1
|
Lu Y, Yang W, Zhang X, Wu L, Li Y, Wang X, Huai Y. Unraveling the complexity of rapid eye movement microstates: insights from nonlinear EEG analysis. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae105. [PMID: 38695327 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is conventionally treated as a unified state, it comprises two distinct microstates: phasic and tonic REM. Recent research emphasizes the importance of understanding the interplay between these microstates, hypothesizing their role in transient shifts between sensory detachment and external awareness. Previous studies primarily employed linear metrics to probe cognitive states, such as oscillatory power, while in this study, we adopt Lempel-Ziv Complexity (LZC), to examine the nonlinear features of electroencephalographic (EEG) data from the REM microstates and to gain complementary insights into neural dynamics during REM sleep. Our findings demonstrate a noteworthy reduction in LZC during phasic REM compared to tonic REM states, signifying diminished EEG complexity in the former. Additionally, we noted a negative correlation between decreased LZC and delta band power, along with a positive correlation with alpha band power. This study highlights the potential of nonlinear EEG metrics, particularly LZC, in elucidating the distinct features of REM microstates. Overall, this research contributes to advancing our understanding of the complex dynamics within REM sleep and opens new avenues for exploring its implications in both clinical and nonclinical contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Longhua District Rehabilitation Medical Equipment Development and Transformation Joint Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Longhua District Rehabilitation Medical Equipment Development and Transformation Joint Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Longhua District Rehabilitation Medical Equipment Development and Transformation Joint Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Longhua District Rehabilitation Medical Equipment Development and Transformation Joint Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Huai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Longhua District Rehabilitation Medical Equipment Development and Transformation Joint Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van den Berg NH, Gibbings A, Baena D, Pozzobon A, Al-Kuwatli J, Ray LB, Fogel SM. Eye movements during phasic versus tonic rapid eye movement sleep are biomarkers of dissociable electroencephalogram processes for the consolidation of novel problem-solving skills. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad151. [PMID: 37246548 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmark eye movement (EM) bursts that occur during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are markers of consolidation for procedural memory involving novel cognitive strategies and problem-solving skills. Examination of the brain activity associated with EMs during REM sleep might elucidate the processes involved in memory consolidation, and may uncover the functional significance of REM sleep and EMs themselves. Participants performed a REM-dependent, novel procedural problem-solving task (i.e. the Tower of Hanoi; ToH) before and after intervals of either overnight sleep (n = 20) or a daytime 8-hour wake period (n = 20). In addition, event-related spectral perturbation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) time-locked to EMs occurring either in bursts (i.e. phasic REM), or in isolation (i.e. tonic REM), were compared to sleep on a non-learning control night. ToH improvement was greater following sleep compared to wakefulness. During sleep, prefrontal theta (~2-8 Hz) and central-parietal-occipital sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) activity (~8-16 Hz) time-locked to EMs, were greater on the ToH night versus control night, and during phasic REM sleep, were both positively correlated with overnight memory improvements. Furthermore, SMR power during tonic REM increased significantly from the control night to ToH night, but was relatively stable from night to night during phasic REM. These results suggest that EMs are markers of learning-related increases in theta and SMR during phasic and tonic REM sleep. Phasic and tonic REM sleep may be functionally distinct in terms of their contribution to procedural memory consolidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Gibbings
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Baena
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Laura B Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin JE, Kim S, Yu H, Lee KN, Do YR, Lee SM. Soft, adhesive and conductive composite for electroencephalogram signal quality improvement. Biomed Eng Lett 2023; 13:495-504. [PMID: 37519875 PMCID: PMC10382389 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-023-00279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since electroencephalogram (EEG) is a very small electrical signal from the brain, it is very vulnerable to external noise or motion artifact, making it difficult to measure. Therefore, despite the excellent convenience of dry electrodes, wet electrodes have been used. To solve this problem, self-adhesive and conductive composites using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in adhesive polydimethylsiloxane (aPDMS), which can have the advantages of both dry and wet electrodes, have been developed by mixing them uniformly with methyl group-terminated PDMS. The CNT/aPDMS composite has a low Young's modulus, penetrates the skin well, has a high contact area, and excellent adhesion and conductivity, so the signal quality is enhanced. As a result of the EEG measurement test, although it was a dry electrode, results comparable to those of a wet electrode were obtained in terms of impedance and motion noise. It also shows excellent biocompatibility in a human fibroblast cell test and a week-long skin reaction test, so it can measure EEG with high signal quality for a long period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong E Jin
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 South Korea
| | - Seohyeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 South Korea
| | - Hyeji Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 South Korea
| | - Keyong Nam Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 South Korea
| | - Young Rag Do
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 South Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baird B, Tononi G, LaBerge S. Lucid dreaming occurs in activated rapid eye movement sleep, not a mixture of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep 2022; 45:6528977. [PMID: 35167686 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES (1) To critically test whether a previously reported increase in frontolateral 40 Hz power in lucid REM sleep, used to justify the claim that lucid dreaming is a "hybrid state" mixing sleep and wakefulness, is attributable to the saccadic spike potential (SP) artifact as a corollary of heightened REM density. (2) To replicate the finding that lucid dreams are associated with physiological activation, including heightened eye movement density, during REM sleep. (3) To conduct an exploratory analysis of changes in EEG features during lucid REM sleep. METHODS We analyzed 14 signal-verified lucid dreams (SVLDs) and baseline REM sleep segments from the same REM periods from six participants derived from the Stanford SVLD database. Participants marked lucidity onset with standard left-right-left-right-center (LR2c) eye-movement signals in polysomnography recordings. RESULTS Compared to baseline REM sleep, lucid REM sleep had higher REM density (β = 0.85, p = 0.002). Bayesian analysis supported the null hypothesis of no differences in frontolateral 40 Hz power after removal of the SP artifact (BH = 0.18) and ICA correction (BH = 0.01). Compared to the entire REM sleep period, lucid REM sleep showed small reductions in low-frequency and beta band spectral power as well as increased signal complexity (all p < 0.05), which were within the normal variance of baseline REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS Lucid dreams are associated with higher-than-average levels of physiological activation during REM sleep, including measures of both subcortical and cortical activation. Increases in 40 Hz power in periorbital channels reflect saccadic and microsaccadic SPs as a result of higher REM density accompanying heightened activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Baird
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ioannides AA, Orphanides GA, Liu L. Rhythmicity in heart rate and its surges usher a special period of sleep, a likely home for PGO waves. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:118-141. [PMID: 35243361 PMCID: PMC8867048 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High amplitude electroencephalogram (EEG) events, like unitary K-complex (KC), are used to partition sleep into stages and hence define the hypnogram, a key instrument of sleep medicine. Throughout sleep the heart rate (HR) changes, often as a steady HR increase leading to a peak, what is known as a heart rate surge (HRS). The hypnogram is often unavailable when most needed, when sleep is disturbed and the graphoelements lose their identity. The hypnogram is also difficult to define during normal sleep, particularly at the start of sleep and the periods that precede and follow rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Here, we use objective quantitative criteria that group together periods that cannot be assigned to a conventional sleep stage into what we call REM0 periods, with the presence of a HRS one of their defining properties. Extended REM0 periods are characterized by highly regular sequences of HRS that generate an infra-low oscillation around 0.05 Hz. During these regular sequence of HRS, and just before each HRS event, we find avalanches of high amplitude events for each one of the mass electrophysiological signals, i.e. related to eye movement, the motor system and the general neural activity. The most prominent features of long REM0 periods are sequences of three to five KCs which we label multiple K-complexes (KCm). Regarding HRS, a clear dissociation is demonstrated between the presence or absence of high gamma band spectral power (55-95 Hz) of the two types of KCm events: KCm events with strong high frequencies (KCmWSHF) cluster just before the peak of HRS, while KCm between HRS show no increase in high gamma band (KCmNOHF). Tomographic estimates of activity from magnetoencephalography (MEG) in pre-KC periods (single and multiple) showed common increases in the cholinergic Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in the alpha band. The direct contrast of KCmWSHF with KCmNOHF showed increases in all subjects in the high sigma band in the base of the pons and in three subjects in both the delta and high gamma bands in the medial Pontine Reticular Formation (mPRF), the putative Long Lead Initial pulse (LLIP) for Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Ioannides
- Lab. for Human Brain Dynamics, AAI Scientific Cultural Services Ltd., Nicosia, 1065, Cyprus
| | - Gregoris A. Orphanides
- Lab. for Human Brain Dynamics, AAI Scientific Cultural Services Ltd., Nicosia, 1065, Cyprus
- The English School, Nicosia, 1684, Cyprus
| | - Lichan Liu
- Lab. for Human Brain Dynamics, AAI Scientific Cultural Services Ltd., Nicosia, 1065, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khurana V, Gahalawat M, Kumar P, Roy PP, Dogra DP, Scheme E, Soleymani M. A Survey on Neuromarketing Using EEG Signals. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2021.3065200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Simor P, Bogdány T, Bódizs R, Perakakis P. Cortical monitoring of cardiac activity during rapid eye movement sleep: the heartbeat evoked potential in phasic and tonic rapid-eye-movement microstates. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab100. [PMID: 33870427 PMCID: PMC8633618 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental physiological state that facilitates neural recovery during periods of attenuated sensory processing. On the other hand, mammalian sleep is also characterized by the interplay between periods of increased sleep depth and environmental alertness. Whereas the heterogeneity of microstates during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep was extensively studied in the last decades, transient microstates during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep received less attention. REM sleep features two distinct microstates: phasic and tonic. Previous studies indicate that sensory processing is largely diminished during phasic REM periods, whereas environmental alertness is partially reinstated when the brain switches into tonic REM sleep. Here, we investigated interoceptive processing as quantified by the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) during REM microstates. We contrasted the HEPs of phasic and tonic REM periods using two separate databases that included the nighttime polysomnographic recordings of healthy young individuals (N = 20 and N = 19). We find a differential HEP modulation of a late HEP component (after 500 ms post-R-peak) between tonic and phasic REM. Moreover, the late tonic HEP component resembled the HEP found in resting wakefulness. Our results indicate that interoception with respect to cardiac signals is not uniform across REM microstates, and suggest that interoceptive processing is partially reinstated during tonic REM periods. The analyses of the HEP during REM sleep may shed new light on the organization and putative function of REM microstates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamás Bogdány
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pandelis Perakakis
- Department of Social, Organisational, and Differential Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Brain, Mind, & Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Simor P, Szalárdy O, Gombos F, Ujma PP, Jordán Z, Halász L, Erőss L, Fabó D, Bódizs R. REM Sleep Microstates in the Human Anterior Thalamus. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5677-5686. [PMID: 33863786 PMCID: PMC8244978 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1899-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is an elusive neural state that is associated with a variety of functions from physiological regulatory mechanisms to complex cognitive processing. REM periods consist of the alternation of phasic and tonic REM microstates that differ in spontaneous and evoked neural activity. Although previous studies indicate, that cortical and thalamocortical activity differs across phasic and tonic microstates, the characterization of neural activity, particularly in subcortical structures that are critical in the initiation and maintenance of REM sleep is still limited in humans. Here, we examined electric activity patterns of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus as well as their functional connectivity with scalp EEG recordings during REM microstates and wakefulness in a group of epilepsy patients (N = 12, 7 females). Anterothalamic local field potentials (LFPs) showed increased high-α and β frequency power in tonic compared with phasic REM, emerging as an intermediate state between phasic REM and wakefulness. Moreover, we observed increased thalamocortical synchronization in phasic compared with tonic REM sleep, especially in the slow and fast frequency ranges. Wake-like activity in tonic REM sleep may index the regulation of arousal and vigilance facilitating environmental alertness. On the other hand, increased thalamocortical synchronization may reflect the intrinsic activity of frontolimbic networks supporting emotional and memory processes during phasic REM sleep. In sum, our findings highlight that the heterogeneity of phasic and tonic REM sleep is not limited to cortical activity, but is also manifested by anterothalamic LFPs and thalamocortical synchronization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT REM sleep is a heterogeneous sleep state that features the alternation of two microstates, phasic and tonic rapid eye movement (REM). These states differ in sensory processing, awakening thresholds, and cortical activity. Nevertheless, the characterization of these microstates, particularly in subcortical structures is still limited in humans. We had the unique opportunity to examine electric activity patterns of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus (ANTs) as well as their functional connectivity with scalp EEG recordings during REM microstates and wakefulness. Our findings show that the heterogeneity of phasic and tonic REM sleep is not limited to cortical activity, but is also manifested in the level of the thalamus and thalamocortical networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1064, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI-ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Orsolya Szalárdy
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gombos
- MTA-PPKE, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Adolescent Development Research Group, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Péter Przemyslaw Ujma
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest 1145, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Jordán
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest 1145, Hungary
| | - László Halász
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest 1145, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest 1145, Hungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest 1145, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kliková M, Piorecký M, Miletínová E, Janků K, Dudysová DU, Bušková J. Objective REM sleep characteristics of recurrent isolated sleep paralysis: a case-control study. Sleep 2021; 44:6305144. [PMID: 34145456 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP) is a rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnia characterized by a dissociative state with characteristics of REM sleep and wakefulness. Pathophysiology has not yet been clarified and very little research has been performed using objective polysomnographic measures with inconsistent results. The main aim of our study was to find whether higher REM sleep fragmentation is consistent with the theory of state dissociation or whether signs of dissociation can be detected by spectral analysis. METHODS Nineteen participants in the RISP group and 19 age- and