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Oyinloye TM, Jung H, Yoon WB. Developing a novel method to measure texture changes of semi-solid food during a continuous compressive motion with high deformation using repeatable dual extrusion cell (RDEC). Food Res Int 2023; 165:112571. [PMID: 36869461 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical changes during mastication are difficult to evaluate without using a novel method because the size of the sample is continuously and randomly reduced. The repeatable dual extrusion cell (RDEC) has been developed to measure the breakdown characteristics of a semi-solid food (i.e., minced pork gel) from initial solid states to a small particle size during repeated high deformation compressive motions. The force-time curve of RDEC was recorded, followed by a calculation of work values for each cycle and fitted by Peleg's model. The decrease of k1 (1.7-1.19) and k2 (1.56-1.42) values in Peleg's model with an increase of moisture content (56.5-62.5 %) indicated the easily deformable characteristics of soft food. During RDEC measurement, as long as the characteristic length of the sample was larger than the diameter of RDEC probe hole (>4.5 mm), the initial sample size showed no significant influence (p < 0.05) on the measurements. RDEC demonstrated similar ratios of particulate size with human subjects up till 20 cycles of processing. The equilibrium force value from RDEC and SEM images demonstrate that the connective tissue in pork gel mainly contributed to the end-product texture properties after continuous mastication. This study provided an application of the novel RDEC device to estimate the texture and structural changes of minced pork gel under a continuous high deformation compressive motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timilehin Martins Oyinloye
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwabin Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Byong Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Elder-Friendly Research Center, Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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2
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What is the food like that people choke on? A study on food bolus physical properties under different in vitro oral capacities. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112474. [PMID: 36869487 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
People with oral impairments, such as poor denture status, poor muscle strength, and poor salivary secretion, have more difficulties performing oral processes, which results in the risk of choking. In this study, we aimed to understand, in vitro, how different oral impairments can affect the oral processing of food reported as a choking hazard. Six foods that frequently cause choking were selected and studied, varying three in vitro factors at two levels-saliva incorporation amount, cutting activity, and compression action. The median particle size (a50) and the particle size heterogeneity (a75/25) of the food fragmentation, the hardness, and adhesiveness of the bolus formation, and the final cohesiveness of the bolus were studied. The results showed that all the parameters studied varied depending on the food product. High compression reduced a50 (except in mochi that increased) and a75/25 (except in eggs and fish) but increased bolus adhesion and particle aggregation (except for mochi). Regarding cutting activity, when performing a greater number of strokes, the particle size for sausage and egg, and the hardness of the bolus for mochi and sausage were lower. In contrast, for some food products, the bolus adhesiveness (bread) and particle aggregation (pineapple) were higher at a high number of strokes. The amount of saliva also played an important role in the creation of the bolus. When high amounts of saliva were added, the a50 values (mochi) and hardness (mochi, egg, and fish) decreased; and increased the adhesiveness (mochi) and particle aggregation (bread, pineapple, and sausage). When all oral factors are compromised (lack of muscle strength, denture status, and saliva secretion), some food products create a choking hazard as individuals cannot achieve the right particle size, bolus cohesiveness, and mechanical properties of the bolus to be safe to swallow, there is still a need to elaborate a guide, considering all the safety parameters.
