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Gorin JB, Malone DFG, Strunz B, Carlsson T, Aleman S, Björkström NK, Falconer K, Sandberg JK. Plasma FABP4 is associated with liver disease recovery during treatment-induced clearance of chronic HCV infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2081. [PMID: 32034167 PMCID: PMC7005788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have dramatically improved the management of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). In this study, we investigated the effects of hepatitis C virus clearance on markers of systemic inflammation measured in plasma samples from CHC patients before, during and after DAA therapy. We identified a plasma soluble protein profile associated with CHC. Successful DAA therapy rapidly normalised the plasma inflammatory milieu, with the notable exception of soluble (s)CD163, a marker of macrophage activation, which remained elevated after viral clearance and segregated patients with high and low levels of cirrhosis. Patients who received DAA in combination with Ribavirin maintained elevated levels of CXCL10, consistent with an immune-stimulatory role of Ribavirin. As anticipated, DAA-treated patients experienced durable improvement in liver fibrosis measurements. Interestingly, pre-treatment levels of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) were inversely associated with reduction of APRI and FIB-4 scores during treatment. Together, these results support the notion of a rapid restoration of many aspects of the inflammatory state in CHC patients in response to DAA therapy. Furthermore, the associations with sCD163 and FABP4 warrant further investigation into the role of macrophages in residual liver disease and fibrosis resolution after viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Gorin
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David F G Malone
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tony Carlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolin Falconer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Pereira Guedes T, Fragoso P, Lemos C, Garrido M, Silva J, Falcão D, Maia L, Moreira T, Manuel Ferreira J, Pedroto I. Long-Term Follow-Up of Advanced Liver Disease after Sustained Virological Response to Treatment of Hepatitis C with Direct-Acting Antivirals: Outcomes from a Real-World Portuguese Cohort. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 27:149-159. [PMID: 32509920 DOI: 10.1159/000503074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) have revolutionized hepatitis C treatment, with high sustained virological response (SVR) rates reported, even in historically difficult-to-treat groups. SVR is associated with a decreased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), need for transplantation, and overall and liver-related mortality. Data from real-life cohorts on the medium- to long-term outcomes of patients with advanced liver disease and DAA-induced SVR are still missing. Objectives To report and analyze the long-term outcomes of DAA-induced SVR in a real-life cohort of patients with advanced liver disease. Method In this retrospective, longitudinal, single-center study, we collected data from patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and advanced liver disease (cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis) that had initiated DAA treatment between February 2015 and January 2017. Results A total of 237 patients were included. A treatment completion rate of 98.7% and an SVR rate of 97.8% (intention to treat: 96.6%) were found. Of the 229 patients with SVR, 67.2% were cirrhotic (64.2% Child-Pugh class A; 3.1% Child-Pugh class B) and 32.8% had stage F3 fibrosis, with an average follow-up of 28 months. The overall mortality rate was 19/1,000 person-years and the liver-related mortality rate was 9.5/1,000 person-years. The hepatic decompensation incidence rate was 25/1,000 person-years and the HCC incidence rate was 11.6/1,000 person-years. There was a sustained increase in serum platelet values during up to 2 years of follow-up. A history of pretreatment decompensation and baseline platelet and albumin values were significantly associated with the occurrence of adverse liver events after the end of treatment. Conclusions A DAA-induced SVR remains durable and is associated with an excellent clinical prognosis in patients with compensated advanced liver disease and with improvement or disease stabilization in decompensated patients. SVR is associated with a low risk of - yet does not prevent - HCC occurrence or disease progression, especially in the presence of other causes of liver injury. It is recommended that these patients be kept under surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Pereira Guedes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fragoso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Population Studies, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Garrido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Falcão
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Maia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Moreira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Ferreira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pedroto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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El-Garem H, AbdAllah M, Omar H, Cordie A, Abdel Alem S, Mohey Eldin Elzahry MA, Ghaith D, Abou El-Soud NH, Kamal W, Elsharkawy A, Esmat G. DAAs therapy associated with improved hepatic fibrosis in HCV-GT4 patients co-infected with HIV. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:693-698. [PMID: 31043104 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1614441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present work aimed at evaluation of the potential dynamic changes in hepatic fibrosis following treatment of chronic HCV using DAAs in patients coinfected with HIV. Patients and methods: In total, 50 HCV/HIV coinfected patients [age; 34.68 ± 10.38 years, 82% men] were included. For all included patients, liver stiffness measured using transient elastography as well as serum liver fibrosis scores; [fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI)] were calculated at baseline and at 12 and 24-weeks following 12 weeks therapy of HCV with once daily sofosbuvir 400 mg plus daclatasvir 60 mg. Results: Most of the included patients (70%, n = 35) were on anti-retroviral therapy. SVR24 was achieved by 93.48% of the patients. There was significant serial improvement in baseline liver stiffness measurement (LSM), FIB-4 and APRI among responders; [LSM: baseline, 7.05 ± 4.84 kPa vs. 5.66 ± 2.63 kPa at SVR24, p < 0.001], [FIB-4: baseline, 1.24 ± 1.08 vs. 0.93 ± 0.64 at SVR24, p 0.001) and (APRI: baseline, 0.725 ± 0.66 vs. 0.36 ± 0.19at SVR24, p 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Treatment of HCV patients coinfected with HIV using DAAs is associated with a rapid significant regression in hepatic fibrosis, as evaluated by FibroScan, FIB-4, and APRI scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan El-Garem
- a Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mohamed AbdAllah
- b Medical Research Division , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Heba Omar
- a Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Cordie
- a Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Shereen Abdel Alem