gender-matched participants in the control group underwent two consecutive full-night video-polysomnography recordings with 19-channel electroencephalography. Apart from sleep macrostructure, other REM sleep characteristics such as REM arousal index, percentage of wakefulness and stage shifts within REM sleep period were analyzed, as well as power spectral analysis during REM sleep. RESULTS No difference was found in the macrostructural parameters of REM sleep (percentage of REM sleep and REM latency). Similarly, no significant difference was detected in REM sleep fragmentation (assessed by REM sleep arousal index, percentage of wakefulness and stage shifts within REM sleep). Power spectral analysis showed higher bifrontal beta activity in the RISP group during REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS The results showed an underlying persistent trait of higher cortical activity that may predispose patients with SP to be more likely to experience recurrent episodes, without any apparent macrostructural features including higher REM sleep fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kliková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Piorecký
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Miletínová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Janků
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Urbaczka Dudysová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bušková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rechichi I, Zibetti M, Borzì L, Olmo G, Lopiano L. Single-channel EEG classification of sleep stages based on REM microstructure. Healthc Technol Lett 2021; 8:58-65. [PMID: 34035926 PMCID: PMC8136764 DOI: 10.1049/htl2.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, or paradoxical sleep, accounts for 20-25% of total night-time sleep in healthy adults and may be related, in pathological cases, to parasomnias. A large percentage of Parkinson's disease patients suffer from sleep disorders, including REM sleep behaviour disorder and hypokinesia; monitoring their sleep cycle and related activities would help to improve their quality of life. There is a need to accurately classify REM and the other stages of sleep in order to properly identify and monitor parasomnias. This study proposes a method for the identification of REM sleep from raw single-channel electroencephalogram data, employing novel features based on REM microstructures. Sleep stage classification was performed by means of random forest (RF) classifier, K-nearest neighbour (K-NN) classifier and random Under sampling boosted trees (RUSBoost); the classifiers were trained using a set of published and novel features. REM detection accuracy ranges from 89% to 92.7%, and the classifiers achieved a F-1 score (REM class) of about 0.83 (RF), 0.80 (K-NN), and 0.70 (RUSBoost). These methods provide encouraging outcomes in automatic sleep scoring and REM detection based on raw single-channel electroencephalogram, assessing the feasibility of a home sleep monitoring device with fewer channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rechichi
- Department of Control and Computer EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Maurizio Zibetti
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”Università degli Studi di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Luigi Borzì
- Department of Control and Computer EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Gabriella Olmo
- Department of Control and Computer EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Leonardo Lopiano
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”Università degli Studi di TorinoTorinoItaly
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yoon JE, Oh D, Hwang I, Park JA, Im HJ, Lee SK, Jung KY, Park SH, Thomas RJ, Shin C, Yun CH. Sleep structure and electroencephalographic spectral power of middle-aged or older adults: Normative values by age and sex in the Korean population. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13358. [PMID: 33949014 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fine structure of sleep electrocortical activity reflects health and disease. The current study provides normative data for sleep structure and electroencephalography (EEG) spectral power measures derived from overnight polysomnography (PSG) and examines the effect of age and sex among Korean middle-aged and older adults with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We analysed home PSG data from 1,153 adult participants of an ongoing population-based cohort study, the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Sleep stages were visually scored and spectral power was measured on a single-channel EEG (C4-A1). We computed spectral power for five frequency ranges. The EEG power was reported in relative (%) and log-transformed absolute values (µV2 ). With ageing, the proportion of N1 sleep increased, whereas N3 decreased, which is more noticeable in men than in women. The amount of N3 was relatively low in this cohort. With ageing, relative delta power decreased and alpha and sigma power increased for the whole sleep period, which was more pronounced during REM sleep in non-OSA. For men compared with women, relative theta power was lower during REM and sigma and beta were higher during N1 sleep. The differences of relative powers by age and sex in OSA were comparable to those in non-OSA. In a community-based Korean population, we present normative data of sleep structure and spectral power for middle-aged or older adults of a non-Caucasian ethnicity. The values varied with age and sex and were not influenced by sleep apnea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Eun Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Dana Oh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inha Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Ah Park
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Im
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Robert J Thomas
