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Shili CN, Kiyimba F, Hartsen S, Ramanathan R, Pezeshki A. Recombinant Phytase Modulates Blood Amino Acids and Proteomics Profiles in Pigs Fed with Low-Protein, -Calcium, and -Phosphorous Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:341. [PMID: 38203511 PMCID: PMC10778770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A beneficial effect of corn-expressed phytase (CEP) on the growth performance of pigs fed with very low-protein (VLP) diets was previously shown. Little is known whether this improvement is related to alterations in the expression profiles of blood proteins and amino acids (AAs). The objective of this study was to investigate whether supplementation of VLP, low-calcium (Ca), and low-P diets with a CEP would alter the blood AAs and protein expression profiles in pigs. Forty-eight pigs were subjected to one of the following groups (n = 8/group) for 4 weeks: positive control (PC), negative control-reduced protein (NC), NC + low-dose CEP (LD), NC + high-dose CEP (HD), LD with reduced Ca/P (LDR), and HD with reduced Ca/P (HDR). Plasma leucine and phenylalanine concentrations were reduced in NC; however, the LD diet recovered the concentration of these AAs. Serum proteomics analysis revealed that proteins involved with growth regulation, such as selenoprotein P were upregulated while the IGF-binding proteins family proteins were differentially expressed in CEP-supplemented groups. Furthermore, a positive correlation was detected between growth and abundance of proteins involved in bone mineralization and muscle structure development. Taken together, CEP improved the blood profile of some essential AAs and affected the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrick N. Shili
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.N.S.); (F.K.); (R.R.)
| | - Frank Kiyimba
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.N.S.); (F.K.); (R.R.)
| | - Steve Hartsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Ranjith Ramanathan
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.N.S.); (F.K.); (R.R.)
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (C.N.S.); (F.K.); (R.R.)
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Tejeda JF, Hernández-Matamoros A, González E. Characteristics, lipogenic enzyme activity, and fatty acid composition of muscles in the Iberian pig: Effects of protein restriction and free-range feeding. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ajao AM, White D, Kim WK, Olukosi OA. Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Canola Meal or Corn DDGS in Low-Protein Diets Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids-Effect on Growth Performance, Whole-Body Composition, and Litter Characteristics. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192662. [PMID: 36230403 PMCID: PMC9559617 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 42-day study was conducted to explore the application of supplemental amino acids (AA) in low-protein diets with soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) or corn distillers dried grain with solubles (cDDGS) as the main protein feedstuffs. The responses of interest were growth performance, carcass yield, whole-body composition, litter ammonia and litter N. On d 0, a total of 540 Cobb 500 (off-sex) male broilers were allocated to 36 floor pens. All the birds received one starter diet that met nutrient requirements during the first 10d. Thereafter, six experimental diets were provided in grower and finisher phases. The diets included a positive control (PC): a corn−SBM diet with adequate protein. The protein level of the negative control (NC) was decreased by 45 g/kg relative to the PC. The next two diets had the same protein levels as the NC but with cDDGS added at 50 or 125 g/kg. The last two diets had the same CP as the NC but with CM added at 50 or 100 g/kg. All the low-protein diets had the same level of standardized ileal digestible indispensable AA according to Cobb 500 recommended level. Gly and Ser were added as sources of non-specific N. The dietary protein reduction in corn−SBM diets at both phases decreased (p < 0.05) weight gain and increased (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Increasing levels of cDDGS or CM, at a constant CP level, linearly decreased (p < 0.05) the weight gain and feed intake, whereas increasing CM level linearly increased (p < 0.05) FCR in the grower and finisher phases. The eviscerated and carcass yields decreased, whereas the fat yield increased (p < 0.05) with reduced protein in corn−SBM diet. Increasing levels of cDDGS and CM at a constant CP level quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) the eviscerated weight, whereas the fat weight linearly decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing levels of cDDGS and CM. The birds receiving the PC diet had a lower (p < 0.05) lean muscle (%) and a higher fat (%) compared to birds receiving the NC diet at d 21. However, on d42, birds receiving the PC diet had decreased (p < 0.05) bone mineral density, bone mineral content and lean weight compared to those receiving the NC diet. The litter ammonia increased (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of protein in the SBM diets. In conclusion, 50 g/kg inclusion levels of CM and cDDGS at the same low-protein levels as SBM produced a similar growth response to the NC, whereas higher levels were detrimental. Hence under the conditions of the current experiment, complete replacement of SBM with DDGS or CM in low-protein diets was not feasible.