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3
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Raja V, Priyadarshini SR, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. A dynamic in vitro oral mastication system to study the oral processing behavior of soft foods. Food Funct 2022; 13:10426-10438. [PMID: 36102637 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00789d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bolus-oriented artificial oral mastication system was developed to simulate the dynamics of food mastication in the human mouth. The system consists of a chewing unit, a bolus forming unit, and provisions for the dynamic incorporation of saliva during mastication. The system performance was validated with in vivo trials (n = 25) considering time-dependent changes in particle size, textural attributes and rheological behavior of the bolus. Idli, a fermented and steamed black gram-rice-based Indian food was considered the model soft food for all trials measured in triplicates. The mastication dynamics were evaluated by analyzing bolus properties during every 3 s of mastication. Large strain shear rheology tests revealed that the viscosity of the sample decreased over time. Results of in vivo trials follow close trends in particle size and rheological behavior and have no significant change in correlation with in vitro mastication results. Similar observations were made in the half softening time of idli during mastication as determined using the relative change in hardness (hardness ratio (Ht/H0)) values fitted to the Weibull model. Also, a model to simulate the time-dependent changes in bolus adhesiveness was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Raja
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur - 613005, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S R Priyadarshini
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur - 613005, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - J A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur - 613005, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur - 613005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Park YS, Hong HP, Ryu SR, Lee S, Shin WS. Effects of textured food masticatory performance in older people with different dental conditions. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:384. [PMID: 35501716 PMCID: PMC9059399 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological deterioration (aging, poor dental status, and reduced tongue pressure) makes chewing difficult. This study aimed to investigate the chewing patterns of older people with or without dentures, evaluate the textural and masticatory properties of texture-modified radish Kimchi, and investigate the correlation between dental status and tongue pressure. Additionally, differences in the subjective-objective concordance of texture-modified Kimchi were investigated using the preference test. METHODS This study included 32 Korean women aged between 65 and 85 years. Masticatory behavior was recorded by electromyography, and tongue pressure was measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. A preference test, with hardness as the relevant textural property, determined the participants' preferences among the test samples (food with a homogeneous structure-radish Kimchi). To assess preference differences, a questionnaire suitable for older people was designed. The preference for cooked radish Kimchi with various blanching times based on overall acceptability and self-reporting of preference was investigated to develop elderly-friendly food. The subjective scores indicated whether the sample (radish Kimchi) was hard or soft based on the chewing ability of the participants. Dental status, muscle activities, and tongue pressure were considered for the food design with optimized texture. The relationship between subject score and mastication properties were examined using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The number of chews and chewing time increased with hardness, significantly activating the masseter and temporalis muscles. The evaluation of masseter muscle activity, particularly for level-6 radish Kimchi, showed that older people with complete dentures chewed less actively than those with natural teeth (p < 0.05). The older people with natural teeth (18.94 ± 10.27 kPa) exhibited higher tongue pressure than those with complete dentures (10.81 ± 62.93 kPa), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Older people preferred food with familiar tastes and textures. An association was found between the subjective hardness score and the objective hardness level. The perceived hardness intensity was linked to the chewing ability of the participant. Denture wearers exhibited a lower chewing ability, and at level 6, they perceived greater hardness of food than those with natural teeth. CONCLUSIONS Developing food with a modified texture can bridge the gap between physiological and psychological aspects of food texture; texture-modified radish Kimchi, with limited blanching time, may be favorable for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sook Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Han-Pyo Hong
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Rack Ryu
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suyong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Weon-Sun Shin
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
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5
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Bikos D, Samaras G, Cann P, Masen M, Hardalupas Y, Charalambides M, Hartmann C, German J, Vieira J. Effect of structure on the mechanical and physical properties of chocolate considering time scale phenomena occurring during oral processing. FOOD STRUCTURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2021.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Sharma M, Pondicherry KS, Duizer L. Understanding relations between rheology, tribology, and sensory perception of modified texture foods. J Texture Stud 2021; 53:327-344. [PMID: 34921392 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine relations between instrumental and sensory parameters in a texture modified food matrix, with and without saliva. Nine pureed carrot samples (eight thickened and a control) were developed with starch (0.4 and 0.8% wt/wt), xanthan (0.2 and 0.4% wt/wt) or starch-xanthan blends that met International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) Level 4 guidelines using fork and spoon tests. Rheological and tribological tests were conducted on the food and simulated bolus prepared by adding fresh stimulated saliva to the food (1:5, saliva:food) to mimic oral processing. Perceived sensory properties were identified using a temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) test (n = 16) where panelists were given a list of nine attributes. The area under the curve was extracted from TDS curves for each attribute/sample and this was correlated with rheological (viscosity at 10 s-1 , G', G″, and tan δ at 1 Hz) and tribological (friction coefficient in three regimes) data. The viscosity of the control sample decreased after adding hydrocolloids (except Starch_0.8%) and with saliva incorporation. G' and G″ either increased or were similar for xanthan and blends and decreased for starch-thickened samples. Hydrocolloid addition increased friction for all samples and was higher with saliva addition. Sensory results showed that samples with starch were perceived as thick and grainy while xanthan was perceived as smooth and slippery. A greater number of sensory attributes correlated with viscoelastic parameters compared to friction coefficients. Correlations were highest with the saliva added samples, further highlighting the importance of including saliva during instrumental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sharma
