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Peng JY, Wang SY, Chen MQ, Liu CX, Zhao YT, Xu TS, Wu QL. Efficacy and relative safety of caplacizumab in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2024; 35:271-278. [PMID: 38874905 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (iTTP) is a rare microvascular disease characterized by severe disseminated microvascular thrombose-bleeding syndrome. Caplacizumab has been approved for the treatment of iTTP in combination with Plasma Exchange (PE) and immunosuppressive therapy, but its role in iTTP therapy remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the safety and efficacy of caplacizumab for the treatment of patients with iTTP. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) and reference lists of relevant articles to find articles published from 2015 to 2022. The time to normalization of the platelet count of the group caplacizumab is shorter than the group placebo (SMD = -0.72; 95% CI -0.88 to -0.56; P < 0.05). Caplacizumab reduced the incidence of mortality (OR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.18-0.92; P < 0.05), exacerbations (OR = 0.10; 95% CI 0.05-0.18; P < 0.05), and recurrence (OR = 0.17; 95% CI 0.06-0.50; P < 0.05). However, the bleeding events in the caplacizumab group were higher than those in the placebo group, especially severe bleeding events. There was no difference in ADAMTS13 activity and thromboembolic events between the two groups. Our analysis indicated that caplacizumab is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of iTTP. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022362370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Peng
- College of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Patır P, Önkibar N, Subari S, Eşkazan AE. Plasma cell-directed therapy strategies in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP). Transfusion 2024; 64:536-545. [PMID: 38235916 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Püsem Patır
- Department of Hematology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nurtaç Önkibar
- Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sedef Subari
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emre Eşkazan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Seguí IG, Mingot Castellano ME, Izquierdo CP, de la Rubia J. Should we consider caplacizumab as routine treatment for acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? An expert perspective on the pros and cons. Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:9-25. [PMID: 38353182 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2318347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare and life-threatening disorder. Caplacizumab has been the latest drug incorporated into the initial treatment of acute episodes, allowing for faster platelet recovery and a decrease in refractoriness, exacerbation, thromboembolic events, and mortality. However, caplacizumab is also associated with a bleeding risk and higher treatment costs, which prevent many centers from using it universally. AREAS COVERED Studies that included iTTP and/or caplacizumab to date were selected for this review using PubMed and MEDLINE platforms. We describe outcomes in the pre-caplacizumab era and after it, highlighting the benefits and risks of its use early in frontline, and also pointing out special situations that require careful management. EXPERT OPINION It is clear that the availability of caplacizumab has significantly and favorably impacted the management of iTTP patients. Whether this improvement is cost-effective still remains uncertain, and data on long-term sequelae and different healthcare systems will help to clarify this point. In addition, evidence of the bleeding/thrombotic risk of iTTP patients under this drug needs to be better addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Gómez Seguí
- Hematology Department institution, H. Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier de la Rubia
- Hematology Department institution, H. Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Internal Medicine, Universidad Católica "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain
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Arnaud A, Schilsky S, Lucia J, Maia M, Laredo F, Marques AP, Okada H, Roberts AW. Outcomes and Costs in Patients with Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Receiving Front-Line Versus Delayed Caplacizumab: A US Hospital Database Study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2024; 30:10760296241241525. [PMID: 38523315 PMCID: PMC10962044 DOI: 10.1177/10760296241241525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
European real-world data indicate that front-line treatment with caplacizumab is associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with delayed caplacizumab treatment. The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes in hospitalized patients with an immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) episode treated with front-line versus delayed caplacizumab in the US. This retrospective cohort analysis of a US hospital database included adult patients (≥18 years) with an acute iTTP episode (a diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy and ≥1 therapeutic plasma exchange [TPE] procedure) from January 21, 2019, to February 28, 2021. Unadjusted baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and costs were compared between patients who received front-line versus delayed (<2 vs ≥2 days after TPE initiation) caplacizumab treatment. Out of 39 patients, 16 (41.0%) received front-line and 23 (59.0%) received delayed treatment with caplacizumab. Baseline characteristics and symptoms were similar between the two groups. Patients who received front-line caplacizumab treatment had significantly fewer TPE administrations (median: 5.0 vs 12.0); and a significantly shorter hospital stay (median: 9.0 days vs 16.0 days) than patients receiving delayed caplacizumab therapy. Both of these were significantly lower in comparison of means (t-test P < .01). Median inpatient costs (inclusive of caplacizumab costs) were 54% higher in the delayed treated patients than in the front-line treated patients (median: $112 711 vs $73 318). TPE-specific cost was lower in the front-line treated cohort (median: $6 989 vs $10 917). In conclusion, front-line treatment with caplacizumab had shorter hospitalizations, lower healthcare resource utilization, and lower costs than delayed caplacizumab treatment after TPE therapy.