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Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation Derived from Lonicera macranthoides Hand-Mazz on Growth Performance, Free Amino Acid Profile, and Muscle Protein Synthesis in a Finishing Pig Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6316611. [PMID: 35313639 PMCID: PMC8934221 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6316611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), as one of the richest polyphenol compounds in nature, has broad applications in many fields due to its various biological properties. However, initial data on the effects of dietary CGA on protein synthesis and related basal metabolic activity has rarely been reported. The current study is aimed at (1) determining whether dietary CGA supplementation improves the growth performance and carcass traits, (2) assessing whether dietary CGA alters the free amino acid profile, and (3) verifying whether dietary CGA promotes muscle protein synthesis in finishing pigs. Thirty-two (Large × White × Landrace) finishing barrows with an average initial body weight of
kg were randomly allotted to 4 groups and fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08% CGA, respectively. The results indicated that, compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 0.04% CGA slightly stimulated the growth performance of pigs, whereas no significant correlation was noted between the dietary CGA levels and animal growth (
). Furthermore, the carcass traits of pigs were improved by 0.04% dietary CGA (
). In addition, dietary CGA significantly improved the serum free amino acid profiles of pigs (
), while 0.04% dietary CGA promoted more amino acids to translocate to skeletal muscles (
). The relative mRNA expression levels of SNAT2 in both longissimus dorsi (LD) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles were augmented in the 0.02% and 0.04% groups (
), and the LAT1 mRNA expression in the BF muscle was elevated in the 0.02% group (
). We also found that dietary CGA supplementation at the levels of 0.04% or 0.08% promoted the expression of p-Akt and activated the mTOR-S6K1-4EBP1 axis in the LD muscle (
). Besides, the MAFbx mRNA abundance in the 0.02% and 0.04% groups was significantly lower (
). Our results revealed that dietary supplementation with CGA of 0.04% improved the free amino acid profile and enhanced muscle protein biosynthesis in the LD muscle in finishing pigs.
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Habibi M, Shili CN, Sutton J, Goodarzi P, Pezeshki A. Dietary branched-chain amino acids modulate the dynamics of calcium absorption and reabsorption in protein-restricted pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:15. [PMID: 35139926 PMCID: PMC8830008 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very low-protein (VLP) diets negatively impact calcium (Ca) metabolism and absorption. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and limiting amino acids (LAA) on Ca digestibility, absorption and reabsorption in pigs fed with VLP diets. Forty-eight piglets were assigned to six treatments: positive control (PC), negative control (NC), and NC containing LAA 25%, LAA 50%, LAA + BCAA 25% (LB25) and LAA + BCAA 50% (LB50) more than recommendations. Results Relative to PC or NC, LB25 and LB50 had higher digestibility of Ca and plasma Ca and phosphorus (P), but lower plasma vitamin D3. LB50 tended to increase vitamin D receptor transcript and protein in the gut, but decreased mRNA or protein abundance of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), calbindin 1 (CALB1), cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 and occludin in small intestine. LB50 increased the transcript of cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 and PTH1R but decreased the transcript of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5, CALB1 and solute carrier family 17 member 4 in kidney. Conclusion Overall, BCAA increased Ca digestibility through regulating the transcellular and paracellular Ca absorption in the gut and reabsorption in kidney during protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Habibi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Cedrick N Shili
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Julia Sutton
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Parniyan Goodarzi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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A Moderate Reduction of Dietary Crude Protein Provide Comparable Growth Performance and Improve Metabolism via Changing Intestinal Microbiota in Sushan Nursery Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041166. [PMID: 33921586 PMCID: PMC8073206 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the effects of a diet with a moderate reduction of dietary crude protein (CP) level, supplemented with five crystalline amino acids (Lys, Met, Thr, Try, and Val), on the growth, metabolism, and fecal microbiota of Sushan nursery pigs. Seventy Sushan nursery pigs with an average body weight of 19.56 ± 0.24 kg were randomly allocated to two experimental dietary treatments: 18% CP (high protein; group HP), and 15% CP (low protein; group LP). We found that the differences in the two diets had no significant effect on the growth performance of Sushan nursery pigs. Nursery pigs on the 15% CP diet showed significantly improved protein, amino acid, and energy utilization. Furthermore, the LP diet cloud optimized the gut microflora composition to some extent. The functional structure of bacterial communities implied improved metabolic capabilities in group LP. Additionally, correlation analysis between fecal microbiota and metabolic profiles confirmed that the increase of beneficial bacterial in the feces was beneficial to the health and metabolism of the nursery pigs. In conclusion, a moderate reduction in the dietary protein level can improve growth and metabolism due to the improvement of intestinal microbiota in Sushan nursery pigs. This finding could provide useful reference data for the application of a different nutrition strategy in indigenous pig production.