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lisa Duizer
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Choy J, Goh A, Chatonidi G, Ponnalagu S, Wee S, Stieger M, Forde C. Impact of food texture modifications on oral processing behaviour, bolus properties and postprandial glucose responses. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:891-899. [PMID: 34917949 PMCID: PMC8646128 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated food texture manipulation on oral processing behaviour (OPB). We explored the effect of texture-differences of equivalent carbohydrate load on OPB, bolus properties and postprandial glycaemic responses (PPG). In a randomised cross-over, within-subjects, non-blinded design, healthy male participants (N = 39) consumed fixed portions of white rice (WR) and rice cake (RC) while being video recorded to measure microstructural eating behaviours. PPG was compared between test foods over a period of 120-min, and the bolus properties and saliva uptake at swallow were measured for both test foods. RC displayed higher instrumental hardness, chewiness and Young's modulus than WR (p = 0.01), and participants perceived RC as more springy and sticky than WR (p < 0.001). The RC meal was chewed more per bite (p < 0.001) and consumed at a faster eating rate (p = 0.033) than WR. WR bolus particles were smaller at swallow (p < 0.001) with a larger total surface area (p < 0.001), compared to RC. The glucose response for RC was significantly higher during the first 30-min postprandial period (p = 0.010), and lower in the later (30-120 min) postprandial period (p = 0.031) compared to WR. Total blood glucose iAUC did not differ significantly between WR and RC meals despite their large differences in texture, OPB and bolus properties. Oro-sensory exposure time was a significant predictor of glucose iAUC30min for both test meals (RC, p = 0.003; WR, p = 0.029). Saliva uptake in the bolus was significantly positively associated with blood glucose during the first 30-min postprandial period for the RC meal (p = 0.008), but not for WR. We conclude that food texture modifications can influence OPB and bolus properties which are key contributors to the dynamic evolution of the glycaemic response. Total blood glucose responses were the same for both test foods, though differences in oral processing and bolus properties influenced temporal changes in PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.Y.M. Choy
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - A.T. Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - G. Chatonidi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S. Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S.M.M. Wee
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - M. Stieger
- Wageningen University, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 17, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C.G. Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Wageningen University, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 17, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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8
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Sethupathy P, Priyadarshini SR, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Matrix‐dependent oral processing, oro‐sensory perception, and glycemic index of chocolate bars. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sethupathy
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Ministry of Food Processing Industries Government of India Thanjavur India
| | - S. R. Priyadarshini
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Ministry of Food Processing Industries Government of India Thanjavur India
| | - Jeyan A. Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Ministry of Food Processing Industries Government of India Thanjavur India
| | - Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM) ‐ Thanjavur Ministry of Food Processing Industries Government of India Thanjavur India
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9
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Asimi S, Xin R, Min Z, Dongxiao L, Sohail A, Meng L, Jie P, Zhenhua W, Shan L, Ziyuan W. Effect of oral processing on texture, rheology properties, and microstructure of three rice varieties. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sailimuhan Asimi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Ren Xin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Zhang Min
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Liu Dongxiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Amjad Sohail
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Li Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Peng Jie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Wang Zhenhua
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Liang Shan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Wang Ziyuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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10
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Lin S, Jin X, Gao J, Kim EHJ, Morgenstern MP, Dong Z, Ying J, Shao D, Zhao Q, Song X, Zhou W. Bread breakdown pathways during mastication: impact of wheat bran fortification. Food Funct 2021; 12:12265-12277. [PMID: 34779805 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of wheat bran fortification on the mastication process of bread. White wheat bread (WB) and bran-fortified wheat bread (BB) were consumed by eighteen panellists. The bolus was collected at four different mastication stages and characterized by properties of hydration, particle size, and texture. The results showed that there was no difference between the two bread samples in terms of swallowable bolus moisture. BB with a harder and denser texture produced more small particles and had a slightly shorter chewing time than WB during mastication. Moreover, bolus heterogeneity (D75/D25) indicated a distinct difference among mastication stages and revealed different disintegration pathways between the two samples: BB bolus exhibited a monotonous particle size reduction during mastication with reducing D50 and D75/D25; whereas, WB displayed a combination pattern of disintegration and agglomeration featuring relatively steady D50 and fluctuating D75/D25. It was concluded that bran fortification changed the bread breakdown pathways in terms of bread disintegration and bolus formation during the mastication process. This information offers new guidelines for fortifying innovative materials to manufacture foods specifically targeted for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore. .,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Jin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Esther H-J Kim