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Butt A, Allen C, Purcell A, Ito S, Goshua G. Global Health Resource Utilization and Cost-Effectiveness of Therapeutics and Diagnostics in Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). J Clin Med 2023; 12:4887. [PMID: 37568288 PMCID: PMC10420213 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we examine the current landscape of health resource utilization and cost-effectiveness data in the care of patient populations with immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. We focus on the therapeutic (therapeutic plasma exchange, glucocorticoids, rituximab, caplacizumab) and diagnostic (ADAMTS13 assay) health technologies employed in the care of patients with this rare disease. Health resource utilization and cost-effectiveness data are limited to the high-income country context. Measurement of TTP-specific utility weights in the high-income country context and collection of health resource utilization data in the low- and middle-income country settings would enable an evaluation of country-specific quality-adjusted life expectancy and cost-effectiveness of these therapeutic and diagnostic health technologies. This quantification of value is one way to mitigate cost concerns where they exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Butt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Cecily Allen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Satoko Ito
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - George Goshua
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Soto-Mora JA, Gómez-Espitia LM, Lasalvia P, Castellanos Moreno CA, Casallas Vanegas CA, Londoño Gutiérrez SA. Effectiveness and safety of caplacizumab in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: health technology assessment and classification according to the methodology established in Colombia. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2023; 39:e48. [PMID: 37476982 DOI: 10.1017/s0266462323000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP) is a rare hematological disease whose clinical management includes caplacizumab along with plasma exchange and immunosuppression, according to international guidelines. Caplacizumab has been available in Colombia since 2022. This study seeks to determine the therapeutic classification of caplacizumab according to the methodology of the Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud. METHODS The classification was carried out through a deliberative process following the modified Delphi technique, with a panel of experts, made up of four hemato-oncologists, a pharmaceutical chemist, and a patient. The results of effectiveness and safety obtained through a systematic review, therapeutic thresholds (clinical significance), and degree of acceptability (willingness to use the technology) were used for the classification. RESULTS Fourteen effectiveness and safety outcomes were submitted for the classification process. Caplacizumab showed clinical significance for some effectiveness outcomes, was not considered inferior in terms of safety, and displayed acceptability of use. Through consensus, the panel determined that caplacizumab plus the standard regimen is superior to the standard regimen in terms of treatment response and composite outcome, and no different for the other effectiveness and safety outcomes. Likewise, in overall terms, the panel determined that caplacizumab together with the standard regimen is superior to the standard regimen. CONCLUSION Treatment with caplacizumab together with the standard regimen was considered superior to the standard regimen for the treatment of patients with aTTP, as it showed clinically significant benefits in critical outcomes for decision making, and a safety profile no different to its comparator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahir A Soto-Mora
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, NeuroEconomix, Bogotá, Colombia
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Völker LA, Kaufeld J, Balduin G, Merkel L, Kühne L, Eichenauer DA, Osterholt T, Hägele H, Kann M, Grundmann F, Kolbrink B, Schulte K, Gäckler A, Kribben A, Boss K, Potthoff SA, Rump LC, Schmidt T, Mühlfeld AS, Schulmann K, Hermann M, Gaedeke J, Sauerland K, Bramstedt J, Hinkel UP, Miesbach W, Bauer F, Westhoff TH, Bruck H, Buxhofer-Ausch V, Müller TJ, Wendt R, Harth A, Schreiber A, Seelow E, Tölle M, Gohlisch C, Bieringer M, Geuther G, Jabs WJ, Fischereder M, von Bergwelt-Baildon A, Schönermarck U, Knoebl P, Menne J, Brinkkoetter PT. Impact of first-line use of caplacizumab on treatment outcomes in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:559-572. [PMID: 36696206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The von Willebrand factor-directed nanobody caplacizumab has greatly changed the treatment of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) in recent years. Data from randomized controlled trials established efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVES This study aims to address open questions regarding patient selection, tailoring of therapy duration, obstacles in prescribing caplacizumab in iTTP, effect on adjunct treatment, and outcomes in the real-world setting. METHODS We report retrospective, observational cohorts of 113 iTTP episodes treated with caplacizumab and 119 historical control episodes treated without caplacizumab. We aggregated data from the caplacizumab phase II/III trials and real-world data from France, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Austria (846 episodes, 396 treated with caplacizumab, and 450 historical controls). RESULTS Caplacizumab was efficacious in iTTP, independent of the timing of therapy initiation, but curtailed the time of active iTTP only when used in the first-line therapy within 72 hours after diagnosis and until at least partial ADAMTS13-activity remission. Aggregated data from multiple study populations showed that caplacizumab use resulted in significant absolute risk reduction of 2.87% for iTTP-related mortality (number needed to treat 35) and a relative risk reduction of 59%. CONCLUSION Caplacizumab should be used in first line and until ADAMTS13-remission, lowers iTTP-related mortality and refractoriness, and decreases the number of daily plasma exchange and hospital stay. This trial is registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov as #NCT04985318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus A Völker
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Kaufeld
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesa Balduin
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Merkel
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucas Kühne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis A Eichenauer
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Osterholt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Hägele
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Kann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kolbrink
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kevin Schulte
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Gäckler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristina Boss
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Potthoff
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, Germany
| | - Lars C Rump
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, Germany
| | - Tilman Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Anja S Mühlfeld
- Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karsten Schulmann
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie Palliativmedizin und Stammzelltransplantation, Klinikum Hochsauerland GmbH, Walburga Krankenhaus Meschede, Meschede, Germany; MVZ Hochsauerland GmbH, Praxis für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hermann
- Medizinische Klinik V, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Bamberg
| | - Jens Gaedeke
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Sauerland
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Stammzelltransplantation und Palliativmedizin, Johannesstift, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Bramstedt
- Medizinische Klinik II Sektion Nephrologie, Klinikum Bremerhaven Reinkenheide, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ulrich P Hinkel
- Klinik für Nephrologie, Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Miesbach
- Department of Hemostaseology-Hemophilia Center, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frederic Bauer
- Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Timm H Westhoff
- Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Heike Bruck
- Medical Clinic III, Helios Hospital Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch
- Department of Internal Medicine I with Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Tobias J Müller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Ralph Wendt
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Tropical Medicine, Nephrology/KfH Renal Unit and Rheumatology, St. Georg Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Harth
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, and Medical Intensive Care, University Witten/Herdecke, Medical Centre Cologne-Merheim, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adrian Schreiber
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelyn Seelow
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Tölle
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Cooperate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Gohlisch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Cooperate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bieringer
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Helios Klinik Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gesa Geuther
- Nordbadpraxis München-Praxis für Innere Medizin, Schwerpunktpraxis für Hämatologie, Onkologie, HIV und Palliativmedizin, München, Germany
| | - Wolfram J Jabs
- Department of Nephrology, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fischereder
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Schönermarck
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Knoebl
- Division of Hematology and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Menne
- KRH Klinikum Mitte-Location Siloah, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany.
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Meek B, Desai N, Moore DC, Tran T, Knovich MA, Arnall J. Real-world experience and considerations on concomitant caplacizumab and anticoagulation in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:457-459. [PMID: 36441262 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-05049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benson Meek
- Specialty Pharmacy Service, Atrium Health, 4400 Golf Acres Drive, Building J Suite B1, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Nuti Desai
- WakeMed Health and Hospitals, 3000 New Bern Avenue, Raleigh, NC, 27610, USA
| | - Donald C Moore
- Levine Cancer Institute, 1021 Morehead Medical Dr., Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - Thuy Tran
- Specialty Pharmacy Service, Atrium Health, 4400 Golf Acres Drive, Building J Suite B1, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Mary Ann Knovich
- Levine Cancer Institute, 1021 Morehead Medical Dr., Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - Justin Arnall
- Specialty Pharmacy Service, Atrium Health, 4400 Golf Acres Drive, Building J Suite B1, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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Mahmoud AA, Eltaher B, Hashem A. Caplacizumab in the successful management of cardiac involvement in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2022; 35:832-833. [DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2022.2101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Mahmoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York
| | - Basant Eltaher
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anas Hashem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York
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Mingot Castellano ME, Pascual Izquierdo C, González A, Viejo Llorente A, Valcarcel Ferreiras D, Sebastián E, García Candel F, Sarmiento Palao H, Gómez Seguí I, de la Rubia J, Cid J, Martínez Nieto J, Hernández Mateo L, Goterris Viciedo R, Fidalgo T, Salinas R, Del Rio-Garma J. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Med Clin (Barc) 2022; 158:630.e1-630.e14. [PMID: 34266669 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by the development of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and ischaemic organ dysfunction associated with ADAMTS13 levels lower than 10% in most cases. Recently there have been numerous advances in the field of PTT, new, rapid and accessible techniques capable of quantifying ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors. The massive sequencing systems facilitate the identification of polymorphisms in the ADAMTS13 gene. In addition, new drugs such as caplacizumab have appeared and relapse prevention strategies are being proposed with the use of rituximab. The existence of TTP patient registries allow a deeper understanding of this disease but the great variability in the diagnosis and treatment makes it necessary to elaborate guidelines that homogenize terminology and clinical practice. The recommendations set out in this document were prepared following the AGREE methodology. The research questions were formulated according to the PICO format. A search of the literature published during the last 10 years was carried out. The recommendations were established by consensus among the entire group, specifying the existing strengths and limitations according to the level of evidence obtained. In conclusion, this document contains recommendations on the management, diagnosis, and treatment of TTP with the ultimate objective of developing guidelines based on the evidence published to date that allow healthcare professionals to optimize TTP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ataulfo González
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario de San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - Aurora Viejo Llorente
- Servicio de Hematología, Área de Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - David Valcarcel Ferreiras
- Unidad de Hematología Intensiva y Terapia Celular, Departamento de Hematología, Instituto de Oncología Vall d'Hebron (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Elena Sebastián
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - Faustino García Candel
- Sección de Hemostasia y Trombosis, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | | | - Inés Gómez Seguí
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Javier de la Rubia
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Joan Cid
- Unidad de Aféresis y Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hemoterapia y Hemostasia, Institut Clínic de Malalties Hematològiques i Oncològiques (ICMHO). Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Jorge Martínez Nieto
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemostasia, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdissC), Madrid, España
| | - Luis Hernández Mateo
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital General de Alicante, Valencia, España
| | - Rosa Goterris Viciedo
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Clínico Valencia. INCLIVA, Valencia, España
| | - Teresa Fidalgo
- Departamento de Hematología Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ramon Salinas
- Banc de Sang i Teixits de Catalunya, Barcelona, España
| | - Julio Del Rio-Garma
- Servicio de Transfusión. Servicio de Hematología. Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Galicia, España.
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Graça NAG, Joly BS, Voorberg J, Vanhoorelbeke K, Béranger N, Veyradier A, Coppo P. TTP: From empiricism for an enigmatic disease to targeted molecular therapies. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:156-170. [PMID: 35146746 PMCID: PMC9304236 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 100th anniversary of the first description of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) as a disease by Dr. Eli Moschcowitz approaches. For many decades, TTP remained mostly a mysterious fatal condition, where diagnosis was often post-mortem. Initially a pentad of symptoms was identified, a pattern that later revealed to be fallible. Sporadic observations led to empiric interventions that allowed for the first impactful breakthrough in TTP treatment, almost 70 years after its first description: the introduction of plasma exchange and infusions as treatments. The main body of knowledge within the field was gathered in the latest three decades: patient registries were set and proved crucial for advancements; the general mechanisms of disease have been described; the diagnosis was refined; new treatments and biomarkers with improvements on prognosis and management were introduced. Further changes and improvements are expected in the upcoming decades. In this review, we provide a brief historic overview of TTP, as an illustrative example of the success of translational medicine enabling to rapidly shift from a management largely based on empiricism to targeted therapies and personalized medicine, for the benefit of patients. Current management options and present and future perspectives in this still evolving field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno A. G. Graça
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin‐Academic Medical CenterLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bérangère S. Joly
- Service d'hématologie biologique and EA3518‐ Institut universitaire d'hématologieGroupe Hospitalier Saint Louis‐Lariboisière, AP‐HP, Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
- Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies ThrombotiquesHôpital Saint‐Antoine, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin‐Academic Medical CenterLandsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life SciencesKU Leuven Campus Kulak KortrijkKortrijkBelgium
| | - Nicolas Béranger
- Service d'hématologie biologique and EA3518‐ Institut universitaire d'hématologieGroupe Hospitalier Saint Louis‐Lariboisière, AP‐HP, Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
- Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies ThrombotiquesHôpital Saint‐Antoine, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Agnès Veyradier
- Service d'hématologie biologique and EA3518‐ Institut universitaire d'hématologieGroupe Hospitalier Saint Louis‐Lariboisière, AP‐HP, Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
- Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies ThrombotiquesHôpital Saint‐Antoine, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Paul Coppo
- Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies ThrombotiquesHôpital Saint‐Antoine, AP‐HPParisFrance
- Service d'HématologieHôpital Saint‐Antoine, AP‐HPParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC Univ ParisParisFrance
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12
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Dainese C, Valeri F, Pizzo E, Valpreda A, Sivera P, Montaruli B, Porreca A, Massaia M, Bruno B, Borchiellini A. ADAMTS13 Autoantibodies and Burden of Care in Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura: New Evidence and Future Implications. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221125785. [PMID: 36124377 PMCID: PMC9490478 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221125785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction Caplacizumab in the management of Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) has raised different questions, considering its cost-efficacy and the optimal immunosuppressive treatment (IST) to associate. A retrospective multicenter collection of 42 first iTTP cases was conducted to identify variables associated with a higher burden of care and necessity of an implemented IST with early Rituximab (RTX) rescue. A significant correlation resulted between ADAMTS13 inhibitors (ADAMTS13inh) at diagnosis with total plasma exchange (PEXtot) and PEX needed to achieve clinical response (PEXtoCR, r = 0.46; r = 0.48), along with age (r = - 0.31; r = -0.35), platelet count (r = -0.30; r = -0.30), LDH (r = 0.44; r = 0.41) and total bilirubin (r = 0.54; r = 0.35). ADAMTS13inh also correlated with number of days of hospitalization (DoH, r = 0.44). A significant difference was observed in terms of median ADAMTS13inh titer at diagnosis in patient treated with RTX rescue and those responding to only steroid treatment. Thus, ADAMTS13inh titer resulted a marker of iTTP burden of care, associated with higher number of PEXtot, PEXtoCR, DoH and higher probability of needing RTX rescue to achieve clinical response and could be a useful tool for management of new iTTP cases and an interesting variable to optimize iTTP cases stratification in future Caplacizumab cost-efficacy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Dainese
- Regional Reference Center for Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic disorders of the adult, Department of Hematology and Oncology, 18691Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino - Molinette, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Valeri
- Regional Reference Center for Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic disorders of the adult, Department of Hematology and Oncology, 18691Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino - Molinette, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pizzo
- School of Medicine, Study University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Piera Sivera
- Hematology Unit, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, 10128, Italy
| | - Barbara Montaruli
- Laboratory Analysis, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128, Turin, Italy
| | - Annamaria Porreca
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnologies Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Division of Hematology, "Santa Croce e Carle di Cuneo" Hospital, 12100, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino - Molinette, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Borchiellini
- Regional Reference Center for Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic disorders of the adult, Department of Hematology and Oncology, 18691Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino - Molinette, 10126, Turin, Italy
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13
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Waldvogel Abramowski S. Hemolysis: Mechanism and clinico-biological consequences. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 28:364-366. [PMID: 34464714 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2021.08.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemolysis is a clinical entity, which can be severe. It is commonly of multifactorial etiology. The activity of a specialist in transfusion medicine consists in treating the patient with transfusion support in case of severe anemia. If the etiology is partly alloimmune this therapeutic strategy is more arduous. Immunohematological work-up must be very rigorous to ensure transfusion management with utmost safety. However, without the precise knowledge of both the clinical condition and the treatment (current and past) of the patient, such management is impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waldvogel Abramowski
- Département de médecine, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 4, rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211 Genève, Switzerland.
