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Huang T, Pan Y, Maréchal E, Hu H. Proteomes reveal the lipid metabolic network in the complex plastid of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:385-403. [PMID: 37733835 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum plastid is surrounded by four membranes, and its protein composition and function remain mysterious. In this study, the P. tricornutum plastid-enriched fraction was obtained and 2850 proteins were identified, including 92 plastid-encoded proteins, through label-free quantitative proteomic technology. Among them, 839 nuclear-encoded proteins were further determined to be plastidial proteins based on the BLAST alignments within Plant Proteome DataBase and subcellular localization prediction, in spite of the strong contamination by mitochondria-encoded proteins and putative plasma membrane proteins. According to our proteomic data, we reconstructed the metabolic pathways and highlighted the hybrid nature of this diatom plastid. Triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis and glycolysis, as well as photosynthesis, glycan metabolism, and tocopherol and triterpene biosynthesis, occur in the plastid. In addition, the synthesis of long-chain acyl-CoAs, elongation, and desaturation of fatty acids (FAs), and synthesis of lipids including TAG are confined in the four-layered-membrane plastid based on the proteomic and GFP-fusion localization data. The whole process of generation of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) from palmitic acid (16:0), via elongation and desaturation of FAs, occurs in the chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the outermost membrane of the plastid. Desaturation that generates 16:4 from 16:0 occurs in the plastid stroma and outer envelope membrane. Quantitative analysis of glycerolipids between whole cells and isolated plastids shows similar composition, and the FA profile of TAG was not different. This study shows that the diatom plastid combines functions usually separated in photosynthetic eukaryotes, and differs from green alga and plant chloroplasts by undertaking the whole process of lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, IRIG-LPCV, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Di Costanzo F, Di Dato V, Romano G. Diatom-Bacteria Interactions in the Marine Environment: Complexity, Heterogeneity, and Potential for Biotechnological Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2967. [PMID: 38138111 PMCID: PMC10745847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatom-bacteria interactions evolved during more than 200 million years of coexistence in the same environment. In this time frame, they established complex and heterogeneous cohorts and consortia, creating networks of multiple cell-to-cell mutualistic or antagonistic interactions for nutrient exchanges, communication, and defence. The most diffused type of interaction between diatoms and bacteria is based on a win-win relationship in which bacteria benefit from the organic matter and nutrients released by diatoms, while these last rely on bacteria for the supply of nutrients they are not able to produce, such as vitamins and nitrogen. Despite the importance of diatom-bacteria interactions in the evolutionary history of diatoms, especially in structuring the marine food web and controlling algal blooms, the molecular mechanisms underlying them remain poorly studied. This review aims to present a comprehensive report on diatom-bacteria interactions, illustrating the different interplays described until now and the chemical cues involved in the communication and exchange between the two groups of organisms. We also discuss the potential biotechnological applications of molecules and processes involved in those fascinating marine microbial networks and provide information on novel approaches to unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying diatom-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Di Dato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (F.D.C.); (G.R.)
