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Liu G, Sun H, Liu C, Bai L, Yang L, Jiang W, Gao S. Impact of different dietary fibre sources on production performance, bacterial composition and metabolites in the caecal contents of rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1279-1293. [PMID: 37070489 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary fibre sources on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, caecal fermentation and bacterial composition in the caecal contents of rabbits. A total of 120 35-day-old weaned Minxinan black rabbits were divided into three groups and fed a diet composed of peanut straw powder (Group A), alfalfa powder (Group B) and soybean straw powder (Group C) as the main fibre source. The final body weight and average daily gain in Group B were higher than those in Group C, and the average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio in Group A were lower than those in Group C (p < 0.05). The relative weights of the stomach, small intestine and caecum of rabbits in Group C were higher than those in Groups of B and A, and the relative weights of the caecal contents in Group C were lower than those in Groups A or B (p < 0.05). The pH value and propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid concentrations in the caecum of Group C were lower than those in the caecum of Groups A or B, and the concentration of acetic acid in the caecum was lower (p < 0.05). The dominant microbes in the caecal contents of Minxinan black rabbits were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria at the phylum level, and the number of species, Chao1 index and ACE index measured was different between the B-C and A-C groups (p < 0.05). Different dietary fibre sources could affect the growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development and intestinal microbiota of rabbits, and the nutritional value of alfalfa powder was better than that of peanut straw and soybean straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ce Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liya Bai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxue Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxia Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multiomics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Zeng T, Sun H, Huang M, Guo R, Gu T, Cao Y, Li C, Tian Y, Chen L, Li G, Lu L. Dietary supplementation of coated sodium butyrate improves growth performance of laying ducks by regulating intestinal health and immunological performance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142915. [PMID: 36969242 PMCID: PMC10034168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThis study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on the growth performance, serum antioxidant, immune performance, and intestinal microbiota of laying ducks.MethodsA total of 120 48-week-old laying ducks were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups: the control group (group C fed a basal diet) and the CSB-treated group (group CSB fed the basal diet + 250 g/t of CSB). Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates, with 10 ducks per replicate, and the trial was conducted for 60 days.ResultsCompared with the group C, the group CSB showed a significant increase in the laying rate (p<0.05) of the 53-56 week-old ducks. Additionally, the serum total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity and immunoglobulin G level were significantly higher (p<0.05), while the serum malondialdehyde content and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a level were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the serum of the group CSB compared to the group C. Moreover, the expression of IL-1b and TNF-a in the spleen of the group CSB was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to that of the group C. In addition, compared with the group C, the expression of Occludin in the ileum and the villus height in the jejunum were significantly higher in the group CSB (p<0.05). Furthermore, Chao1, Shannon, and Pielou-e indices were higher in the group CSB compared to the group C (p<0.05). The abundance of Bacteroidetes in the group CSB was lower than that in the group C (p<0.05), while the abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were higher in the group CSB compared to the group C (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the dietary supplementation of CSB can alleviate egg-laying stress in laying ducks by enhancing immunity and maintaining the intestinal health of the ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanxue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manman Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongbing Guo
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfeng Li
- Hubei Shendan Health Food Co., Ltd., Xiaogan, China
| | - Yong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhi Lu,
