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Li Z, Xu J, Zhang F, Wang L, Yue Y, Wang L, Chen J, Ma H, Feng J, Min Y. Dietary starch structure modulates nitrogen metabolism in laying hens via modifying glucose release rate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135554. [PMID: 39270891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of starch structure (Amylopectin/Amylose, AP/AM) in a low-protein diet on production performance, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and cecal flora in laying hens. Four hundred eighty 45-wk-age Hy-Line Gray laying hens were randomly allocated to five dietary groups and subjected to a 12-wk feeding trial. The AP/AM ratios of the five experiment diets were 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0. The results indicated that compared to other groups, laying hens fed with AP/AM 4.0 diets showed significantly improved average egg weight and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Furthermore, as the AP/AM ratio increased, there was a significant linear enhancement in intestinal amino acids apparent digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy, and villus area (P < 0.05). Compared to the high AP groups, high-AM diets significantly increased eggshell thickness, crude protein digestibility, and reduced energy supply from amino acid oxidation in ileum (P < 0.05). Additionally, moderate-AM diets enriched with short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in the cecum, such as Lactobacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, which are associated with the promoting nitrogen utilization. These findings may offer useful information on optimizing starch structure for the design of food products and relevant therapies due to the potential effects on nutrient metabolism and gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuorui Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengdong Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leiqing Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanrui Yue
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Feng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Li Z, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang G, Liu R, Li Y, Aftab Q, Sun Z, Zhong Q. Effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization, the portal amino acid profile, and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:49. [PMID: 38500230 PMCID: PMC10946174 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting the synchronization of glucose and amino acid release in the digestive tract of pigs could effectively improve dietary nitrogen utilization. The rational allocation of dietary starch sources and the exploration of appropriate dietary glucose release kinetics may promote the dynamic balance of dietary glucose and amino acid supplies. However, research on the effects of diets with different glucose release kinetic profiles on amino acid absorption and portal amino acid appearance in piglets is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization, the portal amino acid profile, and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in piglets. METHODS Sixty-four barrows (15.00 ± 1.12 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 groups and fed diets formulated with starch from corn, corn/barley, corn/sorghum, or corn/cassava combinations (diets were coded A, B, C, or D respectively). Protein retention, the concentrations of portal amino acid and glucose, and the relative expression of amino acid and glucose transporter mRNAs were investigated. In vitro digestion was used to compare the dietary glucose release profiles. RESULTS Four piglet diets with different glucose release kinetics were constructed by adjusting starch sources. The in vivo appearance dynamics of portal glucose were consistent with those of in vitro dietary glucose release kinetics. Total nitrogen excretion was reduced in the piglets in group B, while apparent nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen retention increased (P < 0.05). Regardless of the time (2 h or 4 h after morning feeding), the portal total free amino acids content and contents of some individual amino acids (Thr, Glu, Gly, Ala, and Ile) of the piglets in group B were significantly higher than those in groups A, C, and D (P < 0.05). Cluster analysis showed that different glucose release kinetic patterns resulted in different portal amino acid patterns in piglets, which decreased gradually with the extension of feeding time. The portal His/Phe, Pro/Glu, Leu/Val, Lys/Met, Tyr/Ile and Ala/Gly appeared higher similarity among the diet treatments. In the anterior jejunum, the glucose transporter SGLT1 was significantly positively correlated with the amino acid transporters B0AT1, EAAC1, and CAT1. CONCLUSIONS Rational allocation of starch resources could regulate dietary glucose release kinetics. In the present study, group B (corn/barley) diet exhibited a better glucose release kinetic pattern than the other groups, which could affect the portal amino acid contents and patterns by regulating the expression of amino acid transporters in the small intestine, thereby promoting nitrogen deposition in the body, and improving the utilization efficiency of dietary nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifu Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rujie Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Dongfeng County Sika Deer Industry Development Service Center, Dongfeng County, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qamar Aftab
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Sun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingzhen Zhong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou H, Mahmood T, Wu W, Chen Y, Yu Y, Yuan J. High amylose to amylopectin ratios in nitrogen-free diets decrease the ileal endogenous amino acid losses of broiler chickens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:111-120. [PMID: 37388164 PMCID: PMC10300069 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased (P < 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth (P < 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness (P < 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped (P < 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Adisseo Animal Nutrition, DMCC, Dubai 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zurak D, Vlajsović D, Duvnjak M, Salajpal K, Kljak K. Factors affecting starch digestibility rate of maize grain in poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2163043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Zurak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D. Vlajsović
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M. Duvnjak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K. Salajpal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K. Kljak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
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Tian S, Wei Y, Chen Z. Effect of mixture design approach on nutritional characteristics and sensory evaluation of steamed bread added rice flour. Front Nutr 2022; 9:989090. [PMID: 36438756 PMCID: PMC9691985 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.989090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different rice nutrient compounds on steamed bread's nutritional characteristics and sensory evaluation. The mixture design approach was used to research the interactions between different rice flours and wheat flours on the sensory evaluation of steamed bread. The arginine content of different rice flour (long-grained rice, polished round-grained rice, and black rice) was higher at 44.19, 21.74, and 34.78% than that of the common wheat, respectively. When the added amount of mixed rice flours exceeds 15%, the steamed bread gradually reduces its elasticity, and sensory score, and has a smaller specific volume. Rice is a widely consumed grain product, which provides energy and nutrients for more than half of humanity, especially in Asia. Different rice varieties have received increased attention from researchers for their high bioactive substances and other health benefits. The results of the current study provide a theoretical basis for the nutritional steamed bread and noodle industries to use different rice flour as an ingredient for enhancing or to improving the nutritional value of flour products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqi Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Fu Y, Luo T, Hua Y, Yan X, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang B, Liu R, Zhu Z, Zhu J. Assessment of the Characteristics of Waxy Rice Mutants Generated by CRISPR/Cas9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881964. [PMID: 35755680 PMCID: PMC9226628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cooking and eating quality of rice grains is a major focus from a consumer's perspective and is mainly determined by the apparent amylose content (AAC) of the starch. Waxy rice, a type of rice with an AAC of less than 2%, is an important goal for the breeding of high-quality rice. In recent years, the cloning of the Waxy (Wx) gene has revealed the molecular mechanism of the formation of waxy traits in rice. However, there have been limited studies on the physicochemical properties, such as gelatinization temperature, rapid viscosity analyzer profile, and amylopectin fine structure of wx mutants. In the current study, a rapid and highly efficient strategy was developed through the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system for generating wx mutants in the background of five different rice varieties. The wx mutation significantly reduced the AAC and starch viscosity but did not affect the major agronomic traits (such as plant height, panicle number per plant, grain number per panicle, and seed-setting frequency). Incorporation of the wx mutation into varieties with low initial AAC levels resulted in further reduction in AAC, but without significantly affecting the original, desirable gelatinization traits and amylopectin structure types, suggesting that parents with low initial AAC should be preferred in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Fu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghuan Hua
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- Leshan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Leshan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoli Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zizhong Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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