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Chi ZC. Progress in understanding of relationship between inflammation and tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2024; 32:23-40. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been clear evidence that inflammation plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Tumor extrinsic inflammation is caused by many factors, including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, etc., all of which can increase cancer risk and stimulate malignant progression. Conversely, inflammation inherent in cancer or caused by cancer can be triggered by cancer-initiating mutations and can promote malignant progression through recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells. Both exogenous and endogenous inflammation can lead to immunosuppression, thus providing a preferred opportunity for tumor development. Studies have confirmed that chronic inflammation is involved in various steps of tumorigenesis, including cell transformation, promotion, survival, prolifer-ation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Recent research has shed new light on the molecular and cellular circuits between inflammation and cancer. Two pathways have been preliminarily identified: Intrinsic and extrinsic. In the intrinsic pathway, genetic events leading to tumors initiate the expression of inflammatory related programs and guide the construction of the inflammatory microenvironment. In the extrinsic pathway, inflammatory conditions promote the development of cancer. This article reviews the recent progress in the understanding of the relationship between inflammation and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Chun Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
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Zhao Y, Chen K, Yang H, Zhang F, Ding L, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Deng Y. HLA-DR genetic polymorphisms and hepatitis B virus mutations affect the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Han Chinese population. Virol J 2023; 20:283. [PMID: 38037048 PMCID: PMC10691135 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR plays a crucial role in the immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV). We aimed to investigate the associations of HLA-DR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the generation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related HBV mutations. The effects of HLA-DR SNPs and their interactions with HBV mutations on HCC risks were also determined. METHODS Five HLA-DR SNPs (rs3135363, rs9268644, rs35445101, rs24755213, and rs984778) were genotyped in 792 healthy controls, 586 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 536 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and 1500 HCC patients using quantitative PCR. Sanger sequencing was used to identify the HBV mutations. Logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the association of HLA-DR SNPs with HCC risk and the frequencies of HCC-related HBV mutations. RESULTS The variant genotypes at rs3135363, rs9268644, rs35445101, rs24755213, and rs984778 were associated with decreased HCC risks. In genotype C HBV-infected subjects, variant genotypes of these SNPs were associated with decreased frequencies of HCC-related HBV mutations such as C1653T, T1674C/G, G1719T, T1753A/C, A1762T/G1764A, A1846T, G1896A, G1899A, and preS deletion. AG genotype at rs3135363, CA genotype at rs9268644, and AG genotype at rs24755213 reduced the generation of T1753A/C and G1896A in genotype B HBV-infected subjects, respectively. In addition, the interactions of rs3135363, rs9268644, rs24755213 with C1653T, T1753A/C, A1846T, and G1896A decreased the risks of HCC. CONCLUSIONS HLA-DR genetic polymorphisms might predispose the host to immunoselection of HCC-related HBV mutations and affect the HCC risks possibly through interacting with HBV mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 706 Taishan Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tai'an Central Hospital, 29 Longtan Road, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Public Health, Jinan Central Hospital, 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 706 Taishan Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Alsheikh AJ, Wollenhaupt S, King EA, Reeb J, Ghosh S, Stolzenburg LR, Tamim S, Lazar J, Davis JW, Jacob HJ. The landscape of GWAS validation; systematic review identifying 309 validated non-coding variants across 130 human diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:74. [PMID: 35365203 PMCID: PMC8973751 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The remarkable growth of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has created a critical need to experimentally validate the disease-associated variants, 90% of which involve non-coding variants. Methods To determine how the field is addressing this urgent need, we performed a comprehensive literature review identifying 36,676 articles. These were reduced to 1454 articles through a set of filters using natural language processing and ontology-based text-mining. This was followed by manual curation and cross-referencing against the GWAS catalog, yielding a final set of 286 articles. Results We identified 309 experimentally validated non-coding GWAS variants, regulating 252 genes across 130 human disease traits. These variants covered a variety of regulatory mechanisms. Interestingly, 70% (215/309) acted through cis-regulatory elements, with the remaining through promoters (22%, 70/309) or non-coding RNAs (8%, 24/309). Several validation approaches were utilized in these studies, including gene expression (n = 272), transcription factor binding (n = 175), reporter assays (n = 171), in vivo models (n = 104), genome editing (n = 96) and chromatin interaction (n = 33). Conclusions This review of the literature is the first to systematically evaluate the status and the landscape of experimentation being used to validate non-coding GWAS-identified variants. Our results clearly underscore the multifaceted approach needed for experimental validation, have practical implications on variant prioritization and considerations of target gene nomination. While the field has a long way to go to validate the thousands of GWAS associations, we show that progress is being made and provide exemplars of validation studies covering a wide variety of mechanisms, target genes, and disease areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01216-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar J Alsheikh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA.
