunaga K, Chen Z, Han F, Lu YM. BOD1 regulates the cerebellar IV/V lobe-fastigial nucleus circuit associated with motor coordination. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:170. [PMID: 35641478 PMCID: PMC9156688 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are characterized by a progressive decline in motor coordination, but the specific output circuits and underlying pathological mechanism remain poorly understood. Through cell-type-specific manipulations, we discovered a novel GABAergic Purkinje cell (PC) circuit in the cerebellar IV/V lobe that projected to CaMKIIα+ neurons in the fastigial nucleus (FN), which regulated sensorimotor coordination. Furthermore, transcriptomics profiling analysis revealed various cerebellar neuronal identities, and we validated that biorientation defective 1 (BOD1) played an important role in the circuit of IV/V lobe to FN. BOD1 deficit in PCs of IV/V lobe attenuated the excitability and spine density of PCs, accompany with ataxia behaviors. Instead, BOD1 enrichment in PCs of IV/V lobe reversed the hyperexcitability of CaMKIIα+ neurons in the FN and ameliorated ataxia behaviors in L7-Cre; BOD1f/f mice. Together, these findings further suggest that specific regulation of the cerebellar IV/V lobePCs → FNCaMKIIα+ circuit might provide neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of ataxia behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Feng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Yang Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xing Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China. .,Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China. .,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215002, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China. .,Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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Structure, regulation, and biological functions of TIGAR and its role in diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1547-1555. [PMID: 33510458 PMCID: PMC8463536 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) is the downstream target gene of p53, contains a functional sequence similar to 6-phosphofructose kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB) bisphosphatase domain. TIGAR is mainly located in the cytoplasm; in response to stress, TIGAR is translocated to nucleus and organelles, including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum to regulate cell function. P53 family members (p53, p63, and p73), some transcription factors (SP1 and CREB), and noncoding miRNAs (miR-144, miR-885-5p, and miR-101) regulate the transcription of TIGAR. TIGAR mainly functions as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase to hydrolyze fructose-1,6-diphosphate and fructose-2,6-diphosphate to inhibit glycolysis. TIGAR in turn facilitates pentose phosphate pathway flux to produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ribose, thereby promoting DNA repair, and reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species. TIGAR thus maintains energy metabolism balance, regulates autophagy and stem cell differentiation, and promotes cell survival. Meanwhile, TIGAR also has a nonenzymatic function and can interact with retinoblastoma protein, protein kinase B, nuclear factor-kappa B, hexokinase 2, and ATP5A1 to mediate cell cycle arrest, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial protection. TIGAR might be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as cancers.
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Lu L, Yang L, Lu YP, Jiang Q, Wang CR, Liu CQ, Xu N, Jiang S, Zhang G, Lai EY, Han F, Lu YM. Endothelium-derived Cdk5 deficit aggravates air pollution-induced peripheral vasoconstriction through AT 1R upregulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112314. [PMID: 33989920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 infiltrates into circulation and increases the risk of systemic vascular dysfunction. As the first-line barrier against external stimuli, the molecular mechanism of the biological response of vascular endothelial cells to PM2.5 exposure remains unclear. In this study, 4-week-old mice were exposed to Hangzhou 'real' airborne PM2.5 for 2 months and were found to display bronchial and alveolar damage. Importantly, in the present study, we have demonstrated that Cdk5 deficit induced peripheral vasoconstriction through angiotensin II type 1 receptor under angiotensin II stimulation in Cdh5-cre;Cdk5f/n mice. In the brain, Cdk5 deficit increased the myogenic activity in the medullary arterioles under external pressure. On the other hand, no changes in cerebral blood flow and behavior patterns were observed in the Cdh5-cre;Cdk5f/n mice exposed to PM2.5. Therefore, our current findings indicate that CDK5 plays an important role in endothelium cell growth, migration, and molecular transduction, which is also a sensor for the response of vascular endothelial cells to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cui-Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cui-Qing Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - En-Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Wang P, Sui HJ, Li XJ, Bai LN, Bi J, Lai H. Melatonin ameliorates microvessel abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:757-764. [PMID: 33063739 PMCID: PMC8067916 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin can attenuate cardiac microvascular ischemia/reperfusion injury, but it remains unclear whether melatonin can also ameliorate cerebral microvascular abnormalities. Rat models of Alzheimer’s disease were established by six intracerebroventricular injections of amyloid-beta 1–42, administered once every other day. Melatonin (30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 13 successive