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.,Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Yun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Boer M, Nijdam MJ, Jongedijk RA, Bangel KA, Olff M, Hofman WF, Talamini LM. The spectral fingerprint of sleep problems in post-traumatic stress disorder. Sleep 2021; 43:5614711. [PMID: 31702010 PMCID: PMC7157184 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Sleep problems are a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to find a robust objective measure for the sleep disturbance in patients having PTSD. Methods The current study assessed EEG power across a wide frequency range and multiple scalp locations, in matched trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD, during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. In addition, a full polysomnographical evaluation was performed, including sleep staging and assessment of respiratory function, limb movements, and heart rate. The occurrence of sleep disorders was also assessed. Results In patients having PTSD, NREM sleep shows a substantial loss of slow oscillation power and increased higher frequency activity compared with controls. The change is most pronounced over right-frontal sensors and correlates with insomnia. PTSD REM sleep shows a large power shift in the opposite direction, with increased slow oscillation power over occipital areas, which is strongly related to nightmare activity and to a lesser extent with insomnia. These pronounced spectral changes occur in the context of severe subjective sleep problems, increased occurrence of various sleep disorders and modest changes in sleep macrostructure. Conclusions This is the first study to show pronounced changes in EEG spectral topologies during both NREM and REM sleep in PTSD. Importantly, the observed power changes reflect the hallmarks of PTSD sleep problems: insomnia and nightmares and may thus be specific for PTSD. A spectral index derived from these data distinguishes patients from controls with high effect size, bearing promise as a candidate biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Boer
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,UvA-Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Nijdam
- Center for Psychological Trauma, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ARQ Centrum'45, Partner in ARQ, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - R A Jongedijk
- ARQ Centrum'45, Partner in ARQ, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - K A Bangel
- Center for Psychological Trauma, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Olff
- Center for Psychological Trauma, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - W F Hofman
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia M Talamini
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,UvA-Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Valomon A, Riedner BA, Jones SG, Nakamura KP, Tononi G, Plante DT, Benca RM, Boly M. A high-density electroencephalography study reveals abnormal sleep homeostasis in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4758. [PMID: 33637812 PMCID: PMC7910582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by disrupting motor enactments during REM sleep, but also cognitive impairments across several domains. In addition to REM sleep abnormalities, we hypothesized that RBD patients may also display EEG abnormalities during NREM sleep. We collected all-night recordings with 256-channel high-density EEG in nine RBD patients, predominantly early-onset medicated individuals, nine sex- and age- matched healthy controls, and nine additional controls with matched medications and comorbidities. Power spectra in delta to gamma frequency bands were compared during both REM and NREM sleep, between phasic and tonic REM sleep, and between the first versus last cycle of NREM sleep. Controls, but not RBD patients, displayed a decrease in beta power during phasic compared to tonic REM sleep. Compared to controls, RBD patients displayed a reduced decline in SWA from early to late NREM sleep. Overnight changes in the distribution of the amplitude of slow waves were also reduced in RBD patients. Without suppression of beta rhythms during phasic REM sleep, RBD patients might demonstrate heightened cortical arousal, favoring the emergence of behavioral episodes. A blunted difference between REM sleep sub-stages may constitute a sensitive biomarker for RBD. Moreover, reduced overnight decline in SWA suggests a reduced capacity for synaptic plasticity in RBD patients, which may favor progression towards neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Valomon
- Psychiatry - Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
| | - Brady A Riedner
- Psychiatry - Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stephanie G Jones
- Psychiatry - Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Giulio Tononi
- Psychiatry - Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - David T Plante
- Psychiatry - Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruth M Benca
- University of California Irvine, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Boly
- Psychiatry - Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meng Q, Tan X, Jiang C, Xiong Y, Yan B, Zhang J. Tracking Eye Movements During Sleep in Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:616760. [PMID: 33716648 PMCID: PMC7947631 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.616760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye movement is not only for adjusting the visual field and maintaining the stability of visual information on the retina, but also provides an external manifestation of the cognitive status of the brain. Recent studies showed similarity in eye movement patterns between wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, indicating that the brain status of REM sleep likely resembles that of awake status. REM sleep in humans could be divided into phasic REM and tonic REM sleep according to the difference in eye movement frequencies. Mice are the most commonly used animal model for studying neuronal and molecular mechanisms underlying sleep. However, there was a lack of details for eye movement patterns during REM sleep, hence it remains unknown whether REM sleep can be further divided into different stages in mice. Here we developed a device combining electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) as