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Spring S, Premathilake H, Bradway C, Shili C, DeSilva U, Carter S, Pezeshki A. Effect of very low-protein diets supplemented with branched-chain amino acids on energy balance, plasma metabolomics and fecal microbiome of pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15859. [PMID: 32985541 PMCID: PMC7523006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding pigs with very-low protein (VLP) diets while supplemented with limiting amino acids (AA) results in decreased growth. The objective of this study was to determine if supplementing VLP diets with branched-chain AA (BCAA) would reverse the negative effects of these diets on growth and whether this is associated with alterations in energy balance, blood metabolomics and fecal microbiota composition. Twenty-four nursery pigs were weight-matched, individually housed and allotted into following treatments (n = 8/group): control (CON), low protein (LP) and LP supplemented with BCAA (LP + BCAA) for 4 weeks. Relative to CON, pigs fed with LP had lower feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) throughout the study, but those fed with LP + BCAA improved overall FI computed for 4 weeks, tended to increase the overall average daily gain, delayed the FI and BW depression for ~ 2 weeks and had transiently higher energy expenditure. Feeding pigs with LP + BCAA impacted the phenylalanine and protein metabolism and fatty acids synthesis pathways. Compared to CON, the LP + BCAA group had higher abundance of Paludibacteraceae and Synergistaceae and reduced populations of Streptococcaceae, Oxyphotobacteria_unclassified, Pseudomonadaceae and Shewanellaceae in their feces. Thus, supplementing VLP diets with BCAA temporarily annuls the adverse effects of these diets on growth, which is linked with alterations in energy balance and metabolic and gut microbiome profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Spring
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Hasitha Premathilake
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Chloe Bradway
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Cedrick Shili
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Udaya DeSilva
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Scott Carter
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Sohel MMH. Macronutrient modulation of mRNA and microRNA function in animals: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:258-268. [PMID: 33005759 PMCID: PMC7503081 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary macronutrients have been regarded as a basic source of energy and amino acids that are necessary for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, metabolic programming as well as protein synthesis. Due to the emergence of “nutrigenomics”, a unique discipline that combines nutritional and omics technologies to study the impacts of nutrition on genomics, it is increasingly evident that macronutrients also have a significant role in the gene expression regulation. Gene expression is a complex phenomenon controlled by several signaling pathways and could be influenced by a wide variety of environmental and physiological factors. Dietary macronutrients are the most important environmental factor influencing the expression of both genes and microRNAs (miRNA). miRNA are tiny molecules of 18 to 22 nucleotides long that regulate the expression of genes. Therefore, dietary macronutrients can influence the expression of genes in both direct and indirect manners. Recent advancements in the state-of-the-art technologies regarding molecular genetics, such as next-generation sequencing, quantitative PCR array, and microarray, allowed us to investigate the occurrence of genome-wide changes in the expression of genes in relation to augmented or reduced dietary macronutrient intake. The purpose of this review is to accumulate the current knowledge focusing on macronutrient mediated changes in the gene function. This review will discuss the impact of altered dietary carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake on the expression of coding genes and their functions. In addition, it will also summarize the regulation of miRNA, both cellular and extracellular miRNA, expression modulated by dietary macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmodul Hasan Sohel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.,Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
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Low Protein-High Carbohydrate Diets Alter Energy Balance, Gut Microbiota Composition and Blood Metabolomics Profile in Young Pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3318. [PMID: 32094453 PMCID: PMC7040010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) beyond a certain threshold leads to poor growth performance in pigs; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Following an adaption period, thirty-seven weaned pigs were weight matched (8.41 ± 0.14 kg), housed individually and randomly assigned into three groups with different dietary CP levels: 24% CP (CON; n = 12), 18% CP (n = 12) and 12% CP (n = 13) for 28 days. The body weight was not different between the CON and 18% CP diets, but 12% CP significantly decreased body weight after day 21. Compared to the CON, pigs fed with 12% CP decreased feed intake day 17 onwards. The 12% CP diet increased the energy expenditure during week 1 compared to the CON. The 12% CP influenced starch and sucrose, nitrogen, and branched-chain amino acids metabolism pathways. The feces of pigs fed with 12% CP were less enriched in Prevotella, but had higher relative abundance of Christensenedilaceae, Aligiphilus and Algoriphagus than CON and 18% CP. Overall, reducing dietary CP by 50%, but not by 25%, significantly influenced the physiological responses in nursery pigs. The pigs fed with low or standard protein diets had differential bacterial communities in their feces as well as serum metabolomics profile.