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3
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Poulsen N, Hennig H, Geyer VF, Diez S, Wetherbee R, Fitz-Gibbon S, Pellegrini M, Kröger N. On the role of cell surface associated, mucin-like glycoproteins in the pennate diatom Craspedostauros australis (Bacillariophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:54-69. [PMID: 36199194 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are single-celled microalgae with silica-based cell walls (frustules) that are abundantly present in aquatic habitats, and form the basis of the food chain in many ecosystems. Many benthic diatoms have the remarkable ability to glide on all natural or man-made underwater surfaces using a carbohydrate- and protein-based adhesive to generate traction. Previously, three glycoproteins, termed FACs (Frustule Associated Components), have been identified from the common fouling diatom Craspedostauros australis and were implicated in surface adhesion through inhibition studies with a glycan-specific antibody. The polypeptide sequences of FACs remained unknown, and it was unresolved whether the FAC glycoproteins are indeed involved in adhesion, or whether this is achieved by different components sharing the same glycan epitope with FACs. Here we have determined the polypeptide sequences of FACs using peptide mapping by LC-MS/MS. Unexpectedly, FACs share the same polypeptide backbone (termed CaFAP1), which has a domain structure of alternating Cys-rich and Pro-Thr/Ser-rich regions reminiscent of the gel-forming mucins. By developing a genetic transformation system for C. australis, we were able to directly investigate the function of CaFAP1-based glycoproteins in vivo. GFP-tagging of CaFAP1 revealed that it constitutes a coat around all parts of the frustule and is not an integral component of the adhesive. CaFAP1-GFP producing transformants exhibited the same properties as wild type cells regarding surface adhesion and motility speed. Our results demonstrate that FAC glycoproteins are not involved in adhesion and motility, but might rather act as a lubricant to prevent fouling of the diatom surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Poulsen
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Helene Hennig
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Veikko F Geyer
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Stefan Diez
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Richard Wetherbee
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Sorel Fitz-Gibbon
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Nils Kröger
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, Dresden, 01069, Germany
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Kwok ACM, Chan WS, Wong JTY. Dinoflagellate Amphiesmal Dynamics: Cell Wall Deposition with Ecdysis and Cellular Growth. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020070. [PMID: 36827111 PMCID: PMC9959387 DOI: 10.3390/md21020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are a major aquatic protist group with amphiesma, multiple cortical membranous "cell wall" layers that contain large circum-cortical alveolar sacs (AVs). AVs undergo extensive remodeling during cell- and life-cycle transitions, including ecdysal cysts (ECs) and resting cysts that are important in some harmful algal bloom initiation-termination. AVs are large cortical vesicular compartments, within which are elaborate cellulosic thecal plates (CTPs), in thecate species, and the pellicular layer (PL). AV-CTPs provide cellular mechanical protection and are targets of vesicular transport that are replaced during EC-swarmer cell transition, or with increased deposition during the cellular growth cycle. AV-PL exhibits dynamical-replacement with vesicular trafficking that are orchestrated with amphiesmal chlortetracycline-labeled Ca2+ stores signaling, integrating cellular growth with different modes of cell division cycle/progression. We reviewed the dynamics of amphiesma during different cell division cycle modes and life cycle stages, and its multifaceted regulations, focusing on the regulatory and functional readouts, including the coral-zooxanthellae interactions.
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Bartolek Z, Creveld SGV, Coesel S, Cain KR, Schatz M, Morales R, Virginia Armbrust E. Flavobacterial exudates disrupt cell cycle progression and metabolism of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2741-2751. [PMID: 36104452 PMCID: PMC9666458 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and bacteria form the base of marine ecosystems and their interactions drive global biogeochemical cycles. The effects of bacteria and bacteria-produced compounds on diatoms range from synergistic to pathogenic and can affect the physiology and transcriptional patterns of the interacting diatom. Here, we investigate physiological and transcriptional changes in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana induced by extracellular metabolites of a known antagonistic bacterium Croceibacter atlanticus. Mono-cultures of C. atlanticus released compounds that inhibited diatom cell division and elicited a distinctive morphology of enlarged cells with increased chloroplast content and enlarged nuclei, similar to what was previously observed when the diatom was co-cultured with live bacteria. The extracellular C. atlanticus metabolites induced transcriptional changes in diatom pathways that include recognition and signaling pathways, cell cycle regulation, carbohydrate and amino acid production, as well as cell wall stability. Phenotypic analysis showed a disruption in the diatom cell cycle progression and an increase in both intra- and extracellular carbohydrates in diatom cultures after bacterial exudate treatment. The transcriptional changes and corresponding phenotypes suggest that extracellular bacterial metabolites, produced independently of direct bacterial-diatom interaction, may modulate diatom metabolism in ways that support bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinka Bartolek
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Shiri Graff van Creveld
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Sacha Coesel
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Kelsy R. Cain
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Megan Schatz
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Rhonda Morales
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - E. Virginia Armbrust
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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6