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14
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[Treatment of immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A decisive turning point]. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 28:380-385. [PMID: 34464709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2021.08.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare and life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by severe deficiency of ADAMTS13, the enzyme that cleaves von Willebrand factor multimers. Recent insights into iTTP pathophysiology have led to the development of new therapies targeting ADAMTS13 replacement, anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies, and von Willebrand factor-platelet interactions. New maximalist therapeutic strategies are emerging based on triple therapy. While plasma exchange remains the cornerstone therapy of the acute phase, the introduction of front-line immunosuppressive treatments, corticosteroids and rituximab, has led to a reduction in exacerbations and relapses but without any significant improvement in survival. Caplacizumab, a bivalent humanized anti-von Willebrand factor nanobody, is poised to revolutionize the treatment of the acute phase. By inhibiting the interaction between von Willebrand factor multimers and platelets, caplacizumab prevents platelets adhesion, prevents the formation of new microthrombi and protects organs from ischemia. Its early combination with plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy prevents unfavorable outcomes and reduces the burden of care. Supported by repeated ADAMTS13 assays, rituximab prevents relapse in patients with persistent or recurrent ADAMTS13 deficiency in clinical remission. This review examines how advances in diagnostics and targeted therapies are changing the current treatment paradigm in both the acute and remission phases and are contributing to dramatically improve the iTTP prognosis.
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Zheng XL. The standard of care for immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura today. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1864-1871. [PMID: 34060225 PMCID: PMC8324529 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) requires acurate and prompt diagnosis and differentiation from complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome and other causes of thrombotic microangiopathy. ADAMTS-13 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin-1 Domain, member 13) evaluation (activity and inhibitors or anti-ADAMTS-13 IgG) is the key for diagnosis and further management of patients with suspected iTTP during acute episode and in clinical response or remission. Clinical trial results and real-world data have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the triple therapy consisting of therapeutic plasma exchange, caplacizumab, and immunosuppressives (e.g., corticosteroids and rituximab) for acute iTTP. Such a therapeutic strategy has significantly accelerated the normalization of platelet counts, decreased the length of stays in the intensive care unit and the hospital, but most importantly reduced the mortality rate. The present review highlights some of the important advancements for the diagnosis and management of iTTP and proposes triple therapy as the standard of care for acute iTTP today.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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16
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Elverdi T, Özer Çerme MD, Aydın T, Eşkazan AE. Do patients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura receiving caplacizumab need antithrombotic therapy? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:1183-1188. [PMID: 34130583 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1944102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuğrul Elverdi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Dila Özer Çerme
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine,Istanbul University-Cerrahpa#x15F;a, Fatih,Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Tahacan Aydın
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine,Istanbul University-Cerrahpa#x15F;a, Fatih,Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emre Eşkazan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Lemiale V, Valade S, Mariotte E. Unresponsive Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): Challenges and Solutions. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2021; 17:577-587. [PMID: 34113115 PMCID: PMC8185636 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s205632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy secondary to a severely decreased A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin type 1 repeats 13 (ADAMTS13) activity, resulting in the formation of widespread von Willebrand factor - and platelet-rich microthrombi. ADAMTS13 deficiency is mainly acquired through anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies in adults. With modern standards of care, unresponsive TTP has become rarer with a frequency of refractory/relapsing forms dropping from >40% to <10%. As patients with unresponsive TTP are at increased risk of mortality, prompt recognition and early therapeutic intensification are mandatory. Therapeutic options at the disposal of clinicians caring for patients with refractory TTP consist of increased ADAMTS13 supplementation, increased immunosuppression, and inhibition of von Willebrand factor adhesion to platelets. In this work, we focus on possible therapies for the management of patients with unresponsive TTP, and propose an algorithm for the management of these difficult cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Lemiale
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint Louis University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Valade
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint Louis University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Mariotte
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint Louis University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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