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Frickmann H, Loderstädt U, Nickel B, Poppert S, Odermatt P, Sayasone S, Van Esbroeck M, Micalessi I, Cnops L, Adisakwattana P, Leboulle G, Landt O, Thye T, Tannich E. Low Sensitivity of Real Time PCRs Targeting Retrotransposon Sequences for the Detection of Schistosoma japonicum Complex DNA in Human Serum. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081067. [PMID: 34451531 PMCID: PMC8398367 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While hybridization probe-based real-time PCR assays targeting highly repetitive multi-copy genome sequences for the diagnosis of S. mansoni complex or S. haematobium complex from human serum are well established, reports on the evaluation of respective assays for the identification of S. japonicum complex DNA in human serum are scarce. Here, we assessed the potential use of the retrotransposon sequences SjR2 and SjCHGCS19 from S. japonicum, S. mekongi and S. malayensis for the diagnosis of Asian Schistosoma infections. Based on available S. japonicum sequences and newly provided S. mekongi and S. malayensis sequences, hybridization probe-based real-time PCRs targeting SjR2 and SjCHGCS19 of the S. japonicum complex were designed both as consensus primer assays as well as multi-primer assays for the coverage of multiple variants of the target sequences. The assays were established using plasmids and S. mekongi DNA. While the consensus primer assays failed to detect S. mekongi DNA in human serum samples, the multi-primer assays showed positive or borderline positive results but only in 9.8% (6/61) of serum samples from patients with confirmed S. mekongi infections. Some cross-reactions with samples positive for S. mansoni or S. haematobium were observed but with the SjCHGCS19-PCR only. In spite of the low sensitivity, the presented experience may guide future evaluations of S. japonicum-complex-specific PCRs from human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (E.T.); Tel.: +49-40-6947-28743 (H.F.); +49-40-42828-260 (E.T.)
| | - Ulrike Loderstädt
- Department of Hospital Hygiene & Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Beatrice Nickel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; (B.N.); (S.P.); (P.O.)
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Poppert
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; (B.N.); (S.P.); (P.O.)
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; (B.N.); (S.P.); (P.O.)
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Somphou Sayasone
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Vientiane Capital 01000, Laos;
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.V.E.); (I.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Isabel Micalessi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.V.E.); (I.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Lieselotte Cnops
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.V.E.); (I.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | | | - Olfert Landt
- TIB MOLBIOL, 12103 Berlin, Germany; (G.L.); (O.L.)
| | - Thorsten Thye
- Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Egbert Tannich
- National Reference Centre for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (E.T.); Tel.: +49-40-6947-28743 (H.F.); +49-40-42828-260 (E.T.)
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Asian Schistosomiasis: Current Status and Prospects for Control Leading to Elimination. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4010040. [PMID: 30813615 PMCID: PMC6473711 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an infectious disease caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma. Worldwide, an estimated 250 million people are infected with these parasites with the majority of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Within Asia, three species of Schistosoma cause disease. Schistosoma japonicum is the most prevalent, followed by S. mekongi and S. malayensis. All three species are zoonotic, which causes concern for their control, as successful elimination not only requires management of the human definitive host, but also the animal reservoir hosts. With regard to Asian schistosomiasis, most of the published research has focused on S. japonicum with comparatively little attention paid to S. mekongi and even less focus on S. malayensis. In this review, we examine the three Asian schistosomes and their current status in their endemic countries: Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Thailand (S. mekongi); Malaysia (S. malayensis); and Indonesia, People's Republic of China, and the Philippines (S. japonicum). Prospects for control that could potentially lead to elimination are highlighted as these can inform researchers and disease control managers in other schistosomiasis-endemic areas, particularly in Africa and the Americas.