days, with the first dose given 24 hours prior to the first administration of amyloid-beta 1–42. Melatonin ameliorated learning and memory impairments in the Morris water maze test, improved the morphology of microvessels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, increased microvessel density, alleviated pathological injuries of cerebral neurons, and decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2. These findings suggest that melatonin can improve microvessel abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by lowering the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, thereby improving the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Jinzhou Medical University, China (approval No. 2019015) on December 6, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University; Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hai-Juan Sui
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province; Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province; Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Na Bai
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province; Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province; Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Gu H, Li J, Zhang R. Melatonin upregulates DNA-PKcs to suppress apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via inhibiting miR-101 under H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1283-1292. [PMID: 33226571 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been implicated in inhibiting oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin on apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by H2O2 and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) upregulation contributed to the protective role of melatonin in HUVECs under oxidative stress with H2O2. Further study showed that melatonin treatment led to a decreased level of miRNA-101, which could be responsible for DNA-PKcs upregulation and DNA-PKcs-mediated apoptosis inhibition in HUVECs under oxidative stress with H2O2. Our results also showed that melatonin increased the activity of PI3K/AKT and DNA-PKcs knockdown in melatonin-treated HUVECs that lead to inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling under oxidative stress with H2O2. Furthermore, blockade of PI3K/AKT signal with LY294002 significantly reduced melatonin-induced apoptosis inhibition in H2O2-treated HUVECs. Taken together, our findings identify a miR-101/DNA-PKcs/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in melatonin-induced endothelial cell apoptosis inhibition under oxidative stress with H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 the Yellow River West Road, Huaiyin District, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 the Yellow River West Road, Huaiyin District, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China.
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Liu XX, Yang L, Shao LX, He Y, Wu G, Bao YH, Lu NN, Gong DM, Lu YP, Cui TT, Sun NH, Chen DY, Shi WX, Fukunaga K, Chen HS, Chen Z, Han F, Lu YM. Endothelial Cdk5 deficit leads to the development of spontaneous epilepsy through CXCL1/CXCR2-mediated reactive astrogliosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20180992. [PMID: 31699822 PMCID: PMC7037235 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liu et al. reveal a key mechanism that mediating the transition from cerebrovascular damage to epilepsy. They identify the endothelial cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulates astrocytic glutamate reuptake and increased glutamate synaptic function through CXCL1/CXCR2-mediated astrogliosis. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been suggested to play an important role in epilepsy. However, the mechanism mediating the transition from cerebrovascular damage to epilepsy remains unknown. Here, we report that endothelial cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a central regulator of neuronal excitability. Endothelial-specific Cdk5 knockout led to spontaneous seizures in mice. Knockout mice showed increased endothelial chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1) expression, decreased astrocytic glutamate reuptake through the glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), and increased glutamate synaptic function. Ceftriaxone restored astrocytic GLT1 function and inhibited seizures in endothelial Cdk5-deficient mice, and these effects were also reversed after silencing Cxcl1 in endothelial cells and its receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (Cxcr2) in astrocytes, respectively, in the CA1 by AAV transfection. These results reveal a previously unknown link between cerebrovascular factors and epileptogenesis and provide a rationale for targeting endothelial signaling as a potential treatment for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Huan Bao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan-Nan Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian-Tian Cui
