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Muscatello LV, de Biase D, Maloberti T, di Oto E, Tallini G, Pellegrino V, Bacci B, Roccabianca P, Lepri E, Crippa L, Avallone G. Analysis of MDM2 and TP53 genes in canine liposarcoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14087. [PMID: 38890407 PMCID: PMC11189432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine liposarcoma is an uncommon tumor that shares morphological similarities with its human counterpart. In dogs, the genetic features of this tumor are unknown and, based on immunohistochemical studies, amplification of the gene MDM2 and the mutation of TP53 are suspected. In this study 51 cases of primary liposarcomas were immunohistochemically stained for MDM2 and p53 and subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization and next-generation sequencing to detect MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutations, respectively. MDM2 and p53 were expressed in 21 and 6 cases, respectively. MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutations were identified in 10 and 15 cases, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed an association of the myxoid subtype and the mitotic count with p53 expression and TP53 mutation. No association was found between MDM2 amplification and MDM2 expression or tumor subtype. These results suggest that despite morphological similarities, canine liposarcoma differs from its human counterpart, for which MDM2 amplification is diagnostic for well differentiated and de-differentiated variants, and TP53 mutations are more common in pleomorphic liposarcoma rather than the myxoid one as occur in our cases. Furthermore, canine myxoid liposarcoma likely represents a distinct disease rather than a mere morphological variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vera Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thais Maloberti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico di Oto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Pellegrino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
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Vaidhya A, Ghildiyal K, Rajawat D, Nayak SS, Parida S, Panigrahi M. Relevance of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in veterinary clinical practice: A review. Anim Genet 2024; 55:3-19. [PMID: 37990577 DOI: 10.1111/age.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies have heralded the arrival of the Big Data era. As a result, the use of pharmacogenetics in drug discovery and individualized drug therapy has transformed the field of precision medicine. This paradigm shift in drug development programs has effectively reshaped the old drug development practices, which were primarily concerned with the physiological status of patients for drug development. Pharmacogenomics bridges the gap between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, advancing current diagnostic and treatment strategies and enabling personalized and targeted drug therapy. The primary goals of pharmacogenetic studies are to improve drug efficacy and minimize toxicities, to identify novel drug targets, to estimate drug dosage for personalized medicine, and to incorporate it as a routine diagnostic for disease susceptibility. Although pharmacogenetics has numerous applications in individualized drug therapy and drug development, it is in its infancy in veterinary medicine. The objective of this review is to present an overview of historical landmarks, current developments in various animal species, challenges and future perspectives of genomics in drug development and dosage optimization for individualized medicine in veterinary subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Vaidhya
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Kanika Ghildiyal
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Divya Rajawat
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Sonali Sonejita Nayak
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
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Reimann MJ, Faisst DN, Knold M, Meurs KM, Stern JA, Cremer SE, Møller JE, Ljungvall I, Häggström J, Olsen LH. No impact of polymorphism in the phosphodiesterase 5A gene in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels on pimobendan-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation response. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2145-2156. [PMID: 37743723 PMCID: PMC10658480 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variant in the canine phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5A gene (PDE5A:E90K) is associated with decreased concentrations of circulating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and response to PDE5 inhibitor treatment. Pimobendan is a PDE inhibitor recommended for medical treatment of certain stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs. HYPOTHESIS PDE5A:E90K polymorphism attenuates the inhibitory effect of pimobendan on in vitro platelet aggregation and increases basal platelet aggregation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS). Selected clinical variables (MMVD severity, sex, age, hematocrit, platelet count in platelet-rich plasma [PRP], and echocardiographic left ventricular fractional shortening [LV FS]) will not show an association with results. ANIMALS Fifty-two privately owned CKCS with no or preclinical MMVD. METHODS Using blood samples, we prospectively assessed PDE5A genotype using Sanger sequencing and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation response (area under the curve [AUC], maximal aggregation [MaxA], and velocity [Vel]) with and without pimobendan using light transmission aggregometry. Dogs also underwent echocardiography. RESULTS Pimobendan inhibited platelet function as measured by AUC, MaxA, and Vel at a concentration of 10 μM (P < .0001) and Vel at 0.03 μM (P < .001). PDE5A:E90K polymorphism did not influence the inhibitory effect of pimobendan or basal platelet aggregation response. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The PDE5A:E90K polymorphism did not influence in vitro basal platelet aggregation response or the inhibitory effect of pimobendan on platelet aggregation in CKCS. Dogs with the PDE5A:E90K polymorphism did not appear to have altered platelet function or response to pimobendan treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Reimann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Daniel N. Faisst
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Mads Knold
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Kathryn M. Meurs
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Signe E. Cremer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jacob E. Møller
- Department of CardiologyCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Lisbeth H. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