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Dietary supplementation with arginine and glutamic acid alters the expression of amino acid transporters in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1081-1092. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tian Z, Ma X, Deng D, Cui Y, Chen W. Influence of Nitrogen Levels on Nutrient Transporters and Regulators of Protein Synthesis in Small Intestinal Enterocytes of Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2782-2793. [PMID: 30785738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate effects of dietary nitrogen level on nutrient absorption and utilization in small intestinal enterocyte of piglets, weaned piglets were fed for 10 days with diets containing 20%, 17%, or 14% crude protein (CP) with supplementation to meet requirements for essential amino acids in vivo, and IPEC-1 cells were cultured with different nitrogen levels (NL) in a culture medium (70%, 85%, and 100%) in vitro by monocultured and cocultured intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1) and human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). The results showed the following: (1) In animal trial, decreased dietary CP reduced transcript abundance of nutrient transporters like CAT1, PepT1, GLUT2, and SGLT-1 in jejunal mucosa (0.09 ± 0.03, P < 0.0001; 0.40 ± 0.04, P = 0.0087; 0.20 ± 0.07, P = 0.0003; 0.35 ± 0.02, P = 0.0001), but 17% CP diet did not affect jejunal protein synthesis. (2) The transcript abundance of nutrient transporters displayed similarly effective tendency in jejunal mucosa and cocultured IPEC-1 rather than that in monocultured IPEC-1. (3) Decreased nitrogen levels reduced expressive abundance of PI3K, Class 3 PI3K, TSC2, and 4E-BP1 in monocultured IPEC-1, but 85% nitrogen level did not affect expressive abundance of PI3K, TSC2, mTORC1, 4E-BP1, and S6K1 in cocultured IPEC-1. In general, decreased 3% CP or 15% nitrogen level reduced relative transcript expression of nutrient transporters, but did not affect protein synthesis in jejunal mucosa and cocultured IPEC-1. Therefore, decreased 3% dietary CP increased utilized and synthetic efficiency of nitrogen resource in small intestine and was beneficial in saving the dietary nitrogen resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Hu C, Li F, Duan Y, Kong X, Yan Y, Deng J, Tan C, Wu G, Yin Y. Leucine alone or in combination with glutamic acid, but not with arginine, increases biceps femoris muscle and alters muscle AA transport and concentrations in fattening pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:791-800. [PMID: 30815917 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Forty-eight Duroc × Large White × Landrace pigs with an average initial body weight of 77.09 ± 1.37 kg were used to investigate the effects of combination of leucine (Leu) with arginine (Arg) or glutamic acid (Glu) on muscle growth, free amino acid profiles, expression levels of amino acid transporters and growth-related genes in skeletal muscle. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups (12 pigs/group, castrated male:female = 1:1). The pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet (13% Crude Protein), and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.00% Leu (L group), 1.00% Leu + 1.00% Arg (LA group) or 1.00% Leu + 1.00% Glu (LG group). The experiment lasted for 60 days. Results showed an increase (p < 0.05) in biceps femoris (BF) muscle weight in the L group and LG group relative to the basal diet group. In longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, Lys, taurine and total essential amino acid concentration increased in the LG group relative to the basal diet group (p < 0.05). In LG group, Glu and carnosine concentrations increased (p < 0.05) in the BF muscle, when compared to the basal diet group. The Leu and Lys concentrations of BF muscle were lower in the LA group than that in the L group (p < 0.05). A positive association was found between BF muscle weight and Leu concentration (p < 0.05). The LG group presented higher (p < 0.05) mRNA levels of ASCT2, LAT1, PAT2, SANT2 and TAT1 in LD muscle than those in the basal diet group. The mRNA levels of PAT2 and MyoD in BF muscle were upregulated (p < 0.05) in the LG group, compared with those in the basal diet group. In conclusion, Leu alone or in combination with Glu is benefit for biceps femoris muscle growth in fattening pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yingli Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengquan Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial Key, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Wen C, Li F, Zhang L, Duan Y, Guo Q, Wang W, He S, Li J, Yin Y. Taurine is Involved in Energy Metabolism in Muscles, Adipose Tissue, and the Liver. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800536. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthHunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and HealthCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha 410125 China