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Kamikawa R, Mochizuki T, Sakamoto M, Tanizawa Y, Nakayama T, Onuma R, Cenci U, Moog D, Speak S, Sarkozi K, Toseland A, van Oosterhout C, Oyama K, Kato M, Kume K, Kayama M, Azuma T, Ishii KI, Miyashita H, Henrissat B, Lombard V, Win J, Kamoun S, Kashiyama Y, Mayama S, Miyagishima SY, Tanifuji G, Mock T, Nakamura Y. Genome evolution of a nonparasitic secondary heterotroph, the diatom Nitzschia putrida. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabi5075. [PMID: 35486731 PMCID: PMC9054022 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary loss of photosynthesis is observed across almost all plastid-bearing branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genome-based insights into the transition from a phototroph into a secondary heterotroph have so far only been revealed for parasitic species. Free-living organisms can yield unique insights into the evolutionary consequence of the loss of photosynthesis, as the parasitic lifestyle requires specific adaptations to host environments. Here, we report on the diploid genome of the free-living diatom Nitzschia putrida (35 Mbp), a nonphotosynthetic osmotroph whose photosynthetic relatives contribute ca. 40% of net oceanic primary production. Comparative analyses with photosynthetic diatoms and heterotrophic algae with parasitic lifestyle revealed that a combination of gene loss, the accumulation of genes involved in organic carbon degradation, a unique secretome, and the rapid divergence of conserved gene families involved in cell wall and extracellular metabolism appear to have facilitated the lifestyle of a free-living secondary heterotroph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Kamikawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takako Mochizuki
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Mika Sakamoto
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanizawa
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakayama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryo Onuma
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ugo Cenci
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF – Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Daniel Moog
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8
- SYNMIKRO Research Center, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Speak
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Krisztina Sarkozi
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Toseland
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Kaori Oyama
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misako Kato
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kume
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Motoki Kayama
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonori Azuma
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Ishii
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Lombard
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Joe Win
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yuichiro Kashiyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mayama
- Advanced Support Center for Science Teachers, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Goro Tanifuji
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yasukazu Nakamura
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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Chuberre C, Chan P, Walet-Balieu ML, Thiébert F, Burel C, Hardouin J, Gügi B, Bardor M. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Reveals New Insights Into Intra- and Extra-Cellular Protein Contents of Its Oval, Fusiform, and Triradiate Morphotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:673113. [PMID: 35386671 PMCID: PMC8977783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.673113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an atypical diatom since it can display three main morphotypes: fusiform, triradiate, and oval. Such pleomorphism is possible thanks to an original metabolism, which is tightly regulated in order to acclimate to environmental conditions. Currently, studies dedicated to the comparison of each morphotype issued from one specific strain are scarce and little information is available regarding the physiological significance of this morphogenesis. In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the three morphotypes from P. tricornutum. Cultures highly enriched in one dominant morphotype (fusiform, triradiate, or oval) of P. tricornutum Pt3 strain were used. Pairwise comparisons highlighted biological processes, which are up- and down-regulated in the oval (e.g., purine and cellular amino acid metabolism) and triradiate morphotypes (e.g., oxido-reduction and glycolytic processes) compared to the fusiform one used as a reference. Intersection analysis allowed us to identify the specific features of the oval morphotype. Results from this study confirmed previous transcriptomic RNA sequencing observation showing that the oval cells present a distinct metabolism with specific protein enrichment compared to fusiform and triradiate cells. Finally, the analysis of the secretome of each morphotype was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Chuberre
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- UNIROUEN, PISSARO Proteomic Facility, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM US 51, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacLeS-PISSARO, Rouen, France
- UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | | | - François Thiébert
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Burel
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- UNIROUEN, PISSARO Proteomic Facility, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM US 51, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacLeS-PISSARO, Rouen, France
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Optimal Nitrate Supplementation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum Culture Medium Increases Biomass and Fucoxanthin Production. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040568. [PMID: 35206051 PMCID: PMC8871257 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom with numerous potential applications in the industry, including the production of high-value carotenoid pigments such as fucoxanthin. This compound is a potent antioxidant currently extracted mainly from brown macroalgae. Fucoxanthin exhibits several biological properties with well-known beneficial effects in the treatment and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. P. tricornutum offers a valuable alternative to macroalgae for fucoxanthin production as it has a specific productivity that is 10-fold higher as compared with macroalgae. However, production processes still need to be optimised to become a cost-effective alternative. In this work, we investigated the optimal supplementation of nitrate in a cultivation medium that is currently used for P. tricornutum and how this nitrate concentration affects cell growth and fucoxanthin production. It has previously been shown that the addition of sodium nitrate increases productivity, but optimal conditions were not accurately determined. In this report, we observed that the continuous increase in nitrate concentration did not lead to an increase in biomass and fucoxanthin content, but there was rather a window of optimal values of nitrate that led to maximum growth and pigment production. These results are discussed considering both the scale up for industrial production and the profitability of the process, as well as the implications in the cell’s metabolism and effects in fucoxanthin production.