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Marco P Morgenstern
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Zhizhong Dong
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition & Foods, COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Jian Ying
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition & Foods, COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Danqing Shao
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition & Foods, COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Weibiao Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Jiangsu 215123, China
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11
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Asimi S, Ren X, Zhang M, Liu D, Lv Q, Wang Z, Liang S, Wang Z. Establishment of an oral processing model for three varieties of rice. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sailimuhan Asimi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Xin Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Qixin Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Shan Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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12
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Asimi S, Ren X, Zhang M, Zhongyan X, Amjad S, Liu D, Qixin L, Wang Z, Liang S, Wang Z. In vitro mastication of cooked rice: How it influences the bolus characteristics. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sailimuhan Asimi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Xin Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Xie Zhongyan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Sohail Amjad
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Lv Qixin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Shan Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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13
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Goh AT, Choy JYM, Chua XH, Ponnalagu S, Khoo CM, Whitton C, van Dam RM, Forde CG. Increased oral processing and a slower eating rate increase glycaemic, insulin and satiety responses to a mixed meal tolerance test. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2719-2733. [PMID: 33389082 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variations in specific oral processing behaviours may contribute to differences in glucose, insulin and satiety responses to a standardised test meal. This study tested how natural variations in oral processing between slower and faster eaters contribute to differences in post-prandial glucose (PP glucose), insulin response (PP insulin) and post-meal satiety for a standardised test meal. METHODS Thirty-three participants with higher risk for type 2 diabetes consumed a standardised test-meal while being video recorded to derive specific oral processing behaviours. Plasma glucose, insulin and satiety measures were collected at baseline, during and post meal. Participants were split into slower and faster eaters using median split based on their eating rates and individual bolus properties were analysed at the point of swallow. RESULTS There were large variations in eating rate (p < 0.001). While there was no significant difference in PP glucose response (p > 0.05), slower eaters showed significantly higher PP insulin between 45 and 60 min (p < 0.001). Slower eaters had longer oro-sensory exposure and increased bolus saliva uptake which was associated with higher PP glucose iAUC. Faster eating rate and larger bolus particle size at swallow correlated with lower PP glucose iAUC. A slower eating rate with greater chews per bite significantly increased insulin iAUC. Faster eaters also consistently rated their hunger and desire to eat higher than slower eaters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Natural variations in eating rate and the associated oral processing contributed to differences in PP glucose, PP insulin and satiety responses. Encouraging increased chewing and longer oral-exposure time during consumption, may promote early glucose absorption and greater insulin and satiety responses, and help support euglycaemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04522063.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ting Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jie Ying Michelle Choy
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xin Hui Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shalini Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Whitton
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob Martinus van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ciarán Gerard Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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14
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Impact of Individual Differences in Eating Rate on Oral Processing, Bolus Properties and Post-Meal Glucose Responses. Physiol Behav 2021; 238:113495. [PMID: 34116051 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Modifying food texture has been shown to influence oral processing behaviour. We explored the impact of food texture on oral processing, bolus formation and post-prandial glucose responses (PPG) among fast and slow eaters. METHODS Male participants (N=39) were split into fast or slow eaters based on natural differences in eating rate when consuming two carbohydrate-equivalent test-meals differing in texture (white rice and rice cake). PPG and satiety responses were compared for fast and slow eaters over 120-min for each test-meal. Each groups test-meal PPG was compared for bolus and saliva properties at the point of swallow. RESULTS White rice displayed lower instrumental hardness, chewiness and Young's modulus and was perceived less chewy, springy and sticky than rice cake. Slow eaters (n=24, white rice: 13.3 g/min; rice cake: 15.1 g/min) required an average 42% more chews per bite (p < 0.001), had 60% longer oral exposure time (OET), and consumed both test-meals (p < 0.001) at half the eating rate of fast eaters (n=15). Slow eaters had higher PPG following the rice cake meal at 15 (p = 0.046) and 45 min (p = 0.034) than fast eaters. A longer OET was a positive predictor of early PPG at 30-min after the white rice meal (β = 0.178, p = 0.041) and saliva uptake was a significant predictor (β = 0.458, p = 0.045) of PPG for slow eaters when consuming rice cake. Increasing food hardness and stiffness (Young's modulus) had a greater impact on eating rate for slow eaters than fast eaters. CONCLUSIONS Eating rate, oral exposure time and bolus saliva uptake were the predictors of an individual's post-prandial glycaemic response amongst slow eaters. Increasing the number of chews per bite with a longer oral exposure time increased saliva uptake in the bolus at the moment of swallowing and enhanced temporal changes in PPG, leading to greater glycaemic peaks in rice cake meal. Differences in eating rate between slow and fast eaters when consuming rice cake meal influenced temporal changes in PPG but not total PPG, and bolus properties did not differ between eating rate groups.
