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Hassan MAE, Ragab MA, Shazly SA, Ahmed ME, El-Kholany ME, El-Raghi AA. Feasible feeding strategies for sustainable management of serve heat stress conditions: Effect of Milk Thistle extract on growth performance and health status of newly weaned rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:778-791. [PMID: 38311824 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The trail aimed to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of Milk Thistle (MT) extract on growth performance and health status of growing rabbits exposed to serve heat stress condition, considering the economic efficiency of supplementation. A total of 96 weaned male rabbits were divided into 4 groups (24 rabbits/group). The first group received the basal diet without any supplementation and served as a control (MT0), while 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups supplemented with MT at levels of 5 (MT5), 10 (MT10) and 15 (MT15) g/kg diet, respectively, for 10 consecutive weeks. Both of growth performance and feed utilisation were significantly enhanced by the dietary treatment, the optimum dose of MT was 12 g/kg diet for average daily gain, specific growth rate and performance index. However, it was 13 g/kg diet for feed conversation ratio. The polynomial regression analysis showed that the lowest values of rectal temperature and respiration rate were observed at doses of 11 and 13 g/kg diet respectively. The dressing percentage and the relative weights of liver and total edible giblets were significantly improved by the treatment (p = 0.0416, 0.0112 and 0.0032, respectively), maximising in the MT10 group. The MT10 and MT15 groups showed higher erythrocytes and leucocytes counts and lower levels of urea, creatinine and total cholesterol compared to the control (p < 0.05). Liver functions significantly enhanced in aforementioned two treated groups, the liver ultrastructure represented normal cytoplasmic organelles, and nucleus and mitochondria in MT10 group, while the MT15 group showed hepatocytes with dilated nucleus with most cytoplasmic organelles appeared well organised and normal except few small cytoplasms vacuolated. The levels glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity as well as immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin G significant improved in the MT-Treated groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). Economically, MT supplemented diets improved the net revenue of fattened rabbits during the summer season. In conclusion, the supplementation of MT extract at levels of 10 or 15 g/kg diet enhanced growth performance, feed utilisation, dressing percentage, hemato-biochemical attributes, immunity and redox balance of heat stressed growing rabbits during the hot season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A E Hassan
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Ragab
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Soheir A Shazly
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Ahmed
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El-Kholany
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal, Poultry, and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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Adli DN, Sugiharto S, Irawan A, Tribudi YA, Wibowo S, Azmi AFM, Sjofjan O, Jayanegara A, Tistiana H, Wahyono T, Aditya S, Sholikin MM, Sadarman S. The effects of herbal plant extract on the growth performance, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility and carcase quality of rabbits: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25724. [PMID: 38380018 PMCID: PMC10877253 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of herbal plant extracts on the growth performance, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility and carcase quality of farmed rabbits. A dataset was created from 33 in vivo studies comprising 121 experimental units. Statistical meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model and linear-mixed model meta-regression using R software (v. 4.3.0). Our results showed that although supplemental herbs did not affect average daily gain (ADG) and final body weight (BW), they reduced (P < 0.01) feed conversion ratio and mortality and increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM) (P = 0.014) and crude protein (CP) (P = 0.018). The herbal extracts also increased (P = 0.037) blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreased (P = 0.004) low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was elevated (P = 0.009) by herbal plant extract supplementation, although most blood components were unaffected. The inclusion of herbal plant extract up to 300 g/kg increased (P = 0.011) carcase percentage while the weight and percentage of other organs were unaffected. Subgroup meta-analysis further explained the different effect of the type of herbal plant extract. Moringa, olive oil, and pepper were more favourable to increase final BW compared to the other herbs. Interestingly, the majority of herbs showed efficacy in reducing mortality. A majority of the response variables in our meta-analysis showed no dose-response effect except for ADG, mortality, HDL, and LDL which were improved by herbs supplementation. The evidence from the perspective of both meta-analysis and meta-regression shows that the addition of herbs tends to positively affect the parameters for production performance and blood metabolites in farmed rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danung Nur Adli
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sugiharto Sugiharto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Agung Irawan
- Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Yuli Arif Tribudi
- Department of Animal Science, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia
| | - Syahputra Wibowo