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Butler TO, Padmaperuma G, Lizzul AM, McDonald J, Vaidyanathan S. Towards a Phaeodactylum tricornutum biorefinery in an outdoor UK environment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126320. [PMID: 34780906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of commercial powdered media (Cell-Hi F2P, JWP and WP) and a hydroponics medium (FloraMicroBloom) were investigated for the cultivation of P. tricornutum, and compared with f/2 (a commonly employed laboratory cultivation medium; costlier to scale). Cell-Hi JWP showed good performance characteristics including cost-effectiveness. Outdoor cultivation of P. tricornutum in an airlift photobioreactor, using Cell-Hi JWP in the United Kingdom (UK) during September and October (average daily temperature ranging between 8 and 18 °C and natural sunlight) was comparable to cultivation indoors under controlled temperature and lighting. A strong positive correlation between fucoxanthin and chlorophyll a content, and a weak inverse correlation between eicosapentaenoic (EPA) content and temperature were observed. Commensal bacterial counts revealed a sinusoidal growth profile with a change in community dominance from Halomonas sp. to Marinobacter sp. This investigation reveals for the first time that a multi-product approach can be adopted with P. tricornutum in a UK outdoor environment using commercially viable powdered media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Butler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Gloria Padmaperuma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Alessandro M Lizzul
- Varicon Aqua Solutions Ltd., Ball Mill Top Business Park, Unit 12, Hallow WR2 6PD, UK
| | - Joe McDonald
- Varicon Aqua Solutions Ltd., Ball Mill Top Business Park, Unit 12, Hallow WR2 6PD, UK
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Phytate as a phosphorus nutrient with impacts on iron stress-related gene expression for phytoplankton: insights from diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0209721. [PMID: 34757820 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02097-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton have evolved a capability to acquire phosphorus (P) from dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) since the preferred form, dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP, or Pi), is often limited in parts of the ocean. Phytic acid (PA) is abundantly synthesized in plants and rich in excreta of animals, potentially enriching the DOP pool in coastal oceans. However, whether and how PA may be used by phytoplankton are poorly understood. Here, we investigated PA utilization and underlying metabolic pathways in the diatom model Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The physiological results showed that P. tricornutum could utilize PA as a sole source of P nutrient to support growth. Meanwhile, the replacement of PA for DIP also caused changes in multiple cellular processes such as inositol phosphate metabolism, photosynthesis, and signal transduction. These results suggest that PA is bioavailable to P. tricornutum and can directly participate the metabolic pathways of PA-grown cells. However, our data showed that the utilization of PA was markedly less efficient than that of DIP, and PA-grown cells exhibited P and iron (Fe) nutrient stress signals. Implicated in these findings is the potential of complicated responses of phytoplankton to an ambient DOP species, which calls for more systematic investigation. IMPORTANCE PA is abundant in plants, and cannot be digested by non-ruminant animals. Hence, it is potentially a significant component of the DOP pool in the coastal waters. Despite the potential importance, there is little information about its bioavailability to phytoplankton as a source of P nutrient and if so what molecular mechanisms are involved. In this study, we found that part of PA could be utilized by the diatom P. tricornutum to support growth, and another portion of PA can act as a substrate directly participating in various metabolism pathways and cellular processes. However, our physiological and transcriptomic data show that PA-grown cells still exhibited signs of P stress and potential Fe stress. These results have significant implications in phytoplankton P nutrient ecology and provide a novel insight into multi-faceted impacts of DOP utilization on phytoplankton nutrition and metabolism.