| | - Sabrina Wollenhaupt
- Information Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Emily A King
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jonas Reeb
- Information Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sujana Ghosh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | | | - Saleh Tamim
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - J Wade Davis
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
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Luo Z, Zou Y, Xie J, Cao H, Chen Y, Ding Y, Li X, Deng Y, Wu L. Influence of Demographic Factors on Long-Term Trends of Premature Mortality and Burden Due to Liver Cancer: Findings From a Population-Based Study in Shanghai, China, 1973–2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:808917. [PMID: 35242731 PMCID: PMC8885583 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.808917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. Understanding how demographic factors influence mortality due to liver cancer is crucial for optimizing disease-control strategies. We aimed to characterize the long-term trends in the mortality and years of life lost (YLL) of liver cancer in Shanghai, China, 1973–2019, and quantitatively analyze the contributions of demographic and non-demographic factors on the mortality of liver cancer. Methods Using mortality data from the Mortality Registration System of Pudong New Area, the largest district of Shanghai with a population of permanent resident of 5.68 million, during 1973–2019, we analyzed the temporal trends for the mortality rates and YLL by Joinpoint Regression Program. The difference decomposition method was employed to estimate the increasing mortality rates related to demographic and non-demographic factors. Results A total of 21,530 deaths from liver cancer occurred from 1973 to 2019. The crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-standardized mortality rate by Segi's world standard population (ASMRW) of liver cancer were 26.73/105 person-years and 15.72/105 person-years, respectively. The CMR, ASMRW, and YLL rates of liver cancer showed significantly decreasing trends in males, females and the total population from 1973 to 2019, whereas the upward trends in the YLL were seen in males, females and the total population (all P < 0.05). A significant upward trend was observed in the increased CMR caused by demographic factors, but the changing rate caused by non-demographic factors decreased. Conclusions The CMR and ASMRW of liver cancer continually decreased although YLL increased during 1973–2019 in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. The demographic factors, especially aging, might be responsible for the increase in the mortality of liver cancer. More effective prevention strategies tailored to liver cancer are needed to further reduce its disease burden in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbin Zou
- Department of Oncology, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Oncology, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yichen Chen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Pudong New Area, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopan Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Pudong New Area, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopan Li
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
- Yang Deng
| | - Lile Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Lile Wu
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Liu D, Liu W, Chen X, Yin J, Ma L, Liu M, Zhou X, Xian L, Li P, Tan X, Zhao J, Liao Y, Cao G. circKCNN2 suppresses the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma at least partially via regulating miR-520c-3p/methyl-DNA-binding domain protein 2 axis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e662. [PMID: 35051313 PMCID: PMC8775140 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) death. We aimed to identify circular RNA (circRNA) with predictive and therapeutic value for recurrent HCC. METHODS Tissue samples from recurrent and non-recurrent HCC patients were subjected to circRNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. circKCNN2 was identified through multi-omics analyses. The effects of circKCNN2 on HCC were evaluated in cells, animals, database of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and a cohort with 130 HCC patients. circRNA precipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, RNA pull-down, luciferase assay, and cell experiments were applied to evaluate the interaction of circKCNN2 with miRNAs and proteins. The association between circKCNN2 and the therapeutic effect of lenvatinib was investigated in HCC cell lines and HCC tissue-derived organoids. RESULTS The expression of circKCNN2 was downregulated in HCC tissues and predicted a favorable overall survival and recurrence-free survival. The expression of circKCNN2 was positively correlated with the parental gene, potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member (KCNN2). Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha (NFYA) was proven to inhibit the promoter activity of KCNN2, downregulate the expression of KCNN2 and circKCNN2, and predict an unfavorable recurrence-free survival. Ectopic expression of circKCNN2 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and tumor formation in a mouse model. miR-520c-3p sponged by circKCNN2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of circKCNN2 on HCC cells and down-regulate the expression of methyl-DNA-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2). The intratumoral expression of MBD2 predicted a favorable recurrence-free survival. circKCNN2 down-regulated the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), which can be reversed by miR-520c-3p and knockdown of MBD2. Lenvatinib inhibited the expression of FGFR4 and upregulated the expression of circKCNN2 and MBD2. Ectopic expression of circKCNN2 in HCC cells enhanced the therapeutic effect of lenvatinib. However, the high inherent level of circKCNN2 in HCC cells was associated with lenvatinib resistance. CONCLUSIONS circKCNN2, transcriptionally repressed by NFYA, suppresses HCC recurrence via the miR-520c-3p/MBD2 axis. Inherent level of circKCNN2 in HCC cells predisposes anti-tumor effect of lenvatinib possibly because both circKCNN2 and lenvatinib repress the expression of FGFR4. circKCNN2 may be a promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic agent for HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious DiseasesMinistry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute for Viral HepatitisChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Longteng Ma