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Unviersiti Malaysia Kelantan, 16100, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Osfar Sjofjan
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Heli Tistiana
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Wahyono
- The National Agency for Research and Innovation of the Republic of Indonesia, B.J. Habibie Building, M.H. Thamrin Street No. 8, Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Siska Aditya
- The National Agency for Research and Innovation of the Republic of Indonesia, B.J. Habibie Building, M.H. Thamrin Street No. 8, Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Puncak Dieng Eksklusif, Kalisongo, Dau, Malang, East Java, 6514, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
- The National Agency for Research and Innovation of the Republic of Indonesia, B.J. Habibie Building, M.H. Thamrin Street No. 8, Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Puncak Dieng Eksklusif, Kalisongo, Dau, Malang, East Java, 6514, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sadarman Sadarman
- Department of Animal Science, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
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Ulloa del Carpio N, Alvarado-Corella D, Quiñones-Laveriano DM, Araya-Sibaja A, Vega-Baudrit J, Monagas-Juan M, Navarro-Hoyos M, Villar-López M. Exploring the chemical and pharmacological variability of Lepidium meyenii: a comprehensive review of the effects of maca. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360422. [PMID: 38440178 PMCID: PMC10910417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii), a biennial herbaceous plant indigenous to the Andes Mountains, has a rich history of traditional use for its purported health benefits. Maca's chemical composition varies due to ecotypes, growth conditions, and post-harvest processing, contributing to its intricate phytochemical profile, including, macamides, macaenes, and glucosinolates, among other components. This review provides an in-depth revision and analysis of Maca's diverse bioactive metabolites, focusing on the pharmacological properties registered in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Maca is generally safe, with rare adverse effects, supported by preclinical studies revealing low toxicity and good human tolerance. Preclinical investigations highlight the benefits attributed to Maca compounds, including neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory properties, immunoregulation, and antioxidant effects. Maca has also shown potential for enhancing fertility, combating fatigue, and exhibiting potential antitumor properties. Maca's versatility extends to metabolic regulation, gastrointestinal health, cardio protection, antihypertensive activity, photoprotection, muscle growth, hepatoprotection, proangiogenic effects, antithrombotic properties, and antiallergic activity. Clinical studies, primarily focused on sexual health, indicate improved sexual desire, erectile function, and subjective wellbeing in men. Maca also shows promise in alleviating menopausal symptoms in women and enhancing physical performance. Further research is essential to uncover the mechanisms and clinical applications of Maca's unique bioactive metabolites, solidifying its place as a subject of growing scientific interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norka Ulloa del Carpio
- Centro de Investigación Clínica de Medicina Complementaria—CICMEC, Gerencia de Medicina Complementaria, Seguro Social de Salud-EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Alvarado-Corella
- Bioactivity and Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - Andrea Araya-Sibaja
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José Vega-Baudrit
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Maria Monagas-Juan
- United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos
- Bioactivity and Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Martha Villar-López
- Centro de Investigación Clínica de Medicina Complementaria—CICMEC, Gerencia de Medicina Complementaria, Seguro Social de Salud-EsSalud, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Ismail RFSA, Hassan MAE, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Alazragi RS, Khojah H, El-Raghi AA, Abdelnour SA, Gad AMA. The Influence of a Nanoemulsion of Cardamom Essential Oil on the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Carcass Characteristics, and Health Status of Growing Rabbits under a High Ambient Temperature. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2990. [PMID: 37760390 PMCID: PMC10525301 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology approaches have been employed to enhance the solubility, availability, and efficacy of phytochemicals, overcoming some industrial obstacles and natural biological barriers. In this regard, 120 clinically healthy growing V-line rabbits (5 weeks old) reared during the summer season were divided randomly into four equal experimental groups (30 rabbits each). The first group received a basal diet without the supplementation of the nanoemulsion of cardamom essential oil (NCEO) (0 g/kg diet) and served as a control (NCEO 0). The other groups were given diets containing NCEO at levels of 150 (NCEO 150), 300 (NCEO 300), and 600 (NCEO 600) mg/kg diet, respectively. The growth performance (higher LBW and ADG), feed utilization (lower FCR), dressing percentage, and relative weight of the liver were improved significantly in the NCEO-treated groups compared to the control group. Moreover, the dietary treatment significantly decreased the rectum temperature and respiration rate, minimizing the 350 and 325 mg NECO/kg diets. The erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while white blood cells were significantly diminished (p = 0.0200) in the NCEO300 and NCEO600 groups compared to the control group. Treatment with 300 or 600 mg NCEO/kg significantly increased the blood serum total protein and albumin compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the liver enzymes (AST and ALT), uric acid, and creatinine concentrations decreased significantly in the NCEO300 group compared to the control group. The concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were reduced significantly by the dietary treatment. The total antioxidant capacity, dismutase activity, and glutathione concentration were significantly higher, while the malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were significantly lower in the NCEO300 group than in the control. The inflammatory responses and immunity statuses were improved in the blood serum of the NCEO-treated rabbits compared to the control. Heat-stress-induced pathological perturbations in renal/hepatic tissues and NCEO co-treatment successfully re-established and recovered near-control renal-hepatic morphology. In conclusion, a dietary supplementation of NCEO (300 mg/kg) could effectively enhance growing rabbits' growth indices, feed efficiency, redox balance, immunity, and inflammatory responses during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab F. S. A. Ismail
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. E. Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S. Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanan Khojah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. A. Gad
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Ebeid TA, Aljabeili HS, Al-Homidan IH, Volek Z, Barakat H. Ramifications of Heat Stress on Rabbit Production and Role of Nutraceuticals in Alleviating Its Negative Impacts: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1407. [PMID: 37507946 PMCID: PMC10376432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress has become a widespread concern worldwide, which is a major environmental stress that causes substantial economic loss in the rabbit industry. Compared to other agricultural animals, rabbits are more sensitive to heat stress as they have fewer sweat glands and a thicker coat of fur, increasing the heat dissipation complexity. Thus, heat stress hurts rabbits' productivity, meat quality, reproductive performance, antioxidative properties, immune responsiveness, intestinal histomorphology, and microbiome. Nutraceuticals include vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, organic acids, fatty acids, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, enzymes, and medicinal plants due to the possible impacts on maintaining common biological situations, strengthening immune response, and preventing illness, which ultimately led to an increase in productivity. Nutraceuticals have recently attracted a lot of attention to alleviate the adverse impacts of heat stress in rabbit farms. The objective of the current review is to provide acquaintance with the recent findings about the impact of heat stress on rabbit productivity and the advantages of dietary supplementation of nutraceuticals in mitigating it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hamad S Aljabeili
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H Al-Homidan
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zdeněk Volek
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 10400 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
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El-Raghi AA, Hassan MAE, Hashem NM, Abdelnour SA. Struggling Thermal Stress Impacts on Growth Performance and Health Status of Newly Weaned Rabbits Using Nanoemulsion of Origanum majorana Considering the Economic Efficiency of Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1772. [PMID: 37889670 PMCID: PMC10252083 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the recent trend of global warming, HS-instigated diminishing could extremely jeopardize animal health, productivity, and farm profit. Marjoram essential oil (MEOE) is a worthy source of wide range phytogenic compounds that may improve heat tolerance, redox and inflammatory homeostasis, and immunity of newly weaned rabbits, specifically if included in the diets in a nano form. One hundred newly weaned rabbits were randomly distributed into four homogeneous groups. The first group (control group) included rabbits that received basal diet without supplementation. In contrast, the other three groups included rabbits that received basal diets supplemented with 200 (MEONE200), 400 (MEONE400), and 800 (MEONE800) mg MEONE/kg diet, respectively. Among MEONE-treated groups and control groups, MEONE400 group showed the highest (p < 0.001) growth performance traits, including final body weight, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and the performance index. Compared to the control, all MEONE-supplemented groups possessed lower rectal temperatures and respiration rates, recording the lowest values in the MEONE400 group. The oxidative stress biomarkers and immunoglobulins G and M were significantly improved in the MEONE400 and MEONE800 compared with the control and MEONE200 groups. The addition of MEONE (400 or 800 mg/kg) decreased the concentrations of serum interleukin-4 (p = 0.0003), interferon gamma (p = 0.0004), and tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.0001) but significantly elevated (p < 0.001) the activity of nitric oxide, amyloid A and lysozyme. Liver functions (lower concentrations of liver enzymes) were significantly improved in all MEONE-treated groups compared to the control group. There was a considerable significant effect of dietary supplementation of MEONE400 on economic efficiency. In conclusion, the addition of 400 mg/kg to the diets of newly weaned rabbits can be recommended as an affective intervention to mitigate the negative impacts of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal, Poultry, and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. E. Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Nesrein M. Hashem
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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