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Rivas VN, Stern JA, Ueda Y. The Role of Personalized Medicine in Companion Animal Cardiology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:1255-1276. [PMID: 37423841 PMCID: PMC11184409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies remain one of the most common inherited cardiac diseases in both human and veterinary patients. To date, well over 100 mutated genes are known to cause cardiomyopathies in humans with only a handful known in cats and dogs. This review highlights the need and use of personalized one-health approaches to cardiovascular case management and advancement in pharmacogenetic-based therapy in veterinary medicine. Personalized medicine holds promise in understanding the molecular basis of disease and ultimately will unlock the next generation of targeted novel pharmaceuticals and aid in the reversal of detrimental effects at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Rivas
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Perticarrara Ferezin L, Kayzuka C, Rondon Pereira VC, Ferreira de Andrade M, Molina CAF, Tucci S, Tanus-Santos JE, Lacchini R. The rs2682826 Polymorphism of the NOS1 Gene Is Associated with the Degree of Disability of Erectile Dysfunction. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051082. [PMID: 37240727 DOI: 10.3390/life13051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male disorder, often associated with cardiovascular disease and ageing. The Sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, can improve the erectile function by prolonging the nitric oxide (NO) downstream effect. NO is a molecule of pivotal importance in erection physiology and is mainly produced by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). While it has been shown that eNOS and nNOS genetic polymorphisms could be associated with Sildenafil responsiveness in ED, no study so far has assessed whether nNOS polymorphisms and PDE5A polymorphism could be associated with increased risk to ED or with intensity of symptoms. A total of 119 ED patients and 114 controls were studied, with evaluation of the clinical disability by the International Index for Erectile Function instrument, plasma assessment of nitrite levels and genomic DNA analysis regarding the rs41279104 and rs2682826 polymorphisms of the NOS1 gene and the rs2389866, rs3733526 and rs13124532 polymorphisms of the PDE5A gene. We have found a significant association of the rs2682826 with lower IIEF scores in the clinical ED group. While this result should be confirmed in other populations, it may be helpful in establishing a genetic panel to better assess disease risk and prognosis on ED therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Perticarrara Ferezin
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Cezar Kayzuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-902, Brazil
| | - Vitória Carolina Rondon Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-902, Brazil
| | - Murilo Ferreira de Andrade
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio Tucci
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Jose Eduardo Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-902, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil
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Johnson LR, Stern JA. Clinical features and outcome in 25 dogs with respiratory-associated pulmonary hypertension treated with sildenafil. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:65-73. [PMID: 31816127 PMCID: PMC6979098 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can develop secondary to many common cardiopulmonary diseases, and the use of sildenafil has improved care of affected dogs. Objective To evaluate response to sildenafil in dogs with respiratory‐associated PH. Animals Twenty‐five dogs with PH. Methods Prospective clinical trial. Doppler echocardiography identified dogs with moderate to severe PH, and additional tests were performed to detect underlying diseases. A 17‐point quality of life (QOL) questionnaire was completed, and sildenafil was prescribed, along with other medications deemed necessary for the management of clinically diagnosed respiratory diseases. After 30 days, dogs returned to the hospital for repeat echocardiogram and QOL survey. Results The median age was 12.4 years, and most dogs were small breed dogs (median weight, 6.5 kg). Syncope (64%), cough (56%), and respiratory difficulty (32%) were the most common presenting complaints. Respiratory diseases associated with PH included tracheobronchomalacia, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory airway disease, and brachycephalic syndrome, with multiple diseases in some dogs. Eight of 25 dogs (32%) died or were euthanized within 1 month. In the remaining dogs, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (83.0 ± 17.4 mm Hg before, 55.4 ± 17.4 mm Hg after) and QOL scores were significantly improved after 1 month of sildenafil. Fifty percent mortality was reached 6 months after study entry, with 4 dogs alive 5 years after diagnosis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Sildenafil responsiveness is variable in dogs with respiratory‐associated PH, but improved QOL was demonstrated in dogs surviving >1 month, and long‐term survival was noted in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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Effect of a phosphodiesterase-5A (PDE5A) gene polymorphism on response to sildenafil therapy in canine pulmonary hypertension. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6899. [PMID: 31053768 PMCID: PMC6499771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common clinical condition associated with morbidity and mortality in both humans and dogs. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor causing accumulation of cGMP, is frequently used for treatment of PH. The authors previously reported a PDE5A:E90K polymorphism in dogs that results in lower basal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations than in wild-type dogs, which could contribute to variability in the efficacy of sildenafil. In this study, response to sildenafil therapy was evaluated in dogs with PH by comparing echocardiographic parameters, quality-of-life (QOL) score, and plasma cGMP concentrations before and after sildenafil therapy. Overall, tricuspid regurgitation estimated systolic pressure gradient (PG) and QOL score were significantly improved after sildenafil therapy, and the plasma cGMP concentration was significantly decreased. Dogs that had a heterozygous PDE5A status had a significantly worse QOL score when compared to the wildtype group after sildenafil treatment. The simple and multiple regression analyses revealed a significant but weak prediction for the percent reduction in QOL score with sildenafil treatment by plasma cGMP level and by the PDE5A:E90K polymorphic status. This study showed that sildenafil treatment improved PH in dogs, and the PDE5A:E90K polymorphism blunted the efficacy of sildenafil in terms of QOL improvement.