well as eye movements recording in mice to study the eye movement patterns during sleep. We implanted a magnet beneath the conjunctiva of eye and tracked eye movements using a magnetic sensor. The magnetic signals showed strong correlation with video-oculography in head-fixed mice, indicating that the magnetic signals reflect the direction and magnitude of eye movement. We also found that the magnet implanted beneath the conjunctiva exhibited good biocompatibility. Finally, we examined eye movement in sleep–wake cycle, and discriminated tonic REM and phasic REM according to the frequency of eye movements, finding that compared to tonic REM, phasic REM exhibited higher oscillation power at 0.50 Hz, and lower oscillation power at 1.50–7.25 Hz and 9.50–12.00 Hz. Our device allowed to simultaneously record EEG, EMG, and eye movements during sleep and wakefulness, providing a convenient and high temporal-spatial resolution tool for studying eye movements in sleep and other researches in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshuo Meng
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrong Tan
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyong Jiang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyu Xiong
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Yan
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Sawtooth Waves Are Associated with Widespread Cortical Activations. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8900-8912. [PMID: 33055279 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1586-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sawtooth waves (STW) are bursts of frontocentral slow oscillations recorded in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Little is known about their cortical generators and functional significance. Stereo-EEG performed for presurgical epilepsy evaluation offers the unique possibility to study neurophysiology in situ in the human brain. We investigated intracranial correlates of scalp-detected STW in 26 patients (14 women) undergoing combined stereo-EEG/polysomnography. We visually marked STW segments in scalp EEG and selected stereo-EEG channels exhibiting normal activity for intracranial analyses. Channels were grouped in 30 brain regions. The spectral power in each channel and frequency band was computed during STW and non-STW control segments. Ripples (80-250 Hz) were automatically detected during STW and control segments. The spectral power in the different frequency bands and the ripple rates were then compared between STW and control segments in each brain region. An increase in 2-4 Hz power during STW segments was found in all brain regions, except the occipital lobe, with large effect sizes in the parietotemporal junction, the lateral and orbital frontal cortex, the anterior insula, and mesiotemporal structures. A widespread increase in high-frequency activity, including ripples, was observed concomitantly, involving the sensorimotor cortex, associative areas, and limbic structures. This distribution showed a high spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Our results suggest that STW are associated with widely distributed, but locally regulated REM sleep slow oscillations. By driving fast activities, STW may orchestrate synchronized reactivations of multifocal activities, allowing tagging of complex representations necessary for REM sleep-dependent memory consolidation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sawtooth waves (STW) present as scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) bursts of slow waves contrasting with the low-voltage fast desynchronized activity of REM sleep. Little is known about their cortical origin and function. Using combined stereo-EEG/polysomnography possible only in the human brain during presurgical epilepsy evaluation, we explored the intracranial correlates of STW. We found that a large set of regions in the parietal, frontal, and insular cortices shows increases in 2-4 Hz power during scalp EEG STW, that STW are associated with a strong and widespread increase in high frequencies, and that these slow and fast activities exhibit a high spatiotemporal heterogeneity. These electrophysiological properties suggest that STW may be involved in cognitive processes during REM sleep.
Collapse
|
16
|
Unaltered EEG spectral power and functional connectivity in REM microstates in frequent nightmare recallers: are nightmares really a REM parasomnia? Sleep Med 2020; 75:192-200. [PMID: 32858360 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent nightmares show signs of hyperarousal in NREM sleep. Nevertheless, idiopathic nightmare disorder is considered a REM parasomnia, but the pathophysiology of REM sleep in relation to frequent nightmares is controversial. Cortical oscillatory activity in REM sleep is largely modulated by phasic and tonic REM periods and seems to be linked to different functions and dysfunctions of REM sleep. Here, we examined cortical activity and functional synchronization in frequent nightmare recallers and healthy controls, during phasic and tonic REM. METHODS Frequent nightmare recallers (N = 22) and healthy controls (N = 22) matched for high dream recall spent two nights in the laboratory. Phasic and tonic REM periods from the second nights' recordings were selected to examine differences in EEG spectral power and weighted phase lag index (WPLI) across groups and REM states. RESULTS Phasic REM showed increased power and synchronization in delta and gamma frequency bands, whereas tonic REM featured increased power and synchronization in the alpha and beta bands. In the theta band, power was higher during tonic, and synchronization was higher during phasic REM sleep. No differences across nightmare and control participants or patterns representing interactions between the groups and REM microstates emerged. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the idea that abnormal REM sleep power and synchronization play a role in the pathophysiology of frequent nightmares. Altered REM sleep in nightmare disorder could have been confounded with comorbid pathologies and increased dream recall, or might be linked to more specific state factors (nightmare episodes).