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Galas L, Burel C, Schapman D, Ropitaux M, Bernard S, Bénard M, Bardor M. Comparative Structural and Functional Analyses of the Fusiform, Oval, and Triradiate Morphotypes of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Pt3 Strain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638181. [PMID: 33912207 PMCID: PMC8072121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine unicellular microalga that exists under three main morphotypes: oval, fusiform, and triradiate. Previous works have demonstrated that the oval morphotype of P. tricornutum Pt3 strain presents specific metabolic features. Here, we compared the cellular organization of the main morphotypes of the diatom P. tricornutum Pt3 strain through transmission electron and advanced light microscopies. The three morphotypes share similarities including spectral characteristics of the plastid, the location of the nucleus, the organization of mitochondria around the plastid as well as the existence of both a F-actin cortex, and an intracellular network of F-actin. In contrast, compared to fusiform and triradiate cells, oval cells spontaneously release proteins more rapidly. In addition, comparison of whole transcriptomes of oval versus fusiform or triradiate cells revealed numerous differential expression of positive and negative regulators belonging to the complex dynamic secretory machinery. This study highlights the specificities occurring within the oval morphotype underlying that the oval cells secrete proteins more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Galas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Burel
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Schapman
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Marc Ropitaux
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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12
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Dell'Aquila G, Maier UG. Specific acclimations to phosphorus limitation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1495-1501. [PMID: 32845857 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a crucial element and diatoms, unicellular phototrophic organisms, evolved efficient strategies to handle limiting phosphorus concentrations in the oceans. In the last decade, several groups investigated the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum concerning phosphate homeostasis mechanisms. Here, we summarize the actual status of knowledge by linking the available data sets, thereby indicating experimental limits but also future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Dell'Aquila
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, D-35043Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe G Maier
- SYNMIKRO Research Center, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, D-35032Marburg, Germany
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13
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Zecher K, Hayes KR, Philipp B. Evidence of Interdomain Ammonium Cross-Feeding From Methylamine- and Glycine Betaine-Degrading Rhodobacteraceae to Diatoms as a Widespread Interaction in the Marine Phycosphere. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:533894. [PMID: 33123096 PMCID: PMC7574528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.533894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) compounds such as methylamines (MAs) and glycine betaine (GBT) occur at detectable concentrations in marine habitats and are also produced and released by microalgae. For many marine bacteria, these DON compounds can serve as carbon, energy, and nitrogen sources, but microalgae usually cannot metabolize them. Interestingly though, it was previously shown that Donghicola sp. strain KarMa—a member of the marine Rhodobacteraceae—can cross-feed ammonium such that the ammonium it produces upon degrading monomethylamine (MMA) then serves as nitrogen source for the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum; thus, these organisms form a mutual metabolic interaction under photoautotrophic conditions. In the present study, we investigated whether this interaction plays a broader role in bacteria–diatom interactions in general. Results showed that cross-feeding between strain KarMa and P. tricornutum was also possible with di- and trimethylamine as well as with GBT. Further, cross-feeding of strain KarMa was also observed in cocultures with the diatoms Amphora coffeaeformis and Thalassiosira pseudonana with MMA as the sole nitrogen source. Regarding cross-feeding involving other Rhodobacteraceae strains, the in silico analysis of MA and GBT degradation pathways indicated that algae-associated Rhodobacteraceae-type strains likely interact with P. tricornutum in a similar manner as the strain KarMa does. For these types of strains (such as Celeribacter halophilus, Roseobacter denitrificans, Roseovarius indicus, Ruegeria pomeroyi, and Sulfitobacter noctilucicola), ammonium cross-feeding after methylamine degradation showed species-specific patterns, whereas bacterial GBT degradation always led to diatom growth. Overall, the degradation of DON compounds by the Rhodobacteraceae family and the subsequent cross-feeding of ammonium may represent a widespread, organism-specific, and regulated metabolic interaction for establishing and stabilizing associations with photoautotrophic diatoms in the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Zecher