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15
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Nadia J, Bronlund J, Singh RP, Singh H, Bornhorst GM. Structural breakdown of starch-based foods during gastric digestion and its link to glycemic response: In vivo and in vitro considerations. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2660-2698. [PMID: 33884751 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The digestion of starch-based foods in the small intestine as well as factors affecting their digestibility have been previously investigated and reviewed in detail. Starch digestibility has been studied both in vivo and in vitro, with increasing interest in the use of in vitro models. Although previous in vivo studies have indicated the effect of mastication and gastric digestion on the digestibility of solid starch-based foods, the physical breakdown of starch-based foods prior to small intestinal digestion is often less considered. Moreover, gastric digestion has received little attention in the attempt to understand the digestion of solid starch-based foods in the digestive tract. In this review, the physical breakdown of starch-based foods in the mouth and stomach, the quantification of these breakdown processes, and their links to physiological outcomes, such as gastric emptying and glycemic response, are discussed. In addition, the physical breakdown aspects related to gastric digestion that need to be considered when developing in vitro-in vivo correlation in starch digestion studies are discussed. The discussion demonstrates that physical breakdown prior to small intestinal digestion, especially during gastric digestion, should not be neglected in understanding the digestion of solid starch-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nadia
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - John Bronlund
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rajinder Paul Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gail M Bornhorst
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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16
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Guo Q. Understanding the oral processing of solid foods: Insights from food structure. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2941-2967. [PMID: 33884754 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the structure of solid foods and their oral processing is paramount for enhancing features such as texture and taste and for improving health-related factors such as management of body weight or dysphagia. This paper discusses the main aspects of the oral processing of solid foods across different categories: (1) oral physiology related to chewing, (2) in-mouth food transformation, (3) texture perception, and (4) taste perception, and emphasis is placed on unveiling the underlying mechanisms of how food structure influences the oral processing of solid foods; this is exemplified by comparing the chewing behaviors for a number of representative solid foods. It highlights that modification of the texture/taste of food based on food structure design opens up the possibility for the development of food products that can be applied in the management of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Stading M. Bolus rheology of texture-modified food: Effect of degree of modification. J Texture Stud 2021; 52:540-551. [PMID: 33760231 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Swallowing disorders, or dysphagia, require an intake of texture-modified foods progressively softer, smoother, and moister depending on the severity of the disorder. Bolus rheology was determined for five healthy subjects for a set of such solid foods regularly given to dysphagia patients. The softest class was gel food, then a smooth timbale which both were compared to the corresponding regular, un-modified food. The foods investigated were bread, cheese, tomato, and the combination as a sandwich, all for the respective texture class: gel, timbale, and regular food. The subjects chewed until ready to swallow and the expectorated bolus was immediately measured for complex shear modulus and viscosity, and moisture and saliva content were determined. Rheology show that texture-modification influenced bolus rheology with decreased viscosity and modulus for increased degree of modification. Also saliva content as well as chews-to-swallow decreased with degree of modification. Overall, the bolus saliva content was lower for the combination (sandwich) than for the individual components. Saliva content was fairly constant irrespective of food moisture content. The phase angle for all boluses was also relatively constant, indicating a similar bolus structure. All boluses of the texture-modified foods showed high extensional viscosity, which is important for bolus cohesiveness. Bolus rheology rather than food texture determines if a food is safe to swallow and the results show that the intended texture-modification is reflected in the flow properties of the respective boluses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Stading
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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The dynamics of starch hydrolysis and thickness perception during oral processing. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Guo Q, Ye A, Singh H, Rousseau D. Destructuring and restructuring of foods during gastric digestion. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1658-1679. [PMID: 33337100 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
All foods harbor unique length scale-dependent structural features that can influence the release, transport, and utilization of macro- or micronutrients in the human gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, food destructuring and restructuring processes during gastric passage significantly influence downstream nutrient assimilation and feelings of satiety. This review begins with a synopsis of the effects of oral processing on food structure. Then, stomach-centric factors that contribute to the efficacy of gastric digestion are discussed, and exemplified by comparing the intragastric de- and restructuring of a number of common foods. The mechanisms of how intragastric structuring influences gastric emptying and its relationship to human satiety are then discussed. Finally, recently developed, non-destructive instrumental approaches used to quantitively and qualitatively characterize food behavior during gastric destructuring and restructuring are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu, 225700, China
