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Poulsen N, Kröger N. Thalassiosira pseudonana (Cyclotella nana) (Hustedt) Hasle et Heimdal (Bacillariophyceae): A genetically tractable model organism for studying diatom biology, including biological silica formation. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:809-817. [PMID: 37424141 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In 2004, Thalassiosira pseudonana was the first eukaryotic marine alga to have its genome sequenced. Since then, this species has quickly emerged as a valuable model species for investigating the molecular underpinnings of essentially all aspects of diatom life, particularly bio-morphogenesis of the cell wall. An important prerequisite for the model status of T. pseudonana is the ongoing development of increasingly precise tools to study the function of gene networks and their encoded proteins in vivo. Here, we briefly review the current toolbox for genetic manipulation, highlight specific examples of its application in studying diatom metabolism, and provide a peek into the role of diatoms in the emerging field of silica biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Poulsen
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Kröger
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Singh Chauhan D, Sahoo L, Mohanty K. Acclimation-driven microalgal cultivation improved temperature and light stress tolerance, CO 2 sequestration and metabolite regulation for bioenergy production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129386. [PMID: 37364652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates temperature and light impact on the ability of Micractinium pusillum microalgae to mitigate CO2 and produce bioenergy in semi-continuous mode. Microalgae were exposed to temperatures (15, 25, and 35 °C) and light intensities (50, 350, and 650 μmol m-2 s-1), including two temperature cycles, 25 °C had the maximum growth rate, with no significant difference at 35 °C and light intensities of 350 and 650 μmol m-2 s-1. 15 °C temperature and 50 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity reduced growth. Increased light intensity accelerated growth, CO2 utilization with carbon and bioenergy accumulation. Microalgae demonstrate rapid primary metabolic adjustment and acclimation reactions in response to changes in light and temperature conditions. Temperature correlated positively with carbon and nitrogen fixation, CO2 fixation, and carbon accumulation in the biomass, whereas there was no correlation found between light. In the temperature regime experiment, higher light intensity boosted nutrient and CO2 utilization, carbon buildup, and biomass bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Singh Chauhan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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3
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Laws EA, McClellan SA. Interactive effects of CO 2 , temperature, irradiance, and nutrient limitation on the growth and physiology of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus (Cyanophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:703-718. [PMID: 35830205 PMCID: PMC9805005 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus was grown in a continuous culture system to study the interactive effects of temperature, irradiance, nutrient limitation, and the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) on its growth and physiological characteristics. Cells were grown on a 14:10 h light:dark cycle at all combinations of low and high irradiance (50 and 300 μmol photons ⋅ m-2 ⋅ s-1 , respectively), low and high pCO2 (400 and 1000 ppmv, respectively), nutrient limitation (nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete conditions), and temperatures of 20-45°C in 5°C increments. The maximum growth rate was ~4.5 · d-1 at 30-35°C. Under nutrient-replete conditions, growth rates at most temperatures and irradiances were about 8% slower at a pCO2 of 1000 ppmv versus 400 ppmv. The single exception was 45°C and high irradiance. Under those conditions, growth rates were ~45% higher at 1000 ppmv. Cellular carbon:nitrogen ratios were independent of temperature at a fixed relative growth rate but higher at high irradiance than at low irradiance. Initial slopes of photosynthesis-irradiance curves were higher at all temperatures under nutrient-replete versus nitrate-limited conditions; they were similar at all temperatures under high and low irradiance, except at 20°C, when they were suppressed at high irradiance. A model of phytoplankton growth in which cellular carbon was allocated to structure, storage, or the light or dark reactions of photosynthesis accounted for the general patterns of cell composition and growth rate. Allocation of carbon to the light reactions of photosynthesis was consistently higher at low versus high light and under nutrient-replete versus nitrate-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Laws
- Department of Environmental SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana70803USA
| | - S. Alex McClellan
- Department of Environmental SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana70803USA
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4
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Oliveira CYB, Abreu JL, Santos EP, Matos ÂP, Tribuzi G, Oliveira CDL, Veras BO, Bezerra RS, Müller MN, Gálvez AO. Light induces peridinin and docosahexaenoic acid accumulation in the dinoflagellate Durusdinium glynnii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6263-6276. [PMID: 35972515 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Peridinin is a light-harvesting carotenoid present in phototrophic dinoflagellates and has great potential for new drug applications and cosmetics development. Herein, the effects of irradiance mediated by light-emitting diodes on growth performance, carotenoid and fatty acid profiles, and antioxidant activity of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate Durusdinium glynnii were investigated. The results demonstrate that D. glynnii is particularly well adapted to low-light conditions; however, it can be high-light-tolerant. In contrast to other light-harvesting carotenoids, the peridinin accumulation in D. glynnii occurred during high-light exposure. The peridinin to chlorophyll-a ratio varied as a function of irradiance, while the peridinin to total carotenoids ratio remained stable. Under optimal irradiance for growth, there was a peak in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) bioaccumulation. This study contributes to the understanding of the photoprotective role of peridinin in endosymbiont dinoflagellates and highlights the antioxidant activity of peridinin-rich extracts. KEY POINTS: • Peridinin has a protective role against chlorophyll photo-oxidation • High light conditions induce cellular peridinin accumulation • D. glynnii accumulates high amounts of DHA under optimal light supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Yure B Oliveira
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, St. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Jéssika L Abreu
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, St. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth P Santos
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, St. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ângelo P Matos
- Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Giustino Tribuzi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88034-801, Brazil
| | - Cicero Diogo L Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno O Veras
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Railson S Bezerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Marius N Müller
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Alfredo O Gálvez
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, St. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
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Collins S, Whittaker H, Thomas MK. The need for unrealistic experiments in global change biology. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 68:102151. [PMID: 35525129 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is an existential threat, and our ability to conduct experiments on how organisms will respond to it is limited by logistics and resources, making it vital that experiments be maximally useful. The majority of experiments on phytoplankton responses to warming and CO2 use only two levels of each driver. However, to project the characters of future populations, we need a mechanistic and generalisable explanation for how phytoplankton respond to concurrent changes in temperature and CO2. This requires experiments with more driver levels, to produce response surfaces that can aid in the development of predictive models. We recommend prioritising experiments or programmes that produce such response surfaces on multiple scales for phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Collins
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The King's Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.
| | - Harriet Whittaker
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The King's Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Mridul K Thomas
- University of Geneva, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Xu D, Tong S, Wang B, Zhang X, Wang W, Zhang X, Fan X, Wang Y, Sun K, Ye N. Ocean acidification stimulation of phytoplankton growth depends on the extent of departure from the optimal growth temperature. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113510. [PMID: 35299145 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming are two major environmental stressors; however, the generality of how warming will alter growth responses of phytoplankton to ocean acidification is less known. Here, enhancement of growth by high CO2 (HC) in Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira weissflogii was most prominent at optimum temperature. The extent to which growth rates in HC cultures were raised compared to low CO2 (LC) cultures tended to decrease with increasing or decreasing temperature, compared to the optimum. Further mechanistic studies in P. tricornutum revealed that cellular carbon and nitrogen content, superoxide dismutase activity, and respiration were generally higher in HC than those in LC at high and low temperatures, whereas PSII photochemical parameters were generally lower in HC than in LC at high and low temperatures. These results indicate that HC-grown cells needed to invest more energy and materials to maintain intracellular homeostasis and repair damage induced by the unsuitable temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanying Tong
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Bingkun Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Wang P, Laws E, Wang Y, Chen J, Song X, Huang R, Wang T, Yi X, Sun J, Guo X, Liu X, Gao K, Huang B. Elevated pCO 2 changes community structure and function by affecting phytoplankton group-specific mortality. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113362. [PMID: 35092931 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rise of atmospheric pCO2 has created a number of problems for marine ecosystem. In this study, we initially quantified the effects of elevated pCO2 on the group-specific mortality of phytoplankton in a natural community based on the results of mesocosm experiments. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community, and the concentration of chlorophyll a was significantly higher in the high-pCO2 treatment than the low-pCO2 treatment. Phytoplankton mortality (percentage of dead cells) decreased during the exponential growth phase. Although the mortality of dinoflagellates did not differ significantly between the two pCO2 treatments, that of diatoms was lower in the high-pCO2 treatment. Small diatoms dominated the diatom community. Although the mortality of large diatoms did not differ significantly between the two treatments, that of small diatoms was lower in the high-pCO2 treatment. These results suggested that elevated pCO2 might enhance dominance by small diatoms and thereby change the community structure of coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Collage of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Edward Laws
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Collage of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Collage of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xue Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ruiping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Tifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiangqi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiazhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xianghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Collage of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China..
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Bangqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Collage of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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Wu F, Zhang M, Liu C, Yang J, Ren M, Wu QL, Shi X. The spatial distribution of the photosynthetic picoeukaryotes community structure in Lake Hongze. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6318369. [PMID: 34244753 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial dynamics of picophytoplankton were investigated by flow cytometry and high-throughput sequencing in Lake Hongze, a large river-connecting lake. Picophytoplankton were mainly composed of phycocyanin-rich picocyanobacteria (PCY) and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs). Picocyanobacteria was the dominant picophytoplankton group since the contribution of PPEs to total picophytoplankton was only 11.78%. However, PPEs were highly diverse and were composed of Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Chrysophyceae. Environmental factors showed spatial differences, particularly in total phosphorus (TP), suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), which showed relatively high concentrations around the river channel. The abundances of PPEs and PCY showed similar spatial patterns, which were relatively low in the river course since they were negatively related to SS and CODMn. The top 10 OTUs contributed 79.18% of the total PPEs reads and affiliated with main species in PPEs. CCA results showed that, PPEs community composition was significantly impacted by temperature and DO at sites away from river channel, while was only influenced by nitrite at sites around the river channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mindong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223001, China
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Li F, Jiang L, Zhang T, Qiu J, Lv D, Su T, Li W, Xu J, Wang H. Combined effects of seawater acidification and benzo(a)pyrene on the physiological performance of the marine bloom-forming diatom Skeletonema costatum. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105396. [PMID: 34171593 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and seawater acidification are poorly understood. Hence, we exposed the bloom-forming diatom Skeletonema costatum to four concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg L-1) of benzo(a)pyrene and two pCO2 levels (400 and 1000 μatm) to investigate its physiological performance. The growth and photosynthesis of S. costatum were tolerant to low and moderate benzo(a)pyrene concentrations regardless of the pCO2 level. However, the highest benzo(a)pyrene concentration had remarkably adverse effects on most parameters, decreasing the growth rate by 69%. Seawater acidification increased the sensitivity to high light stress, as shown by the lower maximum relative electron transport rate and light saturation point at the highest benzo(a)pyrene concentration. Our results suggested that benzo(a)pyrene could be detrimental to diatoms at a habitat-relevant level, and seawater acidification might further decrease its light tolerance, which would have important ramifications for the community structure and primary production in coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Marine Resources Development Institute of Jiangsu, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Lele Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Tianzhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingmin Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Dongmei Lv
- Zibo Eco-environment Monitoring Center, Shandong Province, Zibo, 255040, China
| | - Tianci Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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