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Li S, Liu T, Wang K, Li C, Wu F, Yang X, Zhao M, Chen B, Chen X. The ratios of dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) to neutral detergent fiber (NDF) influence intestinal immunity of rabbits by regulating gut microbiota composition and metabolites. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146787. [PMID: 37152746 PMCID: PMC10157162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate is the most common macronutrient consumed across all phases of the diet and acts as a potential regulator in modulating the gut microbiota in animals. However, the influences of dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) to neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in different ratios on gut microbiota, metabolites, intestinal immunity, and growth performance have not been fully explored. A total of 135 healthy weaned rabbits (45.1 ± 0.7 d of age) with an average body weight of 1.08 ± 0.07 kg were randomly divided into five groups. Under the same other nutrient levels, rabbits were fed diets with NFC/NDF ratios of 0.7 (T1), 1.0 (T2), 1.3 (T3), 1.6 (T4), and 1.9 (T5). During the 28-day experiment, T3 rabbits showed the highest final body weight and the lowest feed-to-weight ratio than T5 rabbits (P < 0.05) but no significant difference with T1 or T2 rabbits. The expression of cecal pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α was increased in the T4 and T5 than in those of other groups (P < 0.05). Conversely, the tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin) were decreased to varying degrees in the T4 and T5 groups. The pH value in the cecal digesta of T5 rabbits was lower than that of T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.05), while the concentration of volatile fatty acids and propionate was higher than those of T1, T2, and T3 rabbits (P < 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota, at the phylum level, the relative burden of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in T2 rabbits was the highest (P < 0.05), and the relative burden of Proteobacteria in T5 rabbits was higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative burden of Ruminococcus was higher in T2 and T3 rabbits than that of other groups, and T5 rabbits have the lowest relative burden of Ruminococcus. Combination analysis showed that cecal metabolites were positively associated with fermentation-related phenotypes and the burden of Firmicutes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, different dietary NFC/NDF ratios can affect the intestinal immune response and growth performance of rabbits, and there was a positive effect when dietary NFC/NDF = 1.0-1.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chong Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, Teaching and Research Centre (TERRA), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Fengyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Man Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Baojiang Chen
| | - Xiang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Chen
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Velasco-Galilea M, Piles M, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Varona L, Sánchez JP. Use of Bayes factors to evaluate the effects of host genetics, litter and cage on the rabbit cecal microbiota. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:46. [PMID: 35761200 PMCID: PMC9235133 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rabbit cecum hosts and interacts with a complex microbial ecosystem that contributes to the variation of traits of economic interest. Although the influence of host genetics on microbial diversity and specific microbial taxa has been studied in several species (e.g., humans, pigs, or cattle), it has not been investigated in rabbits. Using a Bayes factor approach, the aim of this study was to dissect the effects of host genetics, litter and cage on 984 microbial traits that are representative of the rabbit microbiota. Results Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of cecal microbiota from 425 rabbits resulted in the relative abundances of 29 genera, 951 operational taxonomic units (OTU), and four microbial alpha-diversity indices. Each of these microbial traits was adjusted with mixed linear and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models, which all included additive genetic, litter and cage effects, and body weight at weaning and batch as systematic factors. The marginal posterior distributions of the model parameters were estimated using MCMC Bayesian procedures. The deviance information criterion (DIC) was used for model comparison regarding the statistical distribution of the data (normal or ZIP), and the Bayes factor was computed as a measure of the strength of evidence in favor of the host genetics, litter, and cage effects on microbial traits. According to DIC, all microbial traits were better adjusted with the linear model except for the OTU present in less than 10% of the animals, and for 25 of the 43 OTU with a frequency between 10 and 25%. On a global scale, the Bayes factor revealed substantial evidence in favor of the genetic control of the number of observed OTU and Shannon indices. At the taxon-specific level, significant proportions of the OTU and relative abundances of genera were influenced by additive genetic, litter, and cage effects. Several members of the genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides were strongly influenced by the host genetics and nursing environment, whereas the family S24-7 and the genus Ruminococcus were strongly influenced by cage effects. Conclusions This study demonstrates that host genetics shapes the overall rabbit cecal microbial diversity and that a significant proportion of the taxa is influenced either by host genetics or environmental factors, such as litter and/or cage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-022-00738-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Velasco-Galilea
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)-Animal Breeding and Genetics, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Piles
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)-Animal Breeding and Genetics, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)-Animal Breeding and Genetics, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Varona
