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Zhang M, Zheng G, Yin Y, Zhou H, Ma L, Li L, Lin J, Liu S, Zhao C, Dai X, Wei L, Shan Q. Pharmacokinetics, withdrawal period and risk assessment of enrofloxacin in the northern snakehead (Channa argus) following bath administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:134-142. [PMID: 37853794 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR) is widely used in aquaculture practice, but little is known about its pharmacokinetic, withdrawal period and dietary risk in fish via bath administration. The purpose of this study was to provide data support for the use of ENR bath therapy in the northern snakehead (Channa argus). The pilot study was carried out to evaluate the therapy concentrations of ENR in northern snakehead with immersion concentrations ranged from 5 to 40 mg/L for 6 h. Based on results of the pilot study, an ENR immersion concentration of 20 mg/L was used for the formal experiment. At this dose, the peak concentrations of ENR in plasma, muscle plus skin, liver and kidney were 4.85, 4.55, 3.87 and 7.42 μg/mL (or g), respectively. According to the AUC0-∞ values, the distribution of ENR in northern snakehead followed the order of kidney > plasma > liver > muscle + skin. The elimination of ENR in northern snakehead was very slow, the half-lives (T1/2λz ) were up to 90.31, 85.5, 104.56 and 120.9 h in plasma, muscle plus skin, liver and kidney, respectively. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was not detected in any samples in the pilot study and was only occasionally detected in muscle plus skin and liver samples in formal experiment. Based on the calculated PK/PD index AUC/MIC and Cmax /MIC, the current bath treatment regimen will have a good therapeutic effect on infections caused by bacteria with MIC below 0.6 μg/mL. The dietary risk assessment suggested that there was a dietary risk (Hazard Quotients > 10%) until day 6 after bath treatment. It is mandatory for ENR to maintain a withdrawal period of at least 450°C-day in northern snakehead after bath treatment ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shugui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Q, Xu Z, Wang Y, Huo G, Zhang X, Li J, Hua C, Li S, Zhou F. Transcriptomics Analysis of the Toxicological Impact of Enrofloxacin in an Aquatic Environment on the Chinese Mitten Crab ( Eriocheir sinensis). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1836. [PMID: 36767205 PMCID: PMC9915228 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin is an important antimicrobial drug that is widely used in aquaculture. Enrofloxacin residues can have negative effects on aquatic environments and animals. The toxicological effects of different concentrations of enrofloxacin residues in cultured water on Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were compared. A histological analysis of the E. sinensis hepatopancreas demonstrated that the hepatopancreas was damaged by the different enrofloxacin residue concentrations. The hepatopancreas transcriptome results revealed that 1245 genes were upregulated and that 1298 genes were downregulated in the low-concentration enrofloxacin residue group. In the high-concentration enrofloxacin residue group, 380 genes were upregulated, and 529 genes were downregulated. The enrofloxacin residues led to differentially expressed genes related to the immune system and metabolic processes in the hepatopancreas of the Chinese mitten crab, such as the genes for alkaline phosphatase, NF-kappa B inhibitor alpha, alpha-amylase, and beta-galactosidase-like. The gene ontology terms "biological process" and "molecular function" were enriched in the carboxylic acid metabolic process, DNA replication, the synthesis of RNA primers, the transmembrane transporter activity, the hydrolase activity, and the oxidoreductase activity. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis determined that the immune and metabolic signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched. Furthermore, the nonspecific immune enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) and the metabolic enzyme system played a role in the enrofloxacin metabolism in the E. sinensis hepatopancreas. These findings helped us to further understand the basis of the toxicological effects of enrofloxacin residues on river crabs and provided valuable information for the better utilization of enrofloxacin in aquatic water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaona Wang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Ziling Xu
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Guangming Huo
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Hua
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
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Liu Y, Ai X, Sun R, Yang Y, Zhou S, Dong J, Yang Q. Residue, biotransformation, risk assessment and withdrawal time of enrofloxacin in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135657. [PMID: 35820477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crayfish is a very popular aquatic food in many countries, and enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was the most frequently detected in aquatic products. However, limited information is available on the residue characterization, biotransformation rate and withdrawal period (WT) of ENR and CIP in crayfish and health risk via consumption of ENR and CIP remained crayfish. Herein, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to study residue depletion, biotransformation, ingestion risk, and WT of ENR and its predominate metabolite CIP in crayfish following different routes with repeated doses. The results showed that the elimination half-life (T1/2) of target compounds in crayfish were all in order of hepatopancreas > muscle > gill, and the order of T1/2 in different crayfish tissues were intramuscular (IM) route > oral (PO) treatment > immersion (IMMR) administration. The biotransformation rates from ENR to CIP varied from 0.75% to 3.45% in crayfish tissues following different exposure routes. The high dietary risk (RQ > 1) consuming muscle and hepatopancreas of ENR and CIP remained crayfish occurred at early after different administrations. WT is the key to control the drug residue risk, and the longest WT of marker residue of ENR in crayfish was calculated to be 51 d (1275 °C-day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100141, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100141, China.