- a Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | | | - Doaa Ghaith
- c Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | | | - Walid Kamal
- d Preventive sector , Ministry of Health , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Aisha Elsharkawy
- a Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- a Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt.,e Badr University , Cairo , Egypt
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Regression of liver fibrosis after curing chronic hepatitis C with oral antivirals in patients with and without HIV coinfection. AIDS 2018; 32:2347-2352. [PMID: 30096074 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) eradicates hepatitis C virus (HCV) from most chronic carriers. Information on regression of liver fibrosis and the influence of HIV is scarce in cured patients. METHODS All consecutive HCV-infected individuals treated with DAA at our institution were examined. Hepatic elastography was performed at baseline and at the time of SVR12. Liver fibrosis regression was defined as a shift from advanced fibrosis (Metavir F3-F4) to null-mild fibrosis (F0-F2) and/or a reduction greater than 30% kPa. AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) scores were calculated in parallel. RESULTS A total of 260 patients were treated with DAA. All but 14 achieved SVR12 and represented the study population. HIV confection was present in 42%. At baseline, 57.2% had advanced liver fibrosis with a median of 11 kPa, FIB-4 of 2.4, and APRI of 0.95. At the time of SVR12, a median reduction of 2.1 kPa (P < 0.001) was recognized using elastography. A significant fibrosis regression was seen in 40%, being more frequent in patients with baseline advanced fibrosis than in those with null-mild fibrosis (52.3 vs. 22.5%; P < 0.001). Even so, 41.2% of patients with baseline F3-F4 kept within cirrhotic scores. In multivariable analysis, only baseline stiffness was significantly associated with the extent of liver fibrosis regression. CONCLUSION HCV cure with DAA is associated with regression of liver fibrosis in most patients treated with DAA, as measured using elastography, FIB-4 and APRI. This benefit is more pronounced in patients with baseline advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The dynamics of liver fibrosis regression are not influenced by HIV coinfection.
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Zhang J, Yang A, Wu Y, Guan W, Xiong B, Peng X, Wei X, Chen C, Liu Z. Stachydrine ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and regulating MMPs/TIMPs system in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1586-1594. [PMID: 29378386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are two crucial factors mediating liver fibrosis. Stachydrine (STA) is a naturally occurring compound extracted from a medicinal plant Leonuru heterophyllus, which can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells, relieve high glucose-induced endothelial cell senescence and isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and exert antitumor effects. However, its roles in hepatic fibrosis remain largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effect of STA on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and to elucidate the possible mechanisms. STA alleviated the pathological changes caused by CCl4 injection in livers compared to the normal liver. Hematoxylin-eosin staining further showed that STA treatment remarkably improved the liver histology, as evidenced by mitigated hepatic steatosis, necrosis, and fibrotic septa. STA reduced the liver/body weight ratio and the serum levels of aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. It also significantly decreased collagen deposition and hydroxyproline level. Both mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA, α1(I)-procollagen and fibronectin were decreased by STA compared to those of the model group. STA significantly inhibited the expressions of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. It suppressed oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde level as well as increasing glutathione level and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. STA also significantly increased the protein expressions of tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 but decreased those of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, indicating excessive basement membrane in the fibrotic liver. Collectively, STA has potent protective effects on the liver, with therapeutic implication for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Aihua Yang
- Nantong Maternal and Children Health Care Service Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226018, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Wei Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Peng
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, NanTong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaojin Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
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Fabrizio C, Saracino A, Scudeller L, Milano E, Dell'Acqua R, Bruno G, Lo Caputo S, Monno L, Milella M, Angarano G. The elderly and direct antiviral agents: Constraint or challenge? Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:1036-1042. [PMID: 28651903 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct antiviral agents (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C showed great effectiveness and good safety profile. So far, few data are available about their use in elderly subjects. AIM To assess management, safety and outcome of DAAs treatments in the elderly. METHODS This retrospective, single-centre study enrolled all patients aged ≥65 years, compared by age (group A: 65-74 years, group B: ≥75 years), who completed DAAs between February 2015-November 2016. Variables potentially associated to adverse events (AEs) were analyzed. Sustained virological response (SVR) was evaluated at 12-weeks follow-up. RESULTS DAAs were administered to 221 patients aged ≥65 years (males: 112; group A: 130, group B: 91). Prescribed regimens were: sofosbuvir-based: 44 patients (19.9%), simeprevir-based: 25 (15%), ledipasvir-based: 49 (22.2%), daclatasvir-based: 12 (5.4%), paritaprevir/ritonavir+ombitasvir±dasabuvir: 91 (41.2%). Ribavirin was used in 121 patients. In 58 subjects co-medications were adjusted due to drug interactions. At least one AE occurred in 130 patients, including 13 SAEs, mainly in older subjects (p=0.04). Female sex (p=0.04), liver stiffness (p=0.023), use of simeprevir (p=0.03) and ribavirin (p=0.009) were associated with AEs. SVR-12 was achieved in 96,9% of subjects. CONCLUSIONS A careful baseline evaluation and a strict monitoring allow to optimise management and outcome of DAAs in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fabrizio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigia Scudeller
- Scientific Direction, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Milano
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dell'Acqua
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Lo Caputo
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Monno
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Angarano
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, University Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy
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