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kristiane Rebecca Hayes
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bodo Philipp
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Dell’Aquila G, Zauner S, Heimerl T, Kahnt J, Samel-Gondesen V, Runge S, Hempel F, Maier UG. Mobilization and Cellular Distribution of Phosphate in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:579. [PMID: 32582227 PMCID: PMC7283521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unicellular organisms that live in marine environments must cope with considerable fluctuations in the availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Here, we investigated the extracellular Pi concentration-dependent expression, as well as the intracellular or extracellular localization, of phosphatases and phosphate transporters of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We identified Pi-regulated plasma membrane-localized, ER-localized, and secreted phosphatases, in addition to plasma membrane-localized, vacuolar membrane-localized, and plastid-surrounding membrane-localized phosphate transporters that were also regulated in a Pi concentration-dependent manner. These studies not only add further knowledge to already existing transcriptomic data, but also highlight the capacity of the diatom to distribute Pi intracellularly and to mobilize Pi from extracellular and intracellular resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Zauner
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Kahnt
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vera Samel-Gondesen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Runge
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Uwe G. Maier
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- SYNMIKRO Research Center, Marburg, Germany
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15
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Butler T, Kapoore RV, Vaidyanathan S. Phaeodactylum tricornutum: A Diatom Cell Factory. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:606-622. [PMID: 31980300 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A switch from a petroleum-based to a biobased economy requires the capacity to produce both high-value low-volume and low-value high-volume products. Recent evidence supports the development of microalgae-based microbial cell factories with the objective of establishing environmentally sustainable manufacturing solutions. Diatoms display rich diversity and potential in this regard. We focus on Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a pennate diatom that is commonly found in marine ecosystems, and discuss recent trends in developing the diatom chassis for the production of a suite of natural and genetically engineered products. Both upstream and downstream developments are reviewed for the commercial development of P. tricornutum as a cell factory for a spectrum of marketable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Butler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Rahul Vijay Kapoore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; Present address: Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Seetharaman Vaidyanathan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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16
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Lachnit M, Buhmann MT, Klemm J, Kröger N, Poulsen N. Identification of proteins in the adhesive trails of the diatom Amphora coffeaeformis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190196. [PMID: 31495312 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout all kingdoms of life, a large number of adhesive biomolecules have evolved to allow organisms to adhere to surfaces underwater. Proteins play an important role in the adhesion of numerous marine invertebrates (e.g. mussels, sea stars, sea urchins) whereas much less is known about the biological adhesives from marine plants, including the diatoms. Diatoms are unicellular microalgae that together with bacteria dominate marine biofilms in sunlit habitats. In this study we present the first proteomics analyses of the diatom adhesive material isolated from the tenacious fouling species Amphora coffeaeformis. We identified 21 proteins, of which 13 are diatom-specific. Ten of these proteins share a conserved C-terminal domain, termed GDPH domain, which is widespread yet not ubiquitously present in all diatom classes. Immunofluorescence localization of a GDPH domain bearing protein (Ac629) as well as two other proteins identified in this study (Ac1442, Ac9617) demonstrated that these are components of the adhesive trails that are secreted by cells that glide on surfaces. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lachnit
