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Hull MB, Schermerhorn T, Vieson MD, Reinhart JM. Feasibility of hepatic fine needle aspiration as a minimally invasive sampling method for gene expression quantification of pharmacogenetic targets in dogs. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:41-45. [PMID: 32951355 PMCID: PMC7840213 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying hepatic gene expression is important for many pharmacogenetic studies. However, this usually requires biopsy (BX), which is invasive. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of using minimally invasive fine needle aspirate (FNA) to quantify hepatic gene expression and to assess expression variability between different sampling sites. METHODS Biopsy and FNA samples were acquired from central and peripheral locations of the right and left lateral liver lobes of a dog. Relative expression of ABCB1, GSTT1 and CYP3A12 were measured via reverse transcriptase, quantitative PCR. The effect of sampling method, lobe and location within the lobe on gene expression was assessed using a three-way ANOVA. RESULTS Relative expression of ABCB1 and GSTT1 were not statistically different between sampling methods but CYP3A12 expression was higher in samples collected by BX (p = .013). Lobe sampled affected ABCB1 expression (p = .001) and site within lobe affected ABCB1 (p = .018) and GSTT1 (p = .025) expression. CONCLUSIONS FNA appears to be a feasible technique for minimally invasive evaluation of hepatic gene expression but results should not be directly compared to biopsy samples. Sampling location impacts expression of some targets; combination of FNAs from multiple sites may reduce variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Hull
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA
- Present address:
Hill’s Pet NutritionTopekaKSUSA
| | - Thomas Schermerhorn
- The Department of Small Animal Clinical ScienceCollege of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Miranda D. Vieson
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Reinhart
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA
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Gao W, Webber AL, Maxwell J, Anderson M, Caro L, Chung C, Miltenburg AMM, Popa S, Van Dyck K, Wenning L, Mangin E, Fandozzi C, Railkar R, Shire NJ, Fraser I, Howell B, Talal AH, Stoch SA. Fine-Needle Aspiration for the Evaluation of Hepatic Pharmacokinetics of Vaniprevir: A Randomized Trial in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 107:1325-1333. [PMID: 31868916 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for serial hepatic sampling may be an efficient and less invasive alternative to core needle biopsy (CNB), the current standard for liver tissue sampling. In this randomized, open-label trial in 31 participants with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection (NCT01678131/Merck protocol PN048), we evaluated the feasibility of using FNA to obtain human liver tissue samples appropriate for measuring hepatic pharmacokinetics (PK), using vaniprevir as a tool compound. The primary end point was successful retrieval of liver tissue specimens with measurable vaniprevir concentrations at two of three specified FNA time points. Twenty-nine patients met the primary end point and, therefore, were included in the PK analyses. Hepatic vaniprevir concentrations obtained with FNA were consistent with known vaniprevir PK properties. The shape of liver FNA and CNB concentration-time profiles were comparable. In conclusion, FNA may be effective for serial tissue sampling to assess hepatic drug exposure in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Chris Chung
- Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Serghei Popa
- Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | | | | | - Eric Mangin
- Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Iain Fraser
- Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
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Fine-needle aspiration of the liver: a 10-year single institution retrospective review. Hum Pathol 2019; 92:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Venuto CS, Talal AH. Intrahepatic Sampling for the Elucidation of Antiviral Clinical Pharmacology. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 6:169-175. [PMID: 28263459 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of the liver in clinical pharmacology is widely recognized, little is known in humans concerning its function in vivo at the hepatocyte level and how pharmacological functions are altered in the setting of advanced liver disease. Several recent proof-of-principle studies with first-generation DAAs have demonstrated the feasibility of serial liver sampling for pharmacological studies. These studies have begun to describe the liver-to-plasma concentration ratio and how this ratio is altered in the setting of advanced liver disease. These data are particularly relevant to individuals with substance-use disorders because many have advanced liver disease as a consequence of long-standing viral hepatitis infection or continued use of hepatotoxins such as alcohol. Future research should attempt to develop standardized and reproducible methods to assess liver drug concentration, complex drug interactions, and pharmacogenomics in humans to permit elucidation of the clinical pharmacology within the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Venuto
- Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,AIDS Clinical Trials Group Pharmacology Specialty Laboratory, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew H Talal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Paritaprevir and Ritonavir Liver Concentrations in Rats as Assessed by Different Liver Sampling Techniques. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02283-16. [PMID: 28264852 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02283-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is crucial to pharmacology, yet substantial knowledge gaps exist in the understanding of its basic pharmacologic processes. An improved understanding for humans requires reliable and reproducible liver sampling methods. We compared liver concentrations of paritaprevir and ritonavir in rats by using samples collected by fine-needle aspiration (FNA), core needle biopsy (CNB), and surgical resection. Thirteen Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated, nine of which received paritaprevir/ritonavir at 30/20 mg/kg of body weight by oral gavage daily for 4 or 5 days. Drug concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on samples collected via FNA (21G needle) with 1, 3, or 5 passes (FNA1, FNA3, and FNA5); via CNB (16G needle); and via surgical resection. Drug concentrations in plasma were also assessed. Analyses included noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis and use of Bland-Altman techniques. All liver tissue samples had higher paritaprevir and ritonavir concentrations than those in plasma. Resected samples, considered the benchmark measure, resulted in estimations of the highest values for the pharmacokinetic parameters of exposure (maximum concentration of drug in serum [Cmax] and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h [AUC0-24]) for paritaprevir and ritonavir. Bland-Altman analyses showed that the best agreement occurred between tissue resection and CNB, with 15% bias, followed by FNA3 and FNA5, with 18% bias, and FNA1 and FNA3, with a 22% bias for paritaprevir. Paritaprevir and ritonavir are highly concentrated in rat liver. Further research is needed to validate FNA sampling for humans, with the possible derivation and application of correction factors for drug concentration measurements.
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Ocque AJ, Hagler CE, DiFrancesco R, Morse GD, Talal AH. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for determination of Direct Acting Antiviral drugs in human liver fine needle aspirates. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1052:103-109. [PMID: 28365413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of direct acting antiviral drug concentrations in human liver fine needle aspirates. Liver fine needle aspirate (FNA) biopsy samples were homogenized in acetonitrile to stabilize the analytes and precipitate protein. The acetonitrile supernatants were diluted with internal standards and mobile phase. Separation was achieved with a Waters Acquity BEH C18 column (50×2.1mm, 1.7um) with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The total run time was 4.25min. Detection of analytes was achieved using electrospray ionization (positive mode) and triple quadrupole selected reaction monitoring. Standard curve concentrations ranged from 12.5 to 5000ng/mL for dasabuvir and the m1 metabolite of dasabuvir, 1.25 to 2500ng/mL for ombitasvir and ritonavir, and 5.00 to 5000ng/mL for paritaprevir. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were less than 13.7% in low, medium, and high quality control samples. The validated method was applied to the analysis of a liver fine needle aspirate of a patient undergoing direct acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ocque
- Translational Pharmacology Research Core, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Colleen E Hagler
- Translational Pharmacology Research Core, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robin DiFrancesco
- Translational Pharmacology Research Core, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gene D Morse
- Translational Pharmacology Research Core, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew H Talal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Center for Clinical and Research in Liver Disease, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of paritaprevir and ritonavir in rat liver. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1353-63. [PMID: 27277877 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Determination of paritaprevir and ritonavir in rat liver tissue samples. RESULTS We successfully validated a UPLC-MS/MS method to measure paritaprevir and ritonavir in rat liver using deuterated internal standards (d8-paritapervir and d6-ritonavir). The method is linear from 20 to 20,000 and 5 to 10,000 pg on column for paritaprevir and ritonavir, respectively, and is normalized per milligram tissue. Interday and intraday variability ranged from 0.591 to 5.33% and accuracy ranged from -6.68 to 10.1% for quality control samples. The method was then applied to the measurement of paritaprevir and ritonavir in rat liver tissue samples from a pilot study. CONCLUSION The validated method is suitable for measurement of paritaprevir and ritonavir within rat liver tissue samples for PK studies.
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Moorehead KJ, Burton JR, Everson GT, Zheng JH, Kerr BJ, Bushman LR, Wang M, Ju C, Nydam T, Kiser JJ. Intrahepatic antiviral quantification in a patient undergoing orthotopic cadaveric liver transplantation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:315-7. [PMID: 25213274 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn J Moorehead
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James R Burton
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gregory T Everson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jia-Hua Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Becky Jo Kerr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lane R Bushman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Trevor Nydam
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kiser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
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