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Li X, Yang L, Jiang S, Zhou F, Jiang S, Li Y, Chen X, Yang Q, Duan Y, Huang J. Effect of Fly Maggot Protein as Dietary on Growth and Intestinal Microbial Community of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1433. [PMID: 37998032 PMCID: PMC10669337 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
As the intensive development of aquaculture persists, the demand for fishmeal continues to grow; however, since fishery resources are limited, the price of fishmeal remains high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new sources of protein. They are rich in proteins, fatty acids, amino acids, chitin, vitamins, minerals, and antibacterial substances. Maggot meal-based diet is an ideal source of high-quality animal protein and a new type of protein-based immune enhancer with good application prospects in animal husbandry and aquaculture. In the present study, we investigated the effects of three different diets containing maggot protein on the growth and intestinal microflora of Litopenaeus vannamei. The shrimp were fed either a control feed (no fly maggot protein added), FM feed (compound feed with 30% fresh fly maggot protein added), FF feed (fermented fly maggot protein), or HT feed (high-temperature pelleted fly maggot protein) for eight weeks. The results showed that fresh fly maggot protein in the feed was detrimental to shrimp growth, whereas fermented and high-temperature-pelleted fly maggot protein improved shrimp growth and survival. The effects of different fly maggot protein treatments on the intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei also varied. Fermented fly maggot protein feed and high-temperature-pelleted fly maggot protein feed increased the relative abundance of Ruegeria and Pseudomonas, which increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and thus inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria. In contrast, fresh fly maggot proteins alter the intestinal microbiome, disrupting symbiotic relationships between bacteria, and causing invasion by Vibrio and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These results suggest that fresh fly maggot proteins affect the composition of intestinal microorganisms, which is detrimental to the intestinal tract of L. vannamei, whereas fermented fly maggot protein feed affected the growth of L. vannamei positively by improving the composition of intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lishi Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shigui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Falin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Song Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yundong Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China; (X.C.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Xu Chen
- Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China; (X.C.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qibin Yang
- Tropical Fishery Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China; (X.C.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (S.J.); (F.Z.); (S.J.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518108, China
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Major histocompatibility complex class II genetic diversity and the genetic influence on gut microbiota in Guizhou minipigs. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:997-1008. [PMID: 34309822 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an important complex that presents antigen to T cells. The second exon of swine MHC (SLA) class II genes has antigen binding sites that bind with extracellular antigen. Populations with high MHC gene diversity result in low gut microbiota, and individuals with MHC gene heterozygote have lower gut microbiota diversity than that of homozygote. The pig is an animal with organs physiologically and anatomically similar to humans than any other mammal, and the pig is also suitably developed as a laboratory animal to establish the animal models of human disease. However, the relationship between SLA genetic diversity and the gut microbes of the pig is ambiguous. We studied the characterization of SLA class II genes and calculated the genetic diversity, and then we selected experimental animal groups divided by different SLA genotypes to investigate the gut microbiota composition by sequencing V3 to V4 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16 s rRNA from fecal samples. Our results showed that Guizhou minipigs had a low SLA genetic diversity, which may be due to the small founder population. The Guizhou minipig population deviated from neutral selection and balancing selection, which shows that Guizhou minipigs experience a strong artificial selection in recent years. We observed that the sex differences influenced gut microbiota much more deeply than that of genetics. Our results also showed that the individual with heterozygote of genes at the SLA class II region had much higher abundant gut microbiota than that of the homozygote.
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