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Sánchez
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)-Animal Breeding and Genetics, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
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Li C, Niu J, Liu Y, Li F, Liu L. The effects of oregano essential oil on production performance and intestinal barrier function in growing Hyla rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2005471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jinling Niu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yongxu Liu
- Qingdao Kangda Food Co., Ltd., Huangdao, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Li C, Chen J, Zhao M, Liu M, Yue Z, Liu L, Li F. Effect of sodium butyrate on slaughter performance, serum indexes and intestinal barrier of rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:156-166. [PMID: 34096104 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate on slaughter performance, serum indexes and the intestinal barrier in rabbits. Six hundred healthy weaned rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (5 replicates per group, 40 rabbits per replicate): control (fed a basal diet), sodium butyrate (fed a basal diet containing 0.5% sodium butyrate) and antibiotic (fed a basal diet containing 0.004% antibiotic). The trial lasted 35 days, including 7 days of pretesting and 28 days of formal testing. The results showed that dietary sodium butyrate supplementation increased the full-bore weight, the half-bore weight and the half-bore rate of rabbits. Meanwhile, the content of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum was increased in rabbits fed the sodium butyrate diet. According to the intestinal barrier, after adding sodium butyrate to feed, the tight junction function of the rabbit intestine is enhanced, and the intestinal microbial composition is also improved. To sum up, after sodium butyrate was added to feed instead of antibiotics, slaughter performance was significantly enhanced, serum indexes were improved, and intestinal barrier function was also enhanced. Therefore, sodium butyrate can be added to feed as an additive and can replace antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhengkai Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Misiukiewicz A, Gao M, Filipiak W, Cieslak A, Patra AK, Szumacher-Strabel M. Review: Methanogens and methane production in the digestive systems of nonruminant farm animals. Animal 2020; 15:100060. [PMID: 33516013 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The greenhouse gases (GHGs) derived from agriculture include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane (CH4). Of these GHGs, CH4, in particular, constitutes a major component of the GHG emitted by the agricultural sector. Along with environmental concerns, CH4 emission also leads to losses in gross energy intake with economic implications. While ruminants are considered the main source of CH4 from agriculture, nonruminant animals also contribute substantially, and the CH4 emission intensity of nonruminants remains comparable to that of ruminants. Means of mitigating CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation have therefore been sought. Methane is produced by methanogens-archaeal microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tracts of animals and participate in fermentation processes. As the diversity of methanogen communities is thought to be responsible for the differences in CH4 production among nonruminant animals, it is necessary to investigate the archaeal composition of specific animal species. Methanogens play an important role in energy metabolism and adipose tissue deposition in animals. Higher abundances of methanogens, along with their higher diversity, have been reported to contribute to lean phenotype in pigs. In particular, a greater abundance of Methanosphaera spp. and early dominance of Methanobrevibacter smithii have been reported to correlate with lower body fat formation in pigs. Besides the contribution of methanogens to the metabolic phenotype of their hosts, CH4 release reduces the productivity that could be achieved through other hydrogen (H2) disposal pathways. Enhanced participation of acetogenesis in H2 disposal, leading to acetate formation, could be a more favorable direction for animal production and the environment. Better knowledge and understanding of the archaeal communities of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including their metabolism and interactions with other microorganisms, would thus allow the development of new strategies for inhibiting methanogens and shifting toward acetogenesis. There are a variety of approaches to inhibiting methanogens and mitigating methanogenesis in ruminants, which can find an application for nonruminants, such as nutritional changes through supplementation with biologically active compounds and management changes. We summarize the available reports and provide a comprehensive review of methanogens living in the GIT of various nonruminants, such as swine, horses, donkeys, rabbits, and poultry. This review will help in a better understanding of the populations and diversity of methanogens and the implications of their presence in nonruminant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Misiukiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - M Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - W Filipiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - A Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - A K Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - M Szumacher-Strabel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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Li C, Chen X, Zhang B, Liu L, Li F. Sodium butyrate improved intestinal barrier in rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1847209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Velasco-Galilea M, Guivernau M, Piles M, Viñas M, Rafel O, Sánchez A, Ramayo-Caldas Y, González-Rodríguez O, Sánchez JP. Breeding farm, level of feeding and presence of antibiotics in the feed influence rabbit cecal microbiota. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:40. [PMID: 33499975 PMCID: PMC7807820 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of the production environment and different management practices in rabbit cecal microbiota remains poorly understood. While previous studies have proved the impact of the age or the feed composition, research in the breeding farm and other animal management aspects, such as the presence of antibiotics in the feed or the level of feeding, is still needed. Characterization of microbial diversity and composition of growing rabbits raised under different conditions could help better understand the role these practices play in cecal microbial communities and how it may result in different animal performance. Results Four hundred twenty-five meat rabbits raised in two different facilities, fed under two feeding regimes (ad libitum or restricted) with feed supplemented or free of antibiotics, were selected for this study. A 16S rRNA gene-based assessment through the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform was performed on cecal samples collected from these individuals at slaughter. Different univariate and multivariate approaches were conducted to unravel the influence of the different factors on microbial alpha diversity and composition at phylum, genus and OTU taxonomic levels. The animals raised in the facility harboring the most stable environmental conditions had greater, and less variable, microbial richness and diversity. Bootstrap univariate analyses of variance and sparse partial least squares-discriminant analyses endorsed that farm conditions exerted an important influence on rabbit microbiota since the relative abundances of many taxa were found differentially represented between both facilities at all taxonomic levels characterized. Furthermore, only five OTUs were needed to achieve a perfect classification of samples according to the facility where animals were raised. The level of feeding and the presence of antibiotics did not modify the global alpha diversity but had an impact on some bacteria relative abundances, albeit in a small number of taxa compared with farm, which is consistent with the lower sample classification power according to these factors achieved using microbial information. Conclusions This study reveals that factors associated with the farm effect and other management factors, such as the presence of antibiotics in the diet or the feeding level, modify cecal microbial communities. It highlights the importance of offering a controlled breeding environment that reduces differences in microbial cecal composition that could be responsible for different animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Velasco-Galilea
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Guivernau
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Integral Management of Organic Waste, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Piles
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Viñas
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Integral Management of Organic Waste, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Rafel
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armand Sánchez
- Animal Genomics Group, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Catalonia, Spain.,Unit of Animal Science, Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga González-Rodríguez
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan P Sánchez
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) - Animal Breeding and Genetics, E08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
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Beyond Just Bacteria: Functional Biomes in the Gut Ecosystem Including Virome, Mycobiome, Archaeome and Helminths. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040483. [PMID: 32231141 PMCID: PMC7232386 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota refers to a complex network of microbes, which exerts a marked influence on the host’s health. It is composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and helminths. Bacteria, or collectively, the bacteriome, comprises a significant proportion of the well-characterized microbiome. However, the other communities referred to as ‘dark matter’ of microbiomes such as viruses (virome), fungi (mycobiome), archaea (archaeome), and helminths have not been completely elucidated. Development of new and improved metagenomics methods has allowed the identification of complete genomes from the genetic material in the human gut, opening new perspectives on the understanding of the gut microbiome composition, their importance, and potential clinical applications. Here, we review the recent evidence on the viruses, fungi, archaea, and helminths found in the mammalian gut, detailing their interactions with the resident bacterial microbiota and the host, to explore the potential impact of the microbiome on host’s health. The role of fecal virome transplantations, pre-, pro-, and syn-biotic interventions in modulating the microbiome and their related concerns are also discussed.
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Yuan M, Liu S, Wang Z, Wang L, Xue B, Zou H, Tian G, Cai J, Peng Q. Effects of particle size of ground alfalfa hay on caecal bacteria and archaea populations of rabbits. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7910. [PMID: 31637140 PMCID: PMC6802586 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work was aimed to investigate the effects of the different particle size of ground alfalfa hay on caecal microbial and archeal communities of rabbits. One hundred-twenty New Zealand rabbits (950.3 ± 8.82 g) were allocated into four treatments, with five replicates in each treatment and six rabbits in each replicate. The particle sizes of the alfalfa meal in the four treatment diets were 2,500, 1,000, 100 and 10 µm respectively, while the other ingredients were ground through a 2.5 mm sieve. High-throughput sequencing technology was applied to examine the differences in bacteria and methanogenic archaea diversity in the caecum of the four treatment groups of rabbits. A total of 745,946 bacterial sequences (a mean of 31,081 ± 13,901 sequences per sample) and 539,227 archaeal sequences (a mean of 22,468 ± 2,443 sequences per sample) were recovered from twenty-four caecal samples, and were clustered into 9,953 and 2,246 OTUs respectively. A total of 26 bacterial phyla with 465 genera and three archaeal phyla with 10 genera were identified after taxonomic summarization. Bioinformatic analyses illustrated that Firmicutes (58.69% ∼ 68.50%) and Bacteroidetes (23.96% ∼ 36.05%) were the two most predominant bacterial phyla and Euryarchaeota (over 99.9%) was the most predominant archaeal phyla in the caecum of all rabbits. At genus level, as the particle size of alfalfa decreased from 2,500 to 10 µm, the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 (P < 0.001) and Lactobacillus (P = 0.043) were increased and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 (P = 0.012) was increased first and then decreased when the alfalfa particle size decreased, while Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group (P = 0.016), Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 (P = 0.044), Christensenellaceae R-7 group (P = 0.019), Lachnospiraceae other (Family) (P = 0.011) and Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 (P = 0.021) were decreased. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter was increased from 62.48% to 90.40% (P < 0.001), whereas the relative abundance of Methanosphaera was reduced from 35.47% to 8.62% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, as the particle size of alfalfa meal decreased, both the bacterial and archaeal population in the caecum of rabbit experienced alterations, however archaea response earlier than bacteria to the decrease of alfalfa meal particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yuan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqiang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R, Fedeli D, Fiorini D, Bergheim I, Jin CJ, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Nasuti C. Positive effect of an electrolyzed reduced water on gut permeability, fecal microbiota and liver in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223238. [PMID: 31600256 PMCID: PMC6786615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing awareness within the scientific community of the strong connection between the inflammation in the intestine and the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In previous studies we developed a PD animal model exposing pup rats to permethrin (PERM) pesticide. Here, we intended to explore whether in our animal model there were changes in gut permeability, fecal microbiota and hepatic injury. Moreover, we tested if the co-treatment with an electrolyzed reduced (ERW) was effective to protect against alterations induced by PERM. Rats (from postnatal day 6 to 21) were gavaged daily with PERM, PERM+ERW or vehicle and gut, liver and feces were analyzed in 2-months-old rats. Increased gut permeability, measured by FITC-dextran assay, was detected in PERM group compared to control and PERM+ERW groups. In duodenum and ileum, concentration of occludin was higher in control group than those measured in PERM group, whereas only in duodenum ZO-1 was higher in control than those measured in PERM and PERM+ERW groups. Number of inflammatory focis and neutrophils as well as iNOS protein levels were higher in livers of PERM-treated rats than in those of PERM+ERW and control rats. Fecal microbiota analysis revealed that Lachnospira was less abundant and Defluviitaleaceae more abundant in the PERM group, whereas the co-treatment with ERW was protective against PERM treatment since the abundances in Lachnospira and Defluviitaleaceae were similar to those in the control group. Higher abundances of butyrate- producing bacteria such as Blautia, U.m. of Lachnospiraceae family, U.m. of Ruminococcaceae family, Papillibacter, Roseburia, Intestinimonas, Shuttleworthia together with higher butyric acid levels were detected in PERM+ERW group compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the PD animal model showed increased intestinal permeability together with hepatic inflammation correlated with altered gut microbiota. The positive effects of ERW co-treatment observed in gut, liver and brain of rats were linked to changes on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Donatella Fedeli