- Hunan Co‐Innovation Center of Animal Production SafetyCICAPSHunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Changsha 410128 China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha 410125 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha 410125 China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha 410125 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthHunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and HealthCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Shanping He
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthHunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and HealthCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthHunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and HealthCollege of Life ScienceHunan Normal University Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha 410125 China
- Hunan Co‐Innovation Center of Animal Production SafetyCICAPSHunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients Changsha 410128 China
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14
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Optimal branched-chain amino acid ratio improves cell proliferation and protein metabolism of porcine enterocytesin in vivo and in vitro. Nutrition 2018; 54:173-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chen J, Su W, Kang B, Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Fu C, Yao K. Supplementation with α-ketoglutarate to a low-protein diet enhances amino acid synthesis in tissues and improves protein metabolism in the skeletal muscle of growing pigs. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1525-1537. [PMID: 30167964 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is a crucial intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and can be used for the production of ATP and amino acids in animal tissues. However, the effect of AKG on the expression patterns of genes involved in muscle protein metabolism is largely unknown, and the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we used young pigs to investigate the effects of a low crude protein (CP) diet and a low CP diet supplemented with AKG on protein accretion in their skeletal muscle. A total of 27 growing pigs with an initial body weight of 11.96 ± 0.18 kg were assigned randomly to one of the three diets: control (normal recommended 20% CP, NP), low CP (17% CP, LP), or low CP supplemented with 1% AKG (ALP). The pigs were fed their respective diets for 35 days. Free amino acid (AA) profile and hormone levels in the serum, and the expression of genes implicated in protein metabolism in skeletal muscle were examined. Results showed that compared with the control group or LP group, low-protein diets supplemented with AKG enhanced serum and intramuscular free AA concentrations, the mRNA abundances of AA transporters, and serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and decreased serum urea concentration and the mRNA levels for genes related to muscle protein degradation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that addition of AKG to a low-protein diet promotes amino acid synthesis in tissues and improves protein metabolism in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Wenxuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Baoju Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Kang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
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16
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Ma X, Tian Z, Deng D, Cui Y, Qiu Y. Effect of Dietary Protein Level on the Expression of Proteins in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Young Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4364-4372. [PMID: 29455533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of protein level on proteins expression in the gastrointestinal tract of young pigs. Eighteen piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were weaned at 28 days of age and randomly assigned to three diets with 20%, 17%, and 14% CP level, and four essential amino acids, Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, in three diets met the requirements of weaned piglets. The experimental period lasted 45 days. Compared with the control (20% CP level), the average daily feed intake, the average daily gain, and gain feed ratio of the 17% CP group did not decrease ( P > 0.05), but those of 14% CP group decreased ( P < 0.05). The proteomics profiles result of three tissues (gastric antrum, duodenum, and jejunum) showed that, compared with the control, the immune system, protein digestion and absorption, lipid or carbon digestion and absorption, etc. were up-regulated in 17% CP group, while most of them were down-regulated in 14% CP group. Amino acids metabolism of gastric, pancreatic secretion of duodenum or steroid hormone biosynthesis of jejunum was down-regulated in the 17% CP group, but the lipid metabolism was up-regulated in the 14% CP group. Six proteins were selected for identification by Western-blot, and their changes had the same trend as the proteomics results. The protein level decreased from 20% to 17%, the growth performance was not affected, while the nutrient digestion and absorption or the immune function were improved, which implied that 17% protein level maybe benefit for nutrients absorption of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yueqin Qiu