Collapse
|
17
|
Simor P, van der Wijk G, Nobili L, Peigneux P. The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic? Sleep Med Rev 2020; 52:101305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
18
|
Sunwoo JS, Cha KS, Byun JI, Kim TJ, Jun JS, Lim JA, Lee ST, Jung KH, Park KI, Chu K, Kim HJ, Kim M, Lee SK, Kim KH, Schenck CH, Jung KY. Abnormal activation of motor cortical network during phasic REM sleep in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep 2019; 42:5184577. [PMID: 30445515 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives We investigated electroencephalography (EEG) power spectral density and functional connectivity during phasic and tonic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and examined any differences between patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and controls. Methods EEG data from 13 people with iRBD (mean age, 66.3 years; men, 84.6%) and 10 controls (mean age, 62.3 years; men, 70%) were analyzed. We selected thirty 3 s miniepochs of both tonic and phasic REM sleep. We estimated relative power for six frequency bands. For functional connectivity analysis, we calculated weighted phase lag index (wPLI) and conducted pairwise comparisons between the two groups. Results EEG power spectral analysis revealed significant interactions between the REM sleep state (phasic vs. tonic) and group at sigma (p = 0.009) and beta (p = 0.002) bands. Sigma- and beta-power decrease during phasic REM sleep was more pronounced and extensive in people with iRBD than in controls. Regarding functional connectivity, there were significant interactions between the REM sleep state and group at alpha (p = 0.029), sigma (p = 0.047), beta (p = 0.015), and gamma (p = 0.046) bands. The average wPLI was significantly higher during phasic REM sleep than during tonic REM sleep, which was observed in people with iRBD but not in controls. The altered functional connections mainly involved the frontal and parietal regions at beta and gamma bands. Conclusions Our findings provide neurophysiological evidence for pathological motor cortex activation during phasic REM sleep which may be associated with generation of dream-enacting behaviors in iRBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Su Cha
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ick Byun
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Jun
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Lim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Carlos H Schenck
- Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, and Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Simor P, van Der Wijk G, Gombos F, Kovács I. The paradox of rapid eye movement sleep in the light of oscillatory activity and cortical synchronization during phasic and tonic microstates. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
20
|
Tamaki M, Sasaki Y. Surveillance During REM Sleep for the First-Night Effect. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1161. [PMID: 31736695 PMCID: PMC6828645 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We experience disturbed sleep in a new place, and this effect is known as the first-night effect (FNE) in sleep research. We previously demonstrated that the FNE is associated with a surveillance system in one brain hemisphere during NREM sleep, which manifests as interhemispheric asymmetry in sleep depth in the default-mode network (DMN) and increased vigilance toward monitoring external stimuli. This surveillance system may be useful for protecting vulnerable sleepers from abnormal events in unfamiliar environments. The present study investigated whether a similar surveillance system is exhibited during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The impacts of the FNE could be different between the phasic period, in which eyes move rapidly, and the tonic period, in which eye movement ceases, of REM sleep; without the FNE, vigilance to external stimuli is generally reduced during the phasic period but not the tonic period. Thus, REM sleep was split into phasic and tonic periods. First, we replicated previous findings showing interhemispheric asymmetry in delta activity in the DMN associated with the FNE during NREM sleep. However, during REM sleep, interhemispheric asymmetry in delta activity or theta activities, two oscillatory activities during REM sleep, was not found during the phasic or tonic periods. Next, we tested whether vigilance, as measured by evoked brain responses (P2) to deviant tones, associated with the FNE was increased in one hemisphere during REM sleep. The P2 amplitudes during the phasic period were augmented by the FNE on day 1 and were significantly larger than those on day 2 when the FNE was not present. In contrast, the P2 amplitudes during the tonic period were not different across days. The P2 amplitudes showed no interhemispheric asymmetry during the phasic or tonic periods. These results suggest that while the surveillance system exhibits interhemispheric asymmetry in sleep depth and vigilance during NREM sleep, this system shows no interhemispheric asymmetry in oscillatory activities and exhibits increased vigilance in both hemispheres only during the phasic period of REM sleep. Therefore, the surveillance system associated with the FNE may involve different mechanisms during NREM and REM sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zacharias N, Musso F, Müller F, Lammers F, Saleh A, London M, de Boer P, Winterer G. Ketamine effects on default mode network activity and vigilance: A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover simultaneous fMRI/EEG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:107-119. [PMID: 31532029 PMCID: PMC7268043 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In resting‐state functional connectivity experiments, a steady state (of consciousness) is commonly supposed. However, recent research has shown that the resting state is a rather dynamic than a steady state. In particular, changes of vigilance appear to play a prominent role. Accordingly, it is critical to assess the state of vigilance when conducting pharmacodynamic studies with resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using drugs that are known to affect vigilance such as (subanesthetic) ketamine. In this study, we sought to clarify whether the previously described ketamine‐induced prefrontal decrease of functional connectivity is related to diminished vigilance as assessed by electroencephalography (EEG). We conducted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study with subanesthetic S‐Ketamine in N = 24 healthy, young subjects by simultaneous acquisition of resting‐state fMRI and EEG data. We conducted seed‐based default mode network functional connectivity and EEG power spectrum analyses. After ketamine administration, decreased functional connectivity was found in medial prefrontal cortex whereas increased connectivities were observed in intraparietal cortices. In EEG, a shift of energy to slow (delta, theta) and fast (gamma) wave frequencies was seen in the ketamine condition. Frontal connectivity is negatively related to EEG gamma and theta activity while a positive relationship is found for parietal connectivity and EEG delta power. Our results suggest a direct relationship between ketamine‐induced functional connectivity changes and the concomitant decrease of vigilance in EEG. The observed functional changes after ketamine administration may serve as surrogate end points and provide a neurophysiological framework, for example, for the antidepressant action of ketamine (trial name: 29JN1556, EudraCT Number: 2009‐012399‐28).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Zacharias