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning-He Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xing Shi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Basic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Huang L, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Zhang M, Zhan Z, Wang L, Liu L. Severe hypoglycemia exacerbates myocardial dysfunction and metabolic remodeling in diabetic mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 503:110692. [PMID: 31887336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have revealed that adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients are closely associated with severe hypoglycemia (SH), the causal relationship and related mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate whether SH promotes myocardial injury and further explores the potential mechanisms with focus on disturbances in lipid metabolism. SH promoted myocardial dysfunction and structural disorders in the diabetic mice but not in the controls. SH also enhanced the production of myocardial proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Moreover, myocardial lipid deposition developed in diabetic mice after SH, which was closely related to myocardial dysfunction and the inflammatory response. We further found that myocardial metabolic remodeling was associated with changes in PPAR-β/δ and its target molecules in diabetic mice exposed to SH. These findings demonstrate that SH exacerbates myocardial dysfunction and the inflammatory response in diabetic mice, which may be induced by myocardial metabolic remodeling via PPAR-β/δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meilian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Province Hospital for Women and Children, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Liu ZQ, Liu N, Huang SS, Lin MM, Qin S, Wu JC, Liang ZQ, Qin ZH, Wang Y. NADPH protects against kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity via autophagy-lysosome pathway in rat striatum and primary cortical neurons. Toxicology 2020; 435:152408. [PMID: 32057834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of NADPH on Kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity. METHODS KA, a non-N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor agonist, was exposed to adult SD rats via intrastriatal injection and rat primary cortical neurons to establish excitotoxic models in vivo and in vitro, respectively. To determine the effects of NADPH on KA-induced excitotoxicity, neuronal survival, neurologically behavioral score and oxidative stress were evaluated. To explore the mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of NADPH, the autophagy-lysosome pathway related proteins were detected. RESULTS In vivo, NADPH (1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg) diminished KA (2.5 nmol)-induced enlargement of lesion size in striatum, improved KA-induced dyskinesia and reversed KA-induced activation of glial cells. Nevertheless, the neuroprotective effect of NADPH was not significant under the condition of autophagy activation. NADPH (2 mg/kg) inhibited KA (2.5 nmol)-induced down-regulation of TP-53 induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and p62, and up-regulation of the protein levels of LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin-1 and Atg5. In vitro, the excitotoxic neuronal injury was induced after KA (50 μM, 100 μM or 200 μM) treatment as demonstrated by decreased cell viability. Moreover, KA (100 μM) increased the intracellular levels of calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and declined the levels of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Pretreatment of NADPH (10 μM) effectively reversed these changes. Meanwhile NADPH (10 μM) inhibited KA (100 μM)-induced down-regulation of TIGAR and p62, and up-regulation of the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin-1, Atg5, active-cathepsin B and active-cathepsin D. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a possible mechanism that NADPH ameliorates KA-induced excitotoxicity by blocking the autophagy-lysosome pathway and up-regulating TIGAR along with its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Si-Si Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shu Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun-Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Protective Effects of Melatonin on Methamphetamine-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Rat Model. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:640-660. [PMID: 31900895 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The specialized brain endothelial cells interconnected by unique junctions and adhesion molecules are distinctive features of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), maintaining the homeostasis of the cerebral microenvironment. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin on methamphetamine (METH)-induced alterations of BBB integrity. Wistar rats were randomly distributed into groups and underwent melatonin pretreatment and escalating-high doses of METH treatment. Immunohistochemistry was performed to demonstrate the BBB leakage. Protein and RNA samples were isolated from hippocampal and prefrontal cortical tissues and measured expression levels of molecular markers associated with BBB structural components and inflammatory processes. METH provoked the loss of zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occludin, and claudin-5 tight junction proteins. Furthermore, METH caused an excessive increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) enzyme, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and the increase in NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (NOX2). Melatonin exerted the protective effects by recovering tight junction loss; attenuating excessive MMP-9, NOX2, and cell adhesion molecule expression; and reducing serum albumin in the brain. Our results also showed the protective effects of melatonin against METH neurotoxic profiles, characterized by reactive gliosis: microglia (integrin-αM) and astrocyte (GFAP); an excessive upregulation of primary pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); activation of neuroinflammatory signaling: nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB); and suppression of anti-oxidative signaling: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), that may exacerbate BBB structural impairment. Our results provide insights into the beneficial effects of melatonin against METH-induced BBB disruption and mechanisms that play detrimental roles in BBB impairment by in vivo design.
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Han F. Cerebral microvascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in dementia. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2019; 4:105-107. [PMID: 31338222 PMCID: PMC6613876 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2018-000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining normal learning and memory functions requires a high degree of coordination between neural and vascular cells. Basic and clinical studies have shown that brain microvasculature dysfunction activates inflammatory cells in the brain, leading to progressive neuronal loss and eventually dementia. This review focuses on recent studies aimed at identifying the molecular events that link cerebral microvascular dysfunction to neurodegeneration, including oxidative/nitrosative stress, cellular metabolic dysfunction, inflammatory signalling and abnormal synaptic plasticity. A better understanding of the coupling between vasculature and brain neurons and how this coupling is disrupted under pathological conditions is of great significance in identifying new diagnostic and treatment targets for dementia for which no new drugs have been approved since 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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20
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State-of-the-art: functional fluorescent probes for bioimaging and pharmacological research. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:717-723. [PMID: 30487651 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, and cancers seriously endanger human health. Mechanistic and pharmacological mechanisms of candidate drugs are central to the translational paradigm. Since many signal transduction and molecular events are implicated in these diseases, a novel method to interrogate the key pharmacological mechanisms is required to accelerate innovative drug discovery. Much attention now focuses on the real-time visualization of molecular disease events to yield new insights to the pathogenesis of the diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of chemical probes for imaging pathological events to facilitate the study of the underlying pharmacodynamics and toxicity involved. As reviewed here, optical imaging is now frequently viewed as an indispensable technique in the field of biological research. Promoting interdisciplinary collaboration among chemistry, biology and medicine, is necessary to further refine functional fluorescent probes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Jia Y, Long S, Jiang N, Shan Z, Lu Y, Han F, Yu J, Feng L. Oxymatrine ameliorates agomelatine-induced hepatocyte injury through promoting proteasome-mediated CHOP degradation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108784. [PMID: 30925456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel antidepressant drug agomelatine has been observed to cause adverse effect of hepatotoxicity in clinical applications. This study was designed to explore protective agents and investigated the underlying mechanism on L02 cells. METHOD L02 cells were treated with agomelatine and oxymatrine (OMT) and cell apoptosis were analyzed through flow cytometric analysis, CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. In a separate experiment, the expressions of ER stress-related proteins were determined by western blot. In addition, MG132, chloroquine (CQ) and bafilomycinA1(BafA1) were used to investigate the potential pathway participating in CHOP degradation. RESULTS OMT significantly rescued agomelatine-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Agomelatine treatment resulted in accumulation of CHOP protein in L02 cells, and this phenomenon could be significantly reduced by OMT, whereas abolished by MG132 treatment. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated for the first time that OMT ameliorates the hepatocyte toxicity induced by agomelatine through decreasing CHOP on protein level. The underlying mechanism was proved to involve the molecular events that OMT promotes CHOP degradation via proteasome pathway. Overall, these results suggest that using OMT in combination with agomelatine may provide a safety strategy for clinical depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, China
| | - Sen Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Mental Health Center Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhe Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, China.
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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22
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Naveed M, Zhou QG, Han F. Cerebrovascular inflammation: A critical trigger for neurovascular injury? Neurochem Int 2019; 126:165-177. [PMID: 30890409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cerebrovascular system is not only inert bystandard that support the metabolic demands of the brain but also elicit the barrier functions against risk factors mediated neurovascular injury. The onsets of cerebrovascular inflammation are considered as stimuli that can provoke the host defense system and trigger the development of neurological disorders. Homeostasis of the brain function is regulated by the movement of endothelial, glial, and neuronal cells within the neurovascular unit (NVU), which acts as a "platform" for the coordinated action of anti- and pro-inflammatory mechanisms. The cerebrovascular system plays an integral role in the inflammatory response by either producing or expressing a variety of cytokines, adhesion molecules, metalloproteinases, and serine proteases. Excessive inflammatory cytokine production can further be affecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and lead to brain tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the more recent evidence highlighting the importance of cerebrovascular injury in terms of risk prediction, and the mechanisms mediating the upregulation of inflammatory mediators in cerebrovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Geng J, Wei M, Yuan X, Liu Z, Wang X, Zhang D, Luo L, Wu J, Guo W, Qin ZH. TIGAR regulates mitochondrial functions through SIRT1-PGC1α pathway and translocation of TIGAR into mitochondria in skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2019; 33:6082-6098. [PMID: 30726106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802209r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), a glycolytic inhibitor, plays vital roles in regulating cellular metabolism and oxidative stress. However, the role of highly expressed TIGAR in skeletal muscle remains unexplored. In the present study, TIGAR levels varied in different skeletal muscles and fibers. An exhaustive swimming test with a load corresponding to 5% of body weight was utilized in mice to assess the effects of TIGAR on exercise-induced fatigue and muscle damage. The running time and metabolic indicators were significantly greater in wild-type (WT) mice compared with TIGAR knockout (KO) mice. Poor exercise capacity was accompanied by decreased type IIA fibers in TIGAR KO mice. Decreased mitochondrial number and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were observed more in TIGAR KO mice than in WT mice, which were involved in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), and resveratrol treatment in TIGAR KO mice can increase mitochondrial content and exercise time. Much more TIGAR was also detected in mitochondria during exhaustive exercise. In addition, TIGAR, rather than mitochondria-targeted TIGAR achieved by in vitro plasmid transfection, promoted SIRT1-PGC1α pathway. Glutathione S-transferase-TIGAR pull-down assay followed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry found that TIGAR interacted with ATP synthase F1 subunit α (ATP5A1), and its binding to ATP5A1 increased during exhaustive exercise. Overexpression of mitochondrial-TIGAR enhanced ATP generation, maintained mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress under hypoxia condition. Taken together, our results uncovered a novel role for TIGAR in mitochondrial regulation in fast-twitch oxidative skeletal muscle through SIRT1-PGC1α and translocation into mitochondria, which contribute to the increase in exercise endurance of mice.-Geng, J., Wei, M., Yuan, X., Liu, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, D., Luo, L., Wu, J., Guo, W., Qin, Z.-H. TIGAR regulates mitochondrial functions through SIRT1-PGC1α pathway and translocation of TIGAR into mitochondria in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingzhen Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Pathology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Geng J, Yuan X, Wei M, Wu J, Qin ZH. The diverse role of TIGAR in cellular homeostasis and cancer. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1240-1249. [PMID: 30284488 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1489133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a p53 target protein that plays critical roles in glycolysis and redox balance. Accumulating evidence shows that TIGAR is highly expressed in cancer. TIGAR redirects glycolysis and promotes carcinoma growth by providing metabolic intermediates and reductive power derived from pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The expression of TIGAR in cancer is positively associated with chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that TIGAR could be a novel therapeutic target. In this review, we briefly presented the function of TIGAR in metabolic homeostasis in normal and cancer cells. Finally, we discussed the future directions of TIGAR research in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Geng
- a Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- b Pathology Department , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
| | - Mingzhen Wei
- a Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
| | - Junchao Wu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- a Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
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25
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Gu Y, Sheng R, Wu J, Zhou Y, Qin ZH. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate inhibits rat platelet aggregation and p38 phosphorylation. Thromb Res 2018; 171:121-129. [PMID: 30292134 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found that reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) protected neurons against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. In addition to ROS reduction and ATP increment, preliminary data suggested that NADPH inhibited ADP and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. As the effect of NADPH on platelet function was not reported by other investigators, the actions of NADPH on platelet function and mechanisms of actions were investigated in the present study. In vitro studies, the effects of different concentrations of NADPH on platelet aggregation induced by ADP (10 μM), thrombin (0.05 U/mL) or AA (50 μM) were determined. The results showed that NADPH could inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin or AA in a concentration dependent manner. When the inhibitory effects of NAD+, NADH, NADP+ and NADPH on platelet aggregation were compared, NADPH demonstrated the relatively best effect on platelet aggregation. In vivo studies, the effects of NADPH on platelet aggregation, tail bleeding time, coagulation response and ferric chloride-induced thrombosis were determined in mice or rats. The maximum aggregation rate of platelets of rats injected with NADPH (5 mg/kg) was lower than platelets from control rats. NADPH transiently prolonged tail bleeding time in mice at 30 min after the injection of NADPH (7.5 mg/kg), while aspirin (15 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the tail bleeding time in mice at all time points examined. NADPH (5 mg/kg), as well as aspirin (10 mg/kg), had no effect on coagulation response in rats. Using a FeCl3-induced abdominal aorta injury thrombosis model, administration of NADPH (5 mg/kg) significantly delayed the onset of vessel occlusion, while aspirin (10 mg/kg) almost completely prevented the vessel occlusion. With microscopic examination the thrombi in injured vessel sections of rats received NADPH were much smaller and less dense than that of rats received vehicle treatment. ADP induced an increase in phosphorylation of p38 and the effect was markedly inhibited by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Similarly, NADPH also inhibited ADP-induced phosphorylation of p38. Similar to NADPH, SB203580 robustly inhibited ADP- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. In addition, NADPH also reduced ADP-induced increases in ROS in platelets. The current results demonstrated that NADPH inhibited platelet aggregation, oxidative stress and p38 phosphorylation, suggesting that NADPH might be a novel compound for management of high risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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26