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
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17
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Steyfkens F, Zhang Z, Van Zeebroeck G, Thevelein JM. Multiple Transceptors for Macro- and Micro-Nutrients Control Diverse Cellular Properties Through the PKA Pathway in Yeast: A Paradigm for the Rapidly Expanding World of Eukaryotic Nutrient Transceptors Up to Those in Human Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:191. [PMID: 29662449 PMCID: PMC5890159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrient composition of the medium has dramatic effects on many cellular properties in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to the well-known specific responses to starvation for an essential nutrient, like nitrogen or phosphate, the presence of fermentable sugar or a respirative carbon source leads to predominance of fermentation or respiration, respectively. Fermenting and respiring cells also show strong differences in other properties, like storage carbohydrate levels, general stress tolerance and cellular growth rate. However, the main glucose repression pathway, which controls the switch between respiration and fermentation, is not involved in control of these properties. They are controlled by the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Addition of glucose to respiring yeast cells triggers cAMP synthesis, activation of PKA and rapid modification of its targets, like storage carbohydrate levels, general stress tolerance and growth rate. However, starvation of fermenting cells in a glucose medium for any essential macro- or micro-nutrient counteracts this effect, leading to downregulation of PKA and its targets concomitant with growth arrest and entrance into G0. Re-addition of the lacking nutrient triggers rapid activation of the PKA pathway, without involvement of cAMP as second messenger. Investigation of the sensing mechanism has revealed that the specific high-affinity nutrient transporter(s) induced during starvation function as transporter-receptors or transceptors for rapid activation of PKA upon re-addition of the missing substrate. In this way, transceptors have been identified for amino acids, ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, iron, and zinc. We propose a hypothesis for regulation of PKA activity by nutrient transceptors to serve as a conceptual framework for future experimentation. Many properties of transceptors appear to be similar to those of classical receptors and nutrient transceptors may constitute intermediate forms in the development of receptors from nutrient transporters during evolution. The nutrient-sensing transceptor system in yeast for activation of the PKA pathway has served as a paradigm for similar studies on candidate nutrient transceptors in other eukaryotes and we succinctly discuss the many examples of transceptors that have already been documented in other yeast species, filamentous fungi, plants, and animals, including the examples in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenella Steyfkens
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Microbiology, VIB, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Microbiology, VIB, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Zeebroeck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Microbiology, VIB, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Johan M Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Microbiology, VIB, Flanders, Belgium
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18
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Wang Z, Duan Y, Li F, Yang B, Zhang J, Hou S. Dietary supplementation with Lonicera macranthoides leaf powder enhances growth performance and muscle growth of Chinese Tibetan pigs. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Duan YH, Li FN, Wen CY, Wang WL, Guo QP, Li YH, Yin YL. Branched-chain amino acid ratios in low-protein diets regulate the free amino acid profile and the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related genes in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e43-e51. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. H. Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changsha Hunan China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central; Ministry of Agriculture; Changsha Hunan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - F. N. Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changsha Hunan China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central; Ministry of Agriculture; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety; CICAPS; Changsha Hunan China. Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Changsha Hunan China