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Campion DP, Dowell FJ. Translating Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics to the Clinic: Progress in Human and Veterinary Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:22. [PMID: 30854372 PMCID: PMC6396708 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As targeted personalized therapy becomes more widely used in human medicine, clients will expect the veterinary clinician to be able to implement an evidence-based strategy regarding both the prescribing of medicines and also recognition of the potential for adverse drug reactions (ADR) for their pet, at breed and individual level. This review aims to provide an overview of current developments and challenges in pharmacogenetics in medicine for a veterinary audience and to map these to developments in veterinary pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenetics has been in development over the past 100 years but has been revolutionized following the publication of the human, and then veterinary species genomes. Genetic biomarkers called pharmacogenes have been identified as specific genetic loci on chromosomes which are associated with either positive or adverse drug responses. Pharmacogene variation may be classified according to the associated drug response, such as a change in (1) the pharmacokinetics; (2) the pharmacodynamics; (3) genes in the downstream pathway of the drug or (4) the effect of “off-target” genes resulting in a response that is unrelated to the intended target. There are many barriers to translation of pharmacogenetic information to the clinic, however, in human medicine, international initiatives are promising real change in the delivery of personalized medicine by 2025. We argue that for effective translation into the veterinary clinic, clinicians, international experts, and stakeholders must collaborate to ensure quality assurance and genetic test validation so that animals may also benefit from this genomics revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre P Campion
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona J Dowell
- Division of Veterinary Science and Education, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Feasibility, safety, and tolerance of subcutaneous synthetic canine B-type natriuretic peptide (syncBNP) in healthy dogs and dogs with stage B1 mitral valve disease. J Vet Cardiol 2017; 19:211-217. [PMID: 28478943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An important aspect of heart failure is the progressive ineffectiveness of the salutary natriuretic peptide system and its secondary messenger, 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In humans with acute heart failure, administration of exogenous natriuretic peptide is associated with improvement in clinical signs and reduction of cardiac filling pressures. This study aimed to determine the feasibility, tolerance, and safety of subcutaneous (SC) synthetic canine B-type natriuretic peptide (syncBNP) administration in dogs. ANIMALS Six privately owned dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs were enrolled in a modified 3 + 3 phase I trial. Three dogs initially received doses of 2.5 and 5 μg/kg SC syncBNP followed by an additional three dogs dosed at 5 and 10 μg/kg. Hemodynamic monitoring was performed for 120 min after each injection. Blood and urine samples were collected at 45 and 120 min after injection of 5 μg/kg. Major adverse clinical events that would potentially halt testing were pre-defined. RESULTS Four healthy dogs and two dogs with stage B1 mitral valve disease were recruited. Synthetic canine B-type natriuretic peptide was well tolerated at all doses. Synthetic canine B-type natriuretic peptide at 5 μg/kg significantly increased median plasma cGMP (baseline cGMP, 131.5 pmol/mL [range, 91.9-183.6 pmol/mL]; 45 min, 153.6 pmol/mL [140.3-214.3 pmol/mL]; 120 min, 192.7 pmol/mL [139.1-240.1 pmol/mL]; p=0.041). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time administration of syncBNP in privately owned dogs. Administration of SC syncBNP was feasible, well tolerated, safe, and increased plasma cGMP concentration. Further studies using exogenous syncBNP for treatment of heart disease are warranted.
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Borgeat K, Sudunagunta S, Kaye B, Stern J, Luis Fuentes V, Connolly DJ. Retrospective evaluation of moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension in dogs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 56:196-202. [PMID: 25483150 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The outcome in dogs with pulmonary hypertension associated with natural Angiostrongylus vasorum infection is unclear. This study aimed to report long-term outcome of dogs with A. vasorum and pulmonary hypertension, and to evaluate factors associated with pulmonary hypertension development. It was hypothesised that dogs with pulmonary hypertension had a shorter survival time than dogs without pulmonary hypertension. METHODS Retrospective review of clinical records of dogs diagnosed with A. vasorum. Dogs were classified as having or not having pulmonary hypertension based on clinical signs and imaging findings. Signalment, signs and outcome were recorded. DNA obtained from banked samples was genotyped for the PDE5a:E90K polymorphism, a possible factor in development of pulmonary hypertension. RESULTS The proportion of dogs with moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension and A. vasorum infection in the study population was 14 · 6%. No difference in the population characteristics or PDE5a genotype was detected between dogs with and without pulmonary hypertension. Dogs with pulmonary hypertension had a significantly shorter survival time (P = 0 · 006) and a greater risk of death within 6 months of diagnosis (odds ratio 12 · 5, 95% confidence interval 2 · 1 to 74 · 9; P = 0 · 0053). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A. vasorum-associated pulmonary hypertension is an important problem in naturally infected dogs and has a negative effect upon survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Borgeat
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA; Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Bristol, BS14 9BE
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