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Mu A, Fernandes I, Phillips D. A 57-Year-Old Woman With a Cecal Mass. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:703-5. [PMID: 27521443 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anandit Mu
- Fresno Medical Education Program, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ingrid Fernandes
- Fresno Medical Education Program, University of California, San Francisco
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van Lieshout L, Roestenberg M. Clinical consequences of new diagnostic tools for intestinal parasites. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:520-8. [PMID: 25843505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following the success of nucleic acid-based detection in virology and bacteriology, multiplex real-time PCRs are increasingly used as first-line diagnostics in clinical parasitology, replacing microscopy. The detection and quantification of parasite-specific DNA in faeces is highly sensitive and specific and allows for cost-effective high-throughput screening. In this paper we discuss the clinical consequences of this radical change in diagnostic approach, as well as its potential drawbacks. In the Netherlands, routine diagnostic laboratories have been pioneering the implementation of multiplex real-time PCR for the detection of pathogenic intestinal protozoa and this has resulted in increased detection rates of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. As a consequence of this new diagnostic approach, expertise in the field of parasite morphology by conventional light microscopy seems to be disappearing in most of the high-throughput microbiological laboratories. As a result, to maintain a high standard of care, a formalized exchange of critical information between clinicians and laboratory staff is necessary to determine the most appropriate testing either in local laboratories or in reference centres, based on clinical signs and symptoms, exposure and immune status. If such a diagnostic algorithm is lacking, important infections in travellers, immigrants and immunocompromised patients may be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van Lieshout
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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van Dam GJ, Odermatt P, Acosta L, Bergquist R, de Dood CJ, Kornelis D, Muth S, Utzinger J, Corstjens PL. Evaluation of banked urine samples for the detection of circulating anodic and cathodic antigens in Schistosoma mekongi and S. japonicum infections: a proof-of-concept study. Acta Trop 2015; 141:198-203. [PMID: 25225158 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Asia, Schistosoma japonicum is the predominant schistosome species, while Schistosoma mekongi is confined to limited foci in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic. While the People's Republic of China has been successful in controlling schistosomiasis, the disease remains a major public health issue in other areas. In order to prioritise intervention areas, not only accurate diagnosis is important but also other factors, such as practicality, time-efficiency and cost-effectiveness, since they strongly influence the success of control programmes. To evaluate the highly specific urine-based assays for the schistosome circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) and the circulating anodic antigen (CAA), banked urine samples from Cambodia (n=106) and the Philippines (n=43) were examined by the upconverted phosphor lateral flow (UCP-LF) CAA assay and the point-of-care (POC)-CCA urine assay. Based on 250 μl urine samples, UCP-LF CAA sensitivity outcomes surpassed a single stool examination by the Kato-Katz technique. The banked urine samples in the current study did not allow the evaluation of larger volumes, which conceivably should deliver considerably higher readings. The sensitivity of a single urine POC-CCA was in the same order as that of a single Kato-Katz thick smear examination, while the sensitivity approached that of triplicate Kato-Katz when a combination of both CAA and CCA assays was used. The promising results from the current proof-of-concept study call for larger investigations that will determine the accuracy of the urine-based CCA and CAA assays for S. mekongi and S. japonicum diagnosis.
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Nickel B, Sayasone S, Vonghachack Y, Odermatt P, Marti H. Schistosoma mansoni antigen detects Schistosoma mekongi infection. Acta Trop 2015; 141:310-4. [PMID: 25116398 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Northern Cambodia and Southern Laos are highly endemic for Schistosoma mekongi. However, there is currently no immunological assay available that is specific for this form of schistosomiasis. We have validated Schistosoma mansoni antigens to detect S. mekongi-directed antibodies in human sera collected from a highly S. mekongi endemic region in Laos. On two consecutive days stool samples of 234 individuals were analyzed by Kato-Katz for presence of S. mekongi eggs and the results were correlated with serology. A sensitivity of 94.5% was calculated for a combination of ELISA and indirect fluorescence assay (IFA) as compared to the detection of S. mekongi eggs in stool samples as gold standard. The results demonstrate that S. mansoni antigens can be used for the diagnosis of S. mekongi infections.
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Campa P, Develoux M, Belkadi G, Magne D, Lame C, Carayon MJ, Girard PM. Chronic Schistosoma mekongi in a traveler--a case report and review of the literature. J Travel Med 2014; 21:361-3. [PMID: 24912375 DOI: 10.1111/jtm.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Travel-related schistosomiasis can be detected in patients without symptoms of acute or chronic infection. A case of Schistosoma mekongi acquired in an endemic area of Laos and discovered unexpectedly from colon biopsies taken 5 years after infection is presented here. A literature review of previous cases of S. mekongi infection specifically associated with travelers is then presented.
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Soentjens P, Clerinx J, Aerssens A, Cnops L, Van Esbroeck M, Bottieau E. Diagnosing Acute Schistosomiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 58:304-5. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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