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Zhou H, Ma Q, Zhu P, Ren J, Reiter RJ, Chen Y. Protective role of melatonin in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: From pathogenesis to targeted therapy. J Pineal Res 2018; 64. [PMID: 29363153 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. In patients with MI, the treatment option for reducing acute myocardial ischemic injury and limiting MI size is timely and effective myocardial reperfusion using either thombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the procedure of reperfusion itself induces cardiomyocyte death, known as myocardial reperfusion injury, for which there is still no effective therapy. Recent evidence has depicted a promising role of melatonin, which possesses powerful antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, in the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and the protection against cardiomyocyte death. A number of reports explored the mechanism of action behind melatonin-induced beneficial effects against myocardial IR injury. In this review, we summarize the research progress related to IR injury and discuss the unique actions of melatonin as a protective agent. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms responsible for the myocardial benefits of melatonin against reperfusion injury are listed with the prospect of the use of melatonin in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Lei Y, Wang C, Jiang Q, Sun X, Du Y, Zhu Y, Lu Y. Calpain activation and disturbance of autophagy are induced in cortical neurons in vitro by exposure to HA/ β-Ga 2O 3:Cr 3+ nanoparticles. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4365. [PMID: 29441243 PMCID: PMC5807884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of engineered nanoparticles remains a concern. The knowledge of biohazards associated with particular nanoparticles is crucial to make this cutting-edge technology more beneficial and safe. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of Ga2O3 nanoparticles (NPs), which are frequently used to enhance the performance of metal catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions. The potential inflammatory signaling associated with the toxicity of HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs in primary cortical neurons was examined. We observed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis in neurons following various concentrations (0, 1, 5, 25, 50, 100 µg/ml) of HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs treatment. Consistently, constitutively active forms of calcineurin (48 kDa) were significantly elevated in cultured primary cortical neurons, which was consistent with calpain activation indicated by the breakdown products of spectrin. Moreover, HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs result in the elevation of LC3-II formation, SQSTM/p62, and Cathepsin B, whereas phosphorylation of CaMKII (Thr286) and Synapsin I (Ser603) were downregulated in the same context. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that calpain activation and a disturbance of autophagy signaling are evoked by exposure to HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs, which may contribute to neuronal injury in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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28
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Tan DX, Xu B, Zhou X, Reiter RJ. Pineal Calcification, Melatonin Production, Aging, Associated Health Consequences and Rejuvenation of the Pineal Gland. Molecules 2018; 23:E301. [PMID: 29385085 PMCID: PMC6017004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pineal gland is a unique organ that synthesizes melatonin as the signaling molecule of natural photoperiodic environment and as a potent neuronal protective antioxidant. An intact and functional pineal gland is necessary for preserving optimal human health. Unfortunately, this gland has the highest calcification rate among all organs and tissues of the human body. Pineal calcification jeopardizes melatonin's synthetic capacity and is associated with a variety of neuronal diseases. In the current review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of how this process may occur under pathological conditions or during aging. We hypothesized that pineal calcification is an active process and resembles in some respects of bone formation. The mesenchymal stem cells and melatonin participate in this process. Finally, we suggest that preservation of pineal health can be achieved by retarding its premature calcification or even rejuvenating the calcified gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Xinjia Zhou
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Wang C, Ahmed MM, Jiang Q, Lu N, Tan C, Gao Y, Mahmood Q, Chen D, Fukunaga K, Li M, Chen Z, Wilcox CS, Lu Y, Qin Z, Han F. Melatonin ameliorates hypoglycemic stress-induced brain endothelial tight junction injury by inhibiting protein nitration of TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator. J Pineal Res 2017; 63:e12440. [PMID: 28776759 PMCID: PMC5656838 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe hypoglycemia has a detrimental impact on the cerebrovasculature, but the molecular events that lead to the disruption of the integrity of the tight junctions remain unclear. Here, we report that the microvessel integrity was dramatically compromised (59.41% of wild-type mice) in TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) transgenic mice stressed by hypoglycemia. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against hypoglycemic stress-induced brain endothelial tight junction injury in the dosage of 400 nmol/L in vitro. FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) imaging data of endothelial cells stressed by low glucose revealed that TIGAR couples with calmodulin to promote TIGAR tyrosine nitration. A tyrosine 92 mutation interferes with the TIGAR-dependent NADPH generation (55.60% decreased) and abolishes its protective effect on tight junctions in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. We further demonstrate that the low-glucose-induced disruption of occludin and Caludin5 as well as activation of autophagy was abrogated by melatonin-mediated blockade of nitrosative stress in vitro. Collectively, we provide information on the detailed molecular mechanisms for the protective actions of melatonin on brain endothelial tight junctions and suggest that this indole has translational potential for severe hypoglycemia-induced neurovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐kun Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Muhammad Masood Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Quan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Nan‐nan Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chao Tan
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yin‐ping Gao
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dan‐yang Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of PharmacologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous DiseasesSoochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSuzhouChina
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Christopher S. Wilcox
- Hypertension, Kidney, and Vascular Research CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Ying‐mei Lu
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Zheng‐hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous DiseasesSoochow University School of Pharmaceutical ScienceSuzhouChina
| | - Feng Han
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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