| | - Ruyu Sun
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China
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Enrofloxacin—The Ruthless Killer of Eukaryotic Cells or the Last Hope in the Fight against Bacterial Infections? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073648. [PMID: 35409007 PMCID: PMC8998546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enrofloxacin is a compound that originates from a group of fluoroquinolones that is widely used in veterinary medicine as an antibacterial agent (this antibiotic is not approved for use as a drug in humans). It reveals strong antibiotic activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mainly due to the inhibition of bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymatic actions. The high efficacy of this molecule has been demonstrated in the treatment of various animals on farms and other locations. However, the use of enrofloxacin causes severe adverse effects, including skeletal, reproductive, immune, and digestive disorders. In this review article, we present in detail and discuss the advantageous and disadvantageous properties of enrofloxacin, showing the benefits and risks of the use of this compound in veterinary medicine. Animal health and the environmental effects of this stable antibiotic (with half-life as long as 3–9 years in various natural environments) are analyzed, as are the interesting properties of this molecule that are expressed when present in complexes with metals. Recommendations for further research on enrofloxacin are also proposed.
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Chen J, Song B, Pei X, Cui Z, Xie D. Rheological Behavior of Environmentally Friendly Viscoelastic Solutions Formed by a Rosin-Based Anionic Surfactant. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2004-2011. [PMID: 30715867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is of great significance to explore novel applications of renewable resources. In this study, a rosin-based anionic surfactant (abbreviated R-11-2-Na), which contains a large hydrophobic group of 30 carbon atoms, was synthesized. R-11-2-Na forms wormlike micelles in the presence of the equimolar organic salt choline chloride, endowing solutions with strong viscoelasticity. The wormlike micellar solutions were investigated using rheology, small-angle X-ray scattering, and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM) methods at 25 °C. Due to the strong van der Waals interactions caused by the large hydrophobic group contained in R-11-2-Na, the zero-shear viscosity (η0) of solutions showed extremely strong dependence on the concentration with an exponent of 23.4. The cross-sectional diameter of the wormlike micelles in the present system was significantly larger than that of the wormlike micelles formed by surfactants containing conventional alkyl tails. This finding may be attributed to the steric hindrance brought by the bulky and rigid dehydroabietic acid unit in the hydrophobic part. The wormlike micelles also showed high tolerance to the organic salt concentration. The present study reveals the notable qualities of rosin-based derivatives in forming complex fluids and facilitates new utilizations of forest resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Binglei Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Xiaomei Pei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Zhenggang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Danhua Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Materials in Biochemical Industry, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Green Energy and Environment Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , Ningde Normal University , Ningde , Fujian 352100 , China
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Kirby A, Lewbart GA, Hancock-Ronemus A, Papich MG. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Atlantic horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) after single injection. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:349-353. [PMID: 29067728 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and the metabolite ciprofloxacin were studied in horseshoe crabs after a single injection of 5 mg/kg. Twelve Atlantic horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) of undetermined age were injected with enrofloxacin into the dorsal cardiac sinus. Hemolymph samples were collected by syringe and needle at regular intervals for 120 hr. Samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography and compartmental analysis performed on the results. Following injection, the elimination half-life (T½), peak concentration, area under the curve (AUC), and volume of distribution (VD) for enrofloxacin were 27.9 (29.13) hr, 8.98 (18.09) μg/ml, 367.38 (35.41) hr μg/ml, and 0.575 (20.48) L/kg, respectively (mean value, CV%). For ciprofloxacin, the elimination T½, peak concentration, and AUC were 61.36 (34.55) hr, 2.34 (24.11) μg/ml, and 304.46 (24.69) μg hr/ml. In these animals, the ciprofloxacin concentrations comprised an average of 45.8% of the total fluoroquinolone concentrations, which is substantial compared to other marine invertebrates. The total AUC produced (sum of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) was 682.69 ± 180.61 μg hr/ml. Concentrations that were achieved after a single dose of 5 mg/kg horseshoe crabs were sufficient to treat bacteria susceptible to enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kirby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G A Lewbart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - M G Papich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Cheng L, Chen Y, Zheng YY, Zhan Y, Zhao H, Zhou JL. Bioaccumulation of sulfadiazine and subsequent enzymatic activities in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 121:176-182. [PMID: 28601439 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of sulfadiazine and subsequent enzymatic activities in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were studied in microcosms, by exposing to 50, 100, 500 and 1000ng/L of sulfadiazine for 44days. An effective method for extracting sulfadiazine in crab tissues was established by modifying the cleanup method after ultrasound extraction, with improved recoveries of 61.8%, 93.7% and 100.5% in gill, muscle and liver samples. The results showed that sulfadiazine residues were all <3ng/g dry weight in different tissues, and that sulfadiazine bioaccumulation in crab was not dose-dependent. A significantly negative correlation was observed between acetylcholinesterase activity and the residue concentration of sulfadiazine during exposure to 50ng/L and 1000ng/L, and between alkaline phosphatase and sulfadiazine residues in the 100ng/L exposure group in the gill, suggesting that the two enzymes played an important role in the metabolism of sulfadiazine in crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yue Yao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jun Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Vergneau-Grosset C, Larