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Ballarini L, Stewart J, Fleming K, Matchwick A. Primary small intestinal lymphangiosarcoma in a dog presenting with a segmental partial mesenteric volvulus. J Comp Pathol 2024; 208:37-41. [PMID: 38141386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
A 3-year-old Great Dane presented with a history of chronic vomiting and diarrhoea. Abdominal computed tomography followed by exploratory laparotomy revealed a perforated, segmental partial mesenteric volvulus, affecting an abnormal section of distal jejunum, which was resected. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results were consistent with jejunal lymphangiosarcoma. This case represents the first report of primary small intestinal lymphangiosarcoma in dogs and the importance of immunohistochemistry for definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ballarini
- Animed Veterinary Hospital, Botley Road, Shedfield, Southampton SO32 2JG, UK.
| | - Jennifer Stewart
- IDEXX Laboratories, Grange House, Sandbeck Way, Wetherby LS22 7DN, UK
| | - Kathryn Fleming
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, Hampshire SO21 2LL, UK
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2
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Bellamy E, Larsen Moberg H, Suárez-Bonnet A, Palma SD, Murgia D, Pittaway R, Verganti S. Feline ventral abdominal wall angiosarcoma: haemangiosarcoma or lymphangiosarcoma? Clinical and pathological characteristics in nine cases. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X231216636. [PMID: 38227337 PMCID: PMC10949878 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231216636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiosarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms of endothelial cell origin with a predilection to the ventral abdominal wall in cats. Larger case series describing this entity are lacking. METHODS Two referral centre laboratory databases were searched for angiosarcoma of the ventral abdominal wall. Nine cases with a histological diagnosis were included. Immunohistochemistry (factor VIII and PROX-1 antibodies) was used to phenotype them as haemangiosarcoma or lymphangiosarcoma. RESULTS All cats presented with a ventral abdominal mass, five of which were producing a serosanguinous discharge. Eight underwent tumour staging and pulmonary metastases were suspected in one cat (but not histologically confirmed). With histopathology alone, a diagnosis of angiosarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma was made in four and five cases, respectively. After immunohistochemistry, five cases had a haemangiosarcoma phenotype and four had a lymphangiosarcoma phenotype, including two cases of lymphangiosarcoma that were reclassified as hemangiosarcoma. Eight cats received treatment (either surgery with or without adjuvant therapies or medical management alone). Six cats were euthanased due to local disease progression. The median survival time for haemangiosarcoma was 166 days (range 137-381), and for lymphangiosarcoma it was 197 days (range 67-208). Two cats with haemangiosarcoma remained alive for a follow-up period of 329 and 580 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Feline ventral abdominal angiosarcomas are rare locally aggressive neoplasms. While histology often provides a diagnosis of angiosarcoma, immunohistochemistry is ultimately required to differentiate between haemangiosarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma phenotypes. Further studies are required to evaluate whether the different phenotypes have an impact on treatment response and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Bellamy
- Animal Health Trust, Centre of Small Animal Studies, Newmarket, UK
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, Newmarket, UK
| | - Hanne Larsen Moberg
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Stefano Di Palma
- Animal Health Trust, Centre of Small Animal Studies, Newmarket, UK
- IDEXX Laboratories Ltd, Wetherby, UK
| | - Daniela Murgia
- Animal Health Trust, Centre of Small Animal Studies, Newmarket, UK
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, Newmarket, UK
| | - Rachel Pittaway
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, Newmarket, UK
| | - Sara Verganti
- Animal Health Trust, Centre of Small Animal Studies, Newmarket, UK
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, Newmarket, UK
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3
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Frezoulis P, Harper A. The role of toceranib phosphate in dogs with non-mast cell neoplasia: A systematic review. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:362-371. [PMID: 34981886 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has gained significant importance in veterinary cancer patients over the last decade. Toceranib phosphate has been licensed for the treatment of dogs with mast cell tumours. Its molecular similarity to sunitinib, a TKI used in human medicine, has led many veterinary oncologists to use this agent for multiple neoplastic diseases. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review of the evidence for the use of toceranib in dogs with non-mast cell neoplasia. Two electronic databases were searched. Publications were included if toceranib was used as a treatment option in canine patients. Studies and case reports were excluded if toceranib was used as part of a multi-modal treatment plan and response or outcome data related to toceranib therapy were not described. A total of 28 studies were included from 122 references. The most common types of neoplasias identified were neuroendocrine tumours, anal gland sac adenocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma. Multiple other neoplasias had one or two studies identified to describe the use of toceranib. Results of the study support that toceranib phosphate may have efficacy against certain types of neoplasia under certain conditions, such as neuroendocrine tumours, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and anal sac adenocarcinomas, while it is probably not effective for the management of metastatic osteosarcoma based on the findings of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Harper
- Wear Veterinary Referrals, Stockton-on-Tees, Durham, UK
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4
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Azevedo CN, Sterman AA, Stranahan LW, Taylor BM, Wiener DJ, Davidson JR, Russell KE. Pathologic and flow cytometric features of a case of canine ventral cervical lymphangiosarcoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:476-480. [PMID: 32306890 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720917324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-y-old spayed female German Shepherd was presented for a second opinion of ventral cervical swelling of 3-mo duration. On examination, the dog had significant dependent ventral cervical swelling. Enlarged lymph nodes with cystic changes and severe edematous facial swelling were noted on computed tomography. Fine-needle aspiration of the ventral cervical swelling revealed yellow-tinged fluid, with a predominance of lymphoid cells noted on cytologic examination. On cervical exploratory surgery, the left mandibular lymph node was surrounded by a large fluid pocket; biopsies of the lymph node were obtained. Impression smear cytology, flow cytometry, PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements, and histopathology were performed on samples from the left mandibular lymph node. Impression smear cytology revealed a population of atypical discrete cells. Flow cytometry identified a population of CD34+/CD45- large cells. A tumor of endothelial origin within the medulla of the lymph node was identified by histopathology, and lymphangiosarcoma was confirmed based on prospero-related homeobox gene 1 (PROX1) immunoreactivity. Our study describes the challenges in the diagnosis of a rarely reported entity and highlights that neoplastic endothelial cells should be considered as a differential when high proportions of CD34+/CD45- cells are present in flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Azevedo
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Azevedo, Stranahan, Taylor, Wiener, Russell), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Sterman, Davidson), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Allyson A Sterman
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Azevedo, Stranahan, Taylor, Wiener, Russell), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Sterman, Davidson), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Lauren W Stranahan
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Azevedo, Stranahan, Taylor, Wiener, Russell), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Sterman, Davidson), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Brianne M Taylor
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Azevedo, Stranahan, Taylor, Wiener, Russell), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Sterman, Davidson), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Dominique J Wiener
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Azevedo, Stranahan, Taylor, Wiener, Russell), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Sterman, Davidson), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jacqueline R Davidson
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Azevedo, Stranahan, Taylor, Wiener, Russell), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Sterman, Davidson), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Karen E Russell
- Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology (Azevedo, Stranahan, Taylor, Wiener, Russell), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Sterman, Davidson), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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5
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Soler V, Cuvertoret-Sanz M, Ramis A, Martorell J. Subcutaneous lymphangiosarcoma in a pet rat (Rattus norvegicus). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Londhe P, Gutwillig M, London C. Targeted Therapies in Veterinary Oncology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:917-931. [PMID: 31186124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology have permitted a much more detailed understanding of cellular dysfunction at the molecular and genetic levels in cancer cells. This has resulted in the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, including proteins that regulate signal transduction, gene expression, and protein turnover. In many instances, small molecules are used to disrupt the function of these targets, often through competitive inhibition of ATP binding or the prevention of necessary protein-protein interactions. More than 40 small molecule inhibitors are now approved to treat a variety of human cancers, substantially impacting patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Londhe
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Megan Gutwillig
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Cheryl London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine and School of Medicine, Tufts University, Jaharis Building, Room 814, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 0211, USA.
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7
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Maldonado‐Moreno A, Blanchart M, Clemente‐Vicario P, Gonzalez‐Gash E, Feo‐Bernabe L. Multimodal treatment approach in a case of feline ventral abdominal angiosarcoma. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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9
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Gaspar TB, Henriques J, Marconato L, Queiroga FL. The use of low-dose metronomic chemotherapy in dogs-insight into a modern cancer field. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:2-11. [PMID: 28317239 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The era of chemotherapy, which started in the middle of the last century, has been ruled by the routine use of dose-intense protocols, based on the "maximum-tolerated dose" concept. By promoting a balance between patient's quality of life and the goal of rapidly killing as many tumour cells as possible, these protocols still play a prominent role in veterinary oncology. However, with the opening of a new millennium, metronomic chemotherapy (MC) started to be considered a possible alternative to traditional dose-intense chemotherapy. Characterized by a long-term daily administration of lower doses of cytotoxic drugs, this new modality stands out for its unique combination of effects, namely on neovascularization, immune response and tumour dormancy. This article reviews the rationale for treatment with MC, its mechanism of action and the main studies conducted in veterinary medicine, and discusses the key challenges yet to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Gaspar
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Hospital Veterinário Berna, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Henriques
- Hospital Veterinário Berna, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Bologna, Italy
| | - F L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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10
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Binanti D, De Zani D, Fantinato E, Allevi G, Sironi G, Zani DD. Intradural-extramedullary haemangioblastoma with paraspinal extension in a dog. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:460-5. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Binanti
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - D De Zani
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - E Fantinato
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - G Allevi
- Private practitioner; Bergamo Italy
| | - G Sironi
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - DD Zani
- Veterinary University Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
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11
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Gornik KR, Pirie CG, Barber LG, Beamer GL. Ocular Lymphangiosarcoma in a Horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Thongtharb A, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Watanabe KI, Takahashi A, Mochizuki M, Nishimura R, Nakayama H. Lymphangiosarcoma with systemic metastases in a Japanese domestic cat. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:371-4. [PMID: 25482607 PMCID: PMC4383788 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-2-month-old female Japanese domestic cat was diagnosed with lymphangiosarcoma through tissue biopsy of an amputated leg. Two months later, the cat was euthanized, and postmortem findings revealed edema, and bruising at the caudal region of the trunk, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary nodules and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Microscopically, neoplastic tissues were observed in the dermis and subcutis of the trunk, lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, diaphragm, omentum and mesentery. The tumor cells were spindle to polygonal-shaped with nuclear pleomorphism aligning along pre-existing collagen bundles and forming irregular vascular channels in which the erythrocytes were rarely observed. These cells were immunopositive for vimentin, von Willebrand factor and CD31. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical features, the neoplasia was diagnosed as lymphangiosarcoma with systemic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atigan Thongtharb
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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13
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Abstract
Recent advances in molecular biology have permitted the identification and characterization of specific abnormalities regarding cell signaling and function in cancer cells. Proteins that are found to be dysregulated in cancer cells can serve as relevant targets for therapeutic intervention. Although there are several approaches to block proteins that contribute to cellular dysfunction, the one most commonly used involves a class of therapeutics called small molecule inhibitors. Such inhibitors work by disrupting critical pathways/processes in cancer cells, thereby preventing their ability to grow and survive.
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14
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Curran KM, Halsey CHC, Worley DR. Lymphangiosarcoma in 12 dogs: a case series (1998-2013). Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:181-90. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Curran
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - C. H. C. Halsey
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - D. R. Worley
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
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15
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Castro‐López J, Bermúdez N, Martínez J, Ramos‐Varas J, Planellas M, Pastor J. Caudoventral abdominal lymphangiosarcoma in a cat treated with metronomic chemotherapy. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2013-000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Castro‐López
- Department of Animal Medicine and SurgeryFacultat de VeterinàriaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Jorge Martínez
- Department of Animal Health and AnatomyFacultat de VeterinàriaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - José Ramos‐Varas
- Animal Disease Diagnostic LaboratoryDepartment of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue University College of Veterinary MedicineWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Marta Planellas
- Department of Animal Medicine and SurgeryFacultat de VeterinàriaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and SurgeryFacultat de VeterinàriaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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