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Linfeng Xian
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Li
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious DiseasesMinistry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute for Viral HepatitisChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Liu W, Deng Y, Li Z, Chen Y, Zhu X, Tan X, Cao G. Cancer Evo-Dev: A Theory of Inflammation-Induced Oncogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768098. [PMID: 34880864 PMCID: PMC8645856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a prerequisite for the development of cancers. Here, we present the framework of a novel theory termed as Cancer Evolution-Development (Cancer Evo-Dev) based on the current understanding of inflammation-related carcinogenesis, especially hepatocarcinogenesis induced by chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. The interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental exposures, such as viral infection, maintains chronic non-resolving inflammation. Pollution, metabolic syndrome, physical inactivity, ageing, and adverse psychosocial exposure also increase the risk of cancer via inducing chronic low-grade smoldering inflammation. Under the microenvironment of non-resolving inflammation, pro-inflammatory factors facilitate the generation of somatic mutations and viral mutations by inducing the imbalance between the mutagenic forces such as cytidine deaminases and mutation-correcting forces including uracil-DNA glycosylase. Most cells with somatic mutations and mutated viruses are eliminated in survival competition. Only a small percentage of mutated cells survive, adapt to the hostile environment, retro-differentiate, and function as cancer-initiating cells via altering signaling pathways. These cancer-initiating cells acquire stem-ness, reprogram metabolic patterns, and affect the microenvironment. The carcinogenic process follows the law of "mutation-selection-adaptation". Chronic physical activity reduces the levels of inflammation via upregulating the activity and numbers of NK cells and lymphocytes and lengthening leukocyte telomere; downregulating proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 and senescent lymphocytes especially in aged population. Anti-inflammation medication reduces the occurrence and recurrence of cancers. Targeting cancer stemness signaling pathways might lead to cancer eradication. Cancer Evo-Dev not only helps understand the mechanisms by which inflammation promotes the development of cancers, but also lays the foundation for effective prophylaxis and targeted therapy of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Zishuai Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Hsieh AR, Fann CSJ, Lin HC, Tai J, Hsieh SY, Tai DI. Hepatitis B virus persistent infection-related single nucleotide polymorphisms in HLA regions are associated with viral load in hepatoma families. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6262-6276. [PMID: 34712031 PMCID: PMC8515798 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i37.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies from Asia indicate that HLA-DP and HLA-DQ loci are important in persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. One of the key elements for HBV-related carcinogenesis is persistent viral replication and inflammation.
AIM To examine genetic and nongenetic factors with persistent HBV infection and viral load in families with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS The HCC families included 301 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and 424 noncarriers born before the nationwide vaccination program was initiated in 1984. Five HBV-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) — rs477515, rs9272105, rs9276370, rs7756516, and rs9277535 — were genotyped. Factors associated with persistent HBV infection and viral load were analyzed by a generalized estimating equation.
RESULTS In the first-stage persistent HBV study, all SNPs except rs9272105 were associated with persistent infection. A significantly higher area under the reciprocal operating characteristic curve for nongenetic factors vs genetic factors (P < 0.001) suggests that the former play a major role in persistent HBV infection. In the second-stage viral load study, we added 8 HBsAg carriers born after 1984. The 309 HBsAg carriers were divided into low (n = 162) and high viral load (n = 147) groups with an HBV DNA cutoff of 105 cps/mL. Sex, relationship to the index case, rs477515, rs9272105, and rs7756516 were associated with viral load. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, genetic and nongenetic factors affected viral load equally in the HCC family cohort (P = 0.3117).
CONCLUSION In these east Asian adults, the mechanism of persistent HBV infection-related SNPs was a prolonged viral replication phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ru Hsieh
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Cathy S J Fann
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Lin
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Tai
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Yung Hsieh
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Dar-In Tai
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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