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, RF Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. D’Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Nasuti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Wu Z, Zhou H, Li F, Zhang N, Zhu Y. Effect of dietary fiber levels on bacterial composition with age in the cecum of meat rabbits. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00708. [PMID: 30085417 PMCID: PMC6528572 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of dietary fiber levels on the growth performance, digestion, metabolism, and cecal microbial community of rabbits with different diets at different age. The different levels of dietary natural detergent fiber (NDF) were formulated accordingly: 400(A), 350(B), 300(C), 250(D) g/kg original matter basis, respectively; the different ages were 52, 62, and 72 days. With NDF increasing, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were increased, whereas average daily gain (ADG) and mortality were decreased (p < 0.05). The stomach relative weight, stomach content relative weight, cecal relative weight, and cecal content weight increased with increasing NDF (p < 0.05). The NH3 -N concentration of cecum dropped when the dietary NDF increased (p < 0.05). The diversity of the total microbiota increased significantly in Diets B, C (p = 0.011), and reached the lowest in 52 days for all diet groups. The richness index was decreased significantly in Diet A, D (p < 0.05) and in 62 days (p < 0.001), respectively. The phylum Firmicutes was higher (p < 0.01) in rabbits fed Diets B, C than Diets A, D and Bacteroidetes was highest in Diets C, D, and Proteobacteria was the highest in Diet A (p < 0.001). Among the classified genera, there were 14 that had levels of abundance of more than 1% and were commonly shared by all samples. Ruminococcus spp. that produced volatile fatty acid (VFA) abundance was highest from Diets B, C at 52 and 62 days. It is interesting to note that Bifidobacterium from Diet C was the most abundant genus during the entire experimental period (p < 0.01). The data from Venn diagrams, principal component analysis (PCA), and heat map plots of the bacterial communities showed that there were more groups of shared microbiota with aging. The above results indicate the cecal microbiota controlled by the 350 g/kg NDF diet can prevent gastrointestinal distress and exhibit good production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Hailiang Zhou
- College of Information Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Fuchang Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and PreventionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Nanbin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Yanli Zhu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and PreventionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and PreventionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian CityShandong ProvinceChina
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Liu S, Yuan M, Jin D, Wang Z, Zou H, Wang L, Xue B, Wu D, Tian G, Cai J, Yan T, Peng Q. Effects of the particle of ground alfalfa hay on the growth performance, methane production and archaeal populations of rabbits. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203393. [PMID: 30222733 PMCID: PMC6141101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The world's annual output of rabbits is over 1.2 billion, therefore this sector is also one of the sources of greenhouse gases in livestock production. One hundred-twenty New Zealand rabbits were allocated into four treatments, five replicates in each treatment and six rabbits in each replicate to examine the effect of grinding alfalfa hay to different sizes on growth performance, methane production and cecal archaeal populations. The particle sizes of the alfalfa meal in the four treatment diets were 2500, 1000, 100 and 10 μm, while the other ingredients were ground through a 2.5 mm sieve. The average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased (P<0.001) as the particle size decreased, but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not affected (P = 0.305). The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P = 0.006) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P<0.006) increased while the greatest digestibility of crude protein (CP) was obtained in 1000 um group (P = 0.015). The rabbits produced more methane (CH4, L/kgBM0.75/d) with decreasing alfalfa particle size (P<0.001). The molar proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid decreased (P<0.001) at the cost of butyric acid (P<0.001). The greatest villus height:crypt depth ratio were obtained in 1000 μm group, and the decrease in the alfalfa hay particle size decreased the jejunum and ilem villus height:crypt depth ratio (P<0.05). The gastric muscular and mucosal thickness decreased with decreasing alfalfa particle size (P<0.05). Archaea diversity decreased with decreasing alfalfa particle size, and the relative abundance of genus Methanobrevibacter increased (P<0.001) while the genus Methanosphaera decreased (P<0.001). It is concluded that a finer particle size favors the growth of genus Methanobrevibacter, which produces more methane but promotes the growth performance of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dingxing Jin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Bai Xue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down, United Kingdom
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, PR China
- * E-mail:
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