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Dérick Rousseau
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
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20
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From first to last bite: Temporal dynamics of sensory and hedonic perceptions using a multiple-intake approach. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Ring Shear Tester as an in-vitro testing tool to study oral processing of comminuted potato chips. Food Res Int 2019; 123:208-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Assad-Bustillos M, Tournier C, Feron G, Guessasma S, Reguerre A, Della Valle G. Fragmentation of two soft cereal products during oral processing in the elderly: Impact of product properties and oral health status. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Boehm MW, Yakubov GE, Stokes JR, Baier SK. The role of saliva in oral processing: Reconsidering the breakdown path paradigm. J Texture Stud 2019; 51:67-77. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gleb E. Yakubov
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jason R. Stokes
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Stefan K. Baier
- PepsiCo. R&D Hawthorne New York
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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24
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Gamero A, Nguyen QC, Varela P, Fiszman S, Tarrega A, Rizo A. Potential Impact of Oat Ingredient Type on Oral Fragmentation of Biscuits and Oro-Digestibility of Starch-An In Vitro Approach. Foods 2019; 8:foods8050148. [PMID: 31052402 PMCID: PMC6560394 DOI: 10.3390/foods8050148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine how variation in the biscuit matrix affects both the degree of in vitro fragmentation and the starch hydrolysis that occurs during the oral phase of digestion. Using three different oat ingredient types (oat flour, small flakes, and big flakes) and baking powder (or none), six biscuits with different matrices were obtained. The instrumental texture (force and sound measurements) of the biscuits was analyzed. The samples were then subjected to in vitro fragmentation. The particle size distribution and in vitro oral starch hydrolysis over time of the fragmented samples were evaluated. The results showed that the samples presented different fragmentation patterns, mainly depending on the oat ingredient type, which could be related to their differences in texture. The biscuits made with oat flour were harder, had a more compact matrix and showed more irregular fragmentation and a higher percentage area of small particles than those made with big oat flakes, which were more fragile and crumbly. The highest degree of starch hydrolysis corresponded to the biscuits made with flour. Conclusions: Differences in the mechanical properties of the biscuit matrix, in this case due to differences in the oat ingredient, play a role in the in vitro fragmentation pattern of biscuits and in the oral phase of starch hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Gamero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | - Susana Fiszman
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Tarrega
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Arantxa Rizo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain.
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25
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Gao J, Lin S, Jin X, Wang Y, Ying J, Dong Z, Zhou W. In vitro digestion of bread: How is it influenced by the bolus characteristics? J Texture Stud 2019; 50:257-268. [PMID: 30693521 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the impact of in vitro oral processing methods on bolus formation and the kinetics of starch hydrolysis of refined white bread during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Four in vitro oral processing methods (i.e., cut, cut-and-pestle, blend, and grind) were performed at two levels of disintegration (less and more intensive) and compared with human mastication. Boluses prepared using the in vitro methods had a larger particle size (20-69 mm2 vs. 14 mm2 ), a higher moisture content (64-68% vs. 47%), a softer texture (1.3-2.3 N vs. 6.3 N) and a less adhesive surface (0.3-1.0 vs. 1.6 N•s) as compared to the in vivo masticated ones. Moreover, in vitro prepared blouses were digested more rapidly than in vivo masticated ones during the stimulated intestinal digestion from 150 min onward, with a higher hydrolysis rate (0.011-0.012 mg/mL • min vs. 0.010 mg/mL • min) and a higher equilibrium concentration of reducing sugar (5.5-6.3 mg/mL vs. 4.9 mg/mL). Among all the in vitro methods, the blending and grinding methods produced boluses that most closely resemble the in vivo masticated ones in terms of their physical characteristics. The blending method also produced boluses having the highest amount of reducing sugar released (6.32 mg/mL). The amount of reducing sugar present in the PBS buffer outside the dialysis tube might be controlled by the diffusion efficiency at the beginning of the digestion (≤120 min) and then be largely influenced by the particle size of the bolus in the latter stage of the digestion. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Studying the in vitro starch amyloysis is valuable for predicting the postprandial glycemic potential of starchy food. This work provides novel insights on the role of in vitro oral processing in the prediction of the glycemic potential of carbohydrate-rich staple food. Blending method is recommended because of its ability to produce boluses with similar physical characteristics as the in vivo masticated boluses. But the excessive structural breakdown occurred during blending also resulted in a higher enzymatic accessibility and a higher rate of starch digestion. Further study is needed to propose a new in vitro method that stimulates multiple actions occurred during mastication (cutting, grinding, and shearing), in order to match both physical properties and digestion profiles. Moreover, the amount of artificial saliva added should be adjusted according to the specific type of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyun Lin
- Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Jin
- Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ying
- Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Dong
- Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibiao Zhou
- Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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26
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Brownlee IA, Gill S, Wilcox MD, Pearson JP, Chater PI. Starch digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain A. Brownlee
- Human Nutrition Research CentreNewcastle Research and Innovation InstituteNewcastle UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Saloni Gill
- Human Nutrition Research CentreNewcastle Research and Innovation InstituteNewcastle UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Matt D. Wilcox
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesThe Medical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeff P. Pearson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesThe Medical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter I. Chater
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesThe Medical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUnited Kingdom
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27
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Liu D, Deng Y, Sha L, Abul Hashem M, Gai S. Impact of oral processing on texture attributes and taste perception. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:2585-2593. [PMID: 28740316 PMCID: PMC5502015 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mastication is the first step of food digestion, where foods are broken down and simultaneously impregnated by saliva resulting in the formation of semi-fluids known as food boluses. This review focuses on the impact of oral processing on texture attributes and taste perception. The article describes the oral actions in which texture characteristic are measured for the critical conditions that trigger swallowing. Taste perception also plays a key role in oral processing and oral sensations. There are still challenges in terms of determining different oral physiological characteristics. These include individual chewing behavior regardless of the temporal aspects of dominant processes of comminution, insalivation, bolus formation and swallowing. A comprehensive approach is essential to process favorable foods with respect to the food properties of texture and taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013 China
| | - Yajun Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013 China
| | - Lei Sha
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013 China
| | - Md. Abul Hashem
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - Shengmei Gai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013 China
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28
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Devezeaux de Lavergne M, van de Velde F, Stieger M. Bolus matters: the influence of food oral breakdown on dynamic texture perception. Food Funct 2017; 8:464-480. [PMID: 27713955 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01005a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review article focuses on design of food structure, characterisation of oral processing by boli characterisation and dynamic texture perception. Knowledge of the food properties governing bolus formation and bolus properties determining temporal changes in texture perception is of major importance. Such knowledge allows academia to better understand the mechanisms underlying texture perception and food industry to improve product texture. For instance, such knowledge can be used for developing foods with desired texture perception that fit in a healthy diet or that are customized to specific consumer groups. The end point of oral processing is the formation of a safe-to-swallow bolus. The transitions of solid and soft solid foods into bolus are accompanied by tremendous modifications of food properties. The review discusses dynamic changes in bolus properties resulting in dynamic changes of texture perception during oral processing. Studies monitoring chewing behaviour are discussed to complement the relationships between bolus properties and dynamic texture perception. We conclude that texture perception evolves over mastication time and depends on food properties, such as mechanical properties, mainly in the beginning of oral processing. Towards the middle and end of oral processing, bolus properties depend on food properties and explain texture perception better than food properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Devezeaux de Lavergne
- TI Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands. and Wageningen University, Agrotechnology and Food Sciences Group, P.O. Box 8129, 6700EV, The Netherlands
| | - Fred van de Velde
- TI Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands. and NIZO food research BV, P.O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Stieger
- TI Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands. and Wageningen University, Agrotechnology and Food Sciences Group, P.O. Box 8129, 6700EV, The Netherlands
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29
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30
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Rodrigues SA, Selway N, Morgenstern MP, Motoi L, Stokes JR, James BJ. Lubrication of chocolate during oral processing. Food Funct 2017; 8:533-544. [PMID: 27892582 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00950f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of chocolate is drastically transformed during oral processing from a composite solid to an oil/water fluid emulsion. Using two commercial dark chocolates varying in cocoa solids content, this study develops a method to identify the factors that govern lubrication in molten chocolate and saliva's contribution to lubrication following oral processing. In addition to chocolate and its individual components, simulated boluses (molten chocolate and phosphate buffered saline), in vitro boluses (molten chocolate and whole human saliva) and ex vivo boluses (chocolate expectorated after chewing till the point of swallow) were tested. The results reveal that the lubrication of molten chocolate is strongly influenced by the presence of solid sugar particles and cocoa solids. The entrainment of particles into the contact zone between the interacting surfaces reduces friction such that the maximum friction coefficient measured for chocolate boluses is much lower than those for single-phase Newtonian fluids. The addition of whole human saliva or a substitute aqueous phase (PBS) to molten chocolate dissolves sugar and decreases the viscosity of molten chocolate so that thinner films are achieved. However, saliva is more lubricating than PBS, which results in lower friction coefficients for chocolate-saliva mixtures when compared to chocolate-PBS mixtures. A comparison of ex vivo and in vitro boluses also suggests that the quantity of saliva added and uniformity of mixing during oral processing affect bolus structure, which leads to differences in measured friction. It is hypothesized that inhomogeneous mixing in the mouth introduces large air bubbles and regions of non-emulsified fat into the ex vivo boluses, which enhance wetting and lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - N Selway