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Musso
- Department of Psychiatry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Müller
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lammers
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Saleh
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie und Kinderradiologie, Klinikum Schwabing, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus London
- Early Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Neuss, Germany
| | - Peter de Boer
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Georg Winterer
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Whitehead K, Slobodina M, Meek J, Fabrizi L. Fronto-central slow cortical activity is attenuated during phasic events in rapid eye movement sleep at full-term birth. Early Hum Dev 2019; 136:45-48. [PMID: 31302388 PMCID: PMC6697120 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Delta and theta power across fronto-central regions is lower during phasic (saccadic eye movements) than tonic rapid eye movement (active) sleep in full-term infants (n = 15). This indicates that the behavioural-electrophysiological pillars of rapid eye movement sleep micro-architecture are in place at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Slobodina
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Judith Meek
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Lorenzo Fabrizi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Weber FD. Sleep: Eye-Opener Highlights Sleep's Organization. Curr Biol 2018; 28:R217-R220. [PMID: 29510110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
What can eyes tell us about what happens during sleep? Their movements split sleep into two distinct states - rapid-eye-movement (REM) or non-REM sleep. A new study now reveals that periodic pupil constrictions are linked to non-REM sleep plunging into deeper offline states and back about every minute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik D Weber
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Singh LK, Nizamie SH, Tikka SK. Sleep architecture and EEG power spectra in recently detoxified alcohol dependent patients. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 32:126-136. [PMID: 29248868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Persistent sleep abnormalities during abstinence are a harbinger for relapse in patients with chronic alcohol dependence. The present study aimed to compare polysomnography (PSG) data between 'recently detoxified' patients with chronic alcohol dependence and healthy controls. METHODS Both conventional sleep architectural and power spectral analyses were conducted. Twenty subjects in each of the groups were enrolled. A 2 nights' sleep (first-habituation and second-experimental) PSG data was collected. Computer assisted scoring supplemented by manual method using the Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria were used for sleep staging. Twenty eight channels were used for the EEG recording. Spectral power across early NREM (Non-rapid-eye-movement), Slow Wave Sleep and REM was computed using the Welch's averaged periodogram method. RESULTS Results on conventional sleep staging showed that patients had significantly lesser total sleep time, sleep efficiency and stage shifts and longer sleep onset latency; while duration of each NREM stages were significantly lower, and latency of stage 2 NREM was significantly longer in patients. After controlling for multiple comparisons, spectral power analysis revealed significant differences only during REM sleep and specifically in high frequency (beta and gamma) bands. CONCLUSIONS Stating the mutually complementary role of conventional and spectral analyses of polysomnography EEG data, we conclude that sleep abnormalities are fairly evident in recently detoxified alcohol dependent patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumar Singh
- Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur
| | - S Haque Nizamie
- Formerly Director and Professor of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi
| | - Sai Krishna Tikka
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Simor P, Gombos F, Blaskovich B, Bódizs R. Long-range alpha and beta and short-range gamma EEG synchronization distinguishes phasic and tonic REM periods. Sleep 2017; 41:4773864. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Nyírő Gyula Hospital, National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gombos
- Department of General Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Blaskovich
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
De Gennaro L, Gorgoni M, Reda F, Lauri G, Truglia I, Cordone S, Scarpelli S, Mangiaruga A, D’atri A, Lacidogna G, Ferrara M, Marra C, Rossini PM. The Fall of Sleep K-Complex in Alzheimer Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39688. [PMID: 28045040 PMCID: PMC5206737 DOI: 10.1038/srep39688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a slowing of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during wakefulness and -to some extent- sleep of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients (i.e., increased slow-frequency activity) was documented, recent findings in healthy elderly show a decreased 0.6-1 Hz slow wave activity (SWA) during NREM, which was associated to β-amyloid deposition and impaired hippocampal memory consolidation. We hypothesize that the apparent contradiction may be explained by the partial overlap between 0.6-1 Hz EEG activity and K-Complex (KC). According to this view, we studied both frontal KCs and SWA in 20 AD patients and 20 healthy age-matched controls (HC) during nightly sleep, under the hypothesis that KCs better discriminate patients from healthy elderly than ≤1 Hz SWA. A drastic decrease of KC density during stage 2 NREM was found in AD compared to HC. Patients show more than 40% reduction of the KC density, allowing a correct classification of 80%. On the other hand, ≤1 Hz SWA of AD patients is slightly (not significantly) higher in most cortical areas compared to HC. Although no significant changes of ≤1 Hz SWA are detectable over frontal areas in AD, KC density decreases over the same location, and its decrease is related to the cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Reda
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lauri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Truglia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Cordone
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aurora D’atri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Lacidogna
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Camillo Marra
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|