| | - C. Y. Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health; School of Biology; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - W. L. Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health; School of Biology; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Q. P. Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changsha Hunan China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central; Ministry of Agriculture; Changsha Hunan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Y. H. Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changsha Hunan China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central; Ministry of Agriculture; Changsha Hunan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Y. L. Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changsha Hunan China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Changsha Hunan China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central; Ministry of Agriculture; Changsha Hunan China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health; School of Biology; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan China. College of Animal Science; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
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20
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Duan Y, Guo Q, Wen C, Wang W, Li Y, Tan B, Li F, Yin Y. Free Amino Acid Profile and Expression of Genes Implicated in Protein Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Growing Pigs Fed Low-Protein Diets Supplemented with Branched-Chain Amino Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9390-9400. [PMID: 27960294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the expression patterns of genes involved in protein metabolism as affected by diets would be useful for further clarifying the importance of the balance among the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which include leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val). Therefore, we used growing pigs to explore the effects of different dietary BCAA ratios on muscle protein metabolism. The Leu:Ile:Val ratio was 1:0.51:0.63 (20% crude protein, CP), 1:1:1 (17% CP), 1:0.75:0.75 (17% CP), 1:0.51:0.63 (17% CP), and 1:0.25:0.25 (17% CP), respectively. Results showed that compared with the control group, low-protein diets with the BCAA ratio ranging from 1:0.75:0.75 to 1:0.25:0.25 elevated muscle free amino acid (AA) concentrations and AA transporter expression, significantly activated the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway, and decreased serum urea nitrogen content and the mRNA expression of genes related to muscle protein degradation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that maintaining the dietary Leu:Ile:Val ratio within 1:0.25:0.25-1:0.75:0.75 in low-protein diets (17% CP) would facilitate the absorption and utilization of free AA and result in improved protein metabolism and muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chaoyue Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
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21
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Li Y, Li F, Wu L, Wei H, Liu Y, Li T, Tan B, Kong X, Yao K, Chen S, Wu F, Duan Y, Yin Y. Effects of dietary protein restriction on muscle fiber characteristics and mTORC1 pathway in the skeletal muscle of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:47. [PMID: 27555912 PMCID: PMC4994323 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) restriction on muscle fiber characteristics and key regulators related to protein deposition in skeletal muscle, a total of 18 growing-finishing pigs (62.30 ± 0.88 kg) were allotted to 3 groups and fed with the recommended adequate protein (AP, 16 % CP) diet, moderately restricted protein (MP, 13 % CP) diet and low protein (LP, 10 % CP) diet, respectively. The skeletal muscle of different locations in pigs, including longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM), psoas major muscle (PMM) and biceps femoris muscle (BFM) were collected and analyzed. Results Results showed that growing-finishing pigs fed the MP or AP diet improved (P < 0.01) the average daily gain and feed: gain ratio compared with those fed the LP diet, and the MP diet tended to increase (P = 0.09) the weight of LDM. Moreover, the ATP content and energy charge value were varied among muscle samples from different locations of pigs fed the reduced protein diets. We also observed that pigs fed the MP diet up-regulated (P < 0.05) muscular mRNA expression of all the selected key genes, except that myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb, MyHC IIx, while mRNA expression of ubiquitin ligases genes was not affected by dietary CP level. Additionally, the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway was stimulated (P < 0.05) in skeletal muscle of the pigs fed the MP or AP diet compared with those fed the LP diet. Conclusion The results suggest that the pigs fed the MP diet could catch up to the growth performance and the LDM weight of the pigs fed the AP diet, and the underlying mechanism may be partly due to the alteration in energy status, modulation of muscle fiber characteristics and mTORC1 activation as well as its downstream effectors in skeletal muscle of different locations in growing-finishing pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-016-0106-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- College of Animal Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Kang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410018 China
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