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - M P Morgenstern
- Food Structure & Engineering, The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Limited, New Zealand
| | - L Motoi
- Food Structure & Engineering, The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Limited, New Zealand
| | - J R Stokes
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - B J James
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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31
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Impact of the Breakdown Behavior on Chinese Traditional Stewed Pork with Brown Sauce: Physical Properties Using Microstructural Analysis. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/4714919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential physics differences of Chinese traditional stewed pork during mastication were investigated. Ten subjects chewed and expectorated the fat and lean layers of stewed pork with brown sauce at different stages of mastication. The produced boluses were analyzed for their physical properties. The results suggested the subjects’ saliva secretion and moisture content of the boluses during mastication increased significantly depending on subjects and food types studied (P<0.05) and led to increase of bolus apparent particle size because of saliva uptake. Bolus first peak force tended to decrease significantly, whereas bolus flowability increased significantly during mastication (P<0.05). Further, microstructure of boluses revealed series processing was conducted by comminution, aggregation, hydration, and dilution. The boluses ready-to-swallow possessed a higher flowability and a homogenetic matrix. Therefore, the changes in physics and microstructure of bolus contributed to dynamic texture perception of traditional Chinese stewed pork with brown sauce.
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32
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Instrumental methods for bolus characterization during oral processing to understand food perceptions. Curr Opin Food Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Young AK, Cheong JN, Foster KD, Hedderley DI, Morgenstern MP, James BJ. Exploring the Links Between Texture Perception and Bolus Properties Throughout oral Processing. Part 1: Breakdown Paths. J Texture Stud 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K. Young
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jean Ne Cheong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health; Massey University; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Kylie D. Foster
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health; Massey University; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Duncan I. Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Ltd; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Marco P. Morgenstern
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Bryony J. James
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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34
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Kim EHJ, Jakobsen VB, Wilson AJ, Waters IR, Motoi L, Hedderley DI, Morgenstern MP. Oral Processing of Mixtures of Food Particles. J Texture Stud 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther H.-J. Kim
- Food Structure & Engineering team; The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Limited; Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Vibe B. Jakobsen
- The Department of Chemical Engineering; Biotechnology and Environmental Technology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - Arran J. Wilson
- Food Structure & Engineering team; The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Limited; Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Ian R. Waters
- Food Structure & Engineering team; The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Limited; Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Lidia Motoi
- Food Structure & Engineering team; The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Limited; Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Duncan I. Hedderley
- Biometrics team; The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Limited; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Marco P. Morgenstern
- Food Structure & Engineering team; The New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Limited; Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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35
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Witt T, Stokes JR. Physics of food structure breakdown and bolus formation during oral processing of hard and soft solids. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Hawthornthwaite D, Ramjan Y, Rosenthal A. Oral Processing of Low Water Content Foods - A Development to Hutchings and Lillford's Breakdown Path. J Texture Stud 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaneez Ramjan
- Department of Applied Sciences and Health; Coventry University; Coventry CV1 5FB UK
| | - Andrew Rosenthal
- Department of Applied Sciences and Health; Coventry University; Coventry CV1 5FB UK
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37
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Foegeding EA, Vinyard CJ, Essick G, Guest S, Campbell C. Transforming Structural Breakdown into Sensory Perception of Texture. J Texture Stud 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Allen Foegeding
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; North Carolina State University; Box 7624 Raleigh NC 27695-7624
| | | | - Gregory Essick
- Department of Prosthodontics and Center for Pain Research and Innovation; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC
| | - Steve Guest
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC
| | - Caroline Campbell
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; North Carolina State University; Box 7624 Raleigh NC 27695-7624
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