- B CUBE, Technical University of Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias T Buhmann
- B CUBE, Technical University of Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jennifer Klemm
- B CUBE, Technical University of Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Kröger
- B CUBE, Technical University of Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Poulsen
- B CUBE, Technical University of Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Stal LJ, Bolhuis H, Cretoiu MS. Phototrophic marine benthic microbiomes: the ecophysiology of these biological entities. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:1529-1551. [PMID: 30507057 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic biofilms are multispecies, self-sustaining and largely closed microbial ecosystems. They form macroscopic structures such as microbial mats and stromatolites. These sunlight-driven consortia consist of a number of functional groups of microorganisms that recycle the elements internally. Particularly, the sulfur cycle is discussed in more detail as this is fundamental to marine benthic microbial communities and because recently exciting new insights have been obtained. The cycling of elements demands a tight tuning of the various metabolic processes and require cooperation between the different groups of microorganisms. This is likely achieved through cell-to-cell communication and a biological clock. Biofilms may be considered as a macroscopic biological entity with its own physiology. We review the various components of some marine phototrophic biofilms and discuss their roles in the system. The importance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as the matrix for biofilm metabolism and as substrate for biofilm microorganisms is discussed. We particularly assess the importance of extracellular DNA, horizontal gene transfer and viruses for the generation of genetic diversity and innovation, and for rendering resilience to external forcing to these biological entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Stal
- IBED Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Bolhuis
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana S Cretoiu
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
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18
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Impact of Dinophysis acuminata Feeding Mesodinium rubrum on Nutrient Dynamics and Bacterial Composition in a Microcosm. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110443. [PMID: 30380714 PMCID: PMC6266072 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of Dinophysis populations, producers of diarrhetic shellfish toxins, has been attributed to both abiotic (e.g., water column stratification) and biotic (prey availability) factors. An important process to consider is mixotrophy of the Dinophysis species, which is an intensive feeding of the Mesodinium species for nutrients and a benefit from kleptochloroplasts. During the feeding process, the nutritional status in the environment changes due to the preference of Mesodinium and/or Dinophysis for different nutrients, prey cell debris generated by sloppy feeding, and their degradation by micro-organisms changes. However, there is little knowledge about the role of the bacterial community during the co-occurrence of Mesodinium and Dinophysis and how they directly or indirectly interact with the mixotrophs. In this study, laboratory experiments were performed to characterize the environmental changes including those of the prey present, the bacterial communities, and the ambient dissolved nutrients during the co-occurrence of Mesodinium rubrum and Dinophysis acuminata. The results showed that, during the incubation of the ciliate prey Mesodinium with its predator Dinophysis, available dissolved nitrogen significantly shifted from nitrate to ammonium especially when the population of M. rubrum decayed. Growth phases of Dinophysis and Mesodinium greatly affected the structure and composition of the bacterial community. These changes could be mainly explained by both the changes of the nutrient status and the activity of Dinophysis cells. Dinophysis feeding activity also accelerated the decline of M. rubrum and contamination of cultures with okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1, and pectenotoxin-2, but their influence on the prokaryotic communities was limited to the rare taxa (<0.1%) fraction. This suggests that the interaction between D. acuminata and bacteria is species-specific and takes place intracellularly or in the phycosphere. Moreover, a majority of the dominant bacterial taxa in our cultures may also exhibit a metabolic flexibility and, thus, be unaffected taxonomically by changes within the Mesodinium-Dinophysis culture system.
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19
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Kojadinovic-Sirinelli M, Villain A, Puppo C, Fon Sing S, Prioretti L, Hubert P, Grégori G, Zhang Y, Sassi JF, Claverie JM, Blanc G, Gontero B. Exploring the microbiome of the "star" freshwater diatom Asterionella formosa in a laboratory context. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3601-3615. [PMID: 30063098 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most of our knowledge on the mechanisms underlying diatom-bacterial interactions has been acquired through studies involving isolation of culturable partners. Here, we established a laboratory model of intermediate complexity between complex natural communities and laboratory pure culture models. We investigated the whole community formed by the freshwater diatom Asterionella formosa and its associated bacteria in a laboratory context, including both culturable and unculturable bacteria. Combining cellular and molecular approaches, we showed that in laboratory cultures, A. formosa microbiome was dynamic and comprised of numerous bacterial species (mainly Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes). Using metagenomics, we explored several metabolic potentials present within the bacterial community. Our analyses suggested that bacteria were heterotrophic although a third of them (Alpha- and Beta-proteobacteria) could also be phototrophic. About 60% of the bacteria, phylogenetically diverse, could metabolize glycolate. The capacity to synthesize molecules such as B vitamins appeared unevenly distributed among bacteria. Altogether, our results brought insights into the bacterial diversity found in diatom-bacterial communities and hinted at metabolic interdependencies within the community that could result in diatom-bacterial and bacterial-bacterial interactions. The present work allowed us to explore the functional architecture of the bacterial community associated with A. formosa in culture and is complementary to field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrien Villain
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IGS, UMR 7256, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Puppo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Fon Sing
- CEA Cadarache, Groupe Biomasse 3G, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | | | - Pierre Hubert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, UMR 7255, Marseille, France
| | - Gérald Grégori
- Aix Marseille Univ, University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Claverie
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IGS, UMR 7256, Marseille, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Blanc
- Aix Marseille Univ, University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Marseille, France
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20
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A multi-step approach for testing non-toxic amphiphilic antifouling coatings against marine microfouling at different levels of biological complexity. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 146:104-114. [PMID: 29438719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling on artificial surfaces such as ship hulls or fish farming nets causes enormous economic damage. The time for the developmental process of antifouling coatings can be shortened by reliable laboratory assays. For designing such test systems, it is important that toxic effects can be excluded, that multiple parameters can be addressed simultaneously and that mechanistic aspects can be included. In this study, a multi-step approach for testing antifouling coatings was established employing photoautotrophic biofilm formation of marine microorganisms in micro- and mesoscoms. Degree and pattern of biofilm formation was determined by quantification of chlorophyll fluorescence. For the microcosms, co-cultures of diatoms and a heterotrophic bacterium were exposed to fouling-release coatings. For the mesocosms, a novel device was developed that permits parallel quantification of a multitude of coatings under defined conditions with varying degrees of shear stress. Additionally, the antifouling coatings were tested for leaching of potential compounds and finally tested in sea trials. This multistep-approach revealed that the individual steps led to consistent results regarding antifouling activity of the coatings. Furthermore, the novel mesocosm system can be employed for advanced antifouling analysis including metagenomic approaches for determination of microbial diversity attaching to different coatings under changing shear forces.
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21
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Gruber A, Kroth PG. Intracellular metabolic pathway distribution in diatoms and tools for genome-enabled experimental diatom research. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160402. [PMID: 28717012 PMCID: PMC5516111 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are important primary producers in the oceans and can also dominate other aquatic habitats. One reason for the success of this phylogenetically relatively young group of unicellular organisms could be the impressive redundancy and diversity of metabolic isoenzymes in diatoms. This redundancy is a result of the evolutionary origin of diatom plastids by a eukaryote-eukaryote endosymbiosis, a process that implies temporary redundancy of functionally complete eukaryotic genomes. During the establishment of the plastids, this redundancy was partially reduced via gene losses, and was partially retained via gene transfer to the nucleus of the respective host cell. These gene transfers required re-assignment of intracellular targeting signals, a process that simultaneously altered the intracellular distribution of metabolic enzymes compared with the ancestral cells. Genome annotation, the correct assignment of the gene products and the prediction of putative function, strongly depends on the correct prediction of the intracellular targeting of a gene product. Here again diatoms are very peculiar, because the targeting systems for organelle import are partially different to those in land plants. In this review, we describe methods of predicting intracellular enzyme locations, highlight findings of metabolic peculiarities in diatoms and present genome-enabled approaches to study their metabolism.This article is part of the themed issue 'The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Gruber
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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