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Zhang Z, Shahzad K, Shen S, Dai R, Lu Y, Lu Z, Li C, Chen Y, Qi R, Gao P, Yang Q, Wang M. Altering Dietary Soluble Protein Levels With Decreasing Crude Protein May Be a Potential Strategy to Improve Nitrogen Efficiency in Hu Sheep Based on Rumen Microbiome and Metabolomics. Front Nutr 2022; 8:815358. [PMID: 35118112 PMCID: PMC8804502 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.815358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants account for a relatively large share of global nitrogen (N) emissions. It has been reported that nutrition control and precise feeding can improve the N efficiency of ruminants. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of soluble protein (SP) levels in low-protein diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen microbiota, and metabolites, as well as their associations of N metabolism in fattening Hu sheep. Approximately 6-month-old, 32 healthy fattening male Hu sheep with similar genetic merit and an initial body weight of 40.37 ± 1.18 kg were selected, and divided into four groups (n = 8) using the following completely randomized design: the control diet (CON) with a 16.7% crude protein (CP) content was prepared to meet the nutritional requirements of fattening sheep [body weight (BW): 40 kg, average daily gain (ADG): 200–250 g/d] according to the NRC recommendations; other three include low protein diets (LPA, LPB, and LPC) of CP decreased by ~10%, with SP proportion (%CP) of 21.2, 25.9, and 29.4 respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 5 weeks including the first week of adaptation. The results showed no difference in the growth performance (P > 0.05); DM and CP digestibility were higher in LPB and LPC, with maximum organic matter digestibility in LPB (P < 0.05). Low-protein diets decreased serum urea-N whereas urinary urea-N was lower in LPB and LPC (P < 0.05), while N retention and the biological value of N were higher in LPB and LPC (P < 0.05). Ruminal NH3-N concentration in LPA and LPB was low than CON (P < 0.05), while total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), acetate, propionate, and butanoate were all lowest in LPA (P < 0.05). In the rumen microbiome, LPB increased the community richness in Prevotellaceae and Prevotella_1 (P < 0.05); Metabolomics analysis revealed low-protein diets downregulated the amino acid metabolism pathways, while the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids along with vitamin B6 metabolism were upregulated with increased SP. These findings could help us understand the role of different SP levels in the regulation of rumen microbial metabolism and N efficiency. Overall, low-protein diets (CP decreased by ~10%) can reduce serum urea-N and ruminal NH3-N without affecting the growth performance of fattening Hu sheep. Additionally higher N efficiency was obtained with an SP proportion of ~25–30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Rong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruxin Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Mengzhi Wang
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Pan Y, Wang Y, Lou S, Wanapat M, Wang Z, Zhu W, Hou F. Selenium supplementation improves nutrient intake and digestibility, and mitigates CH 4 emissions from sheep grazed on the mixed pasture of alfalfa and tall fescue. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:611-620. [PMID: 33452731 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low selenium (Se) in soil and forage can adversely affect on the quality of animal-derived foods, and hence on human health. Lambs grazed on mixed pastures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were supplemented with five levels of Se [0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 µg/kg body weight (BW)]. The intake of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) varied with the level of Se supplementation, with a peak at 6 µg Se per kg BW (p ≤ 0.05). Gross energy (GE) intake, digestive energy (DE) intake and metabolic energy (ME) intake were higher at 6 µg Se per kg BW than at other Se levels (p < 0.01); in addition, methane energy (CH4 -E) output was lower at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Supplementation with Se significantly increased nitrogen (N) intake, faecal N and urine N, for which the peak values were 20.2 g N/, 5.62 g N/day and 7.92 g N/day, respectively, at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Se intake, blood Se, faecal Se, urine Se and retained Se were negatively correlated with forage crude protein (CP) content (p < 0.001) but were positively correlated with the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (p < 0.001). Thus, we recommend the addition of 6 µg Se per kg BW to sheep grazed on pastures in regions with low soil Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shanning Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Du W, Hou F, Tsunekawa A, Kobayashi N, Peng F, Ichinohe T. Effects of oat hay and leguminous forage mixture feeding on enteric methane emission, energy utilization, and feed conversion efficiency in male crossbred Simmental beef cattle. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13472. [PMID: 33078546 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary manipulation has the potential to mitigate methane (CH4 ) emission and to maintain or enhance livestock productivity. We conducted two experiments to investigate the effects of replacing oat hay by leguminous forages (alfalfa hay [AH], 0, 8, 16, and 24%, experiment 1; common vetch hay [CVH], 0, 10, 20, and 30%, experiment 2) on energy metabolism of crossbred Simmental cattle. In experiment 1, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased quadratically with increasing AH proportions (p = .006) with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of approximately 50:50, whereas the CH4 energy to gross energy intake ratio (CH4 -E:GEI) was significantly lower with 16% AH compared with 24% AH diet (p < .05). In experiment 2, there were no differences in the total VFA concentrations among the four diet groups with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of around 60:40 (p > .05); however, CH4 -E:GEI was significantly lower in the 30% CVH diet compared with the 10% CVH diet (p < .05). There was no significant difference in feed conversion efficiency among the four diet groups in each experiment. The results suggest that substituting 16 and 30% oat hay by AH and CVH provide optimal diets with forage-to-concentrate ratios of 50:50 and 60:40, respectively, which may reduce CH4 emission without compromising the feed conversion efficiency of crossbred Simmental cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Du
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | | | - Fei Peng
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Ichinohe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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Dai Y, Li X, Wang Y, Li C, He Y, Lin H, Wang T, Ma X. The differences and overlaps in the seed-resident microbiome of four Leguminous and three Gramineous forages. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1461-1476. [PMID: 32643276 PMCID: PMC7415374 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the important roles that seed-borne endophytes can play on their plant hosts, comprehensive studies of the bacterial and fungal communities of seeds are of great importance. In this study, we assessed the seed endophytes of three gramineous (Avena sativa, Elymus sibiricus and Elymus dahuricus) and four leguminous (Vicia villosa, Trifolium repens, Trifolium pretense and Medicago sativa) forages using high-throughput sequencing. In total, 1013 distinct bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 922 fungal OTUs were detected, with bacteria and fungi per sample ranging from 240 to 425 and 261 to 463 respectively. These seven forages shared a high number of potentially beneficial taxa, including Bacillus, Pantoea, Candida and Helotiales, but the relative proportion of these taxa was different in each seed. Fungal communities were clustered more distinctively by host genotypes than bacterial. Some bacterial taxa may be involved in the recruitment of genera from the same phylum. Three Pantoea sp. and five Bacillus sp. were isolated from seeds, and all showed positive effects on Medicago sativa germination rate under salt stress, and of these, Bacillus subtilis Es-1 and Pantoea agglomerans Ed-3 performed best, but their influence was affected by the seed's microbiome. Rather than simply promoting host plant growth directly, some taxa may also participate in organizing the assembly of plant microbiomes which will influence seed response to biological factors. This study uses a new, high-throughput sequencing based strategy to identify beneficial strains and analyse the interactions between microorganisms and plants to maximize microbial functions in long-term agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Dai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xin‐Yu Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Cai‐Xia Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yuan He
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Hong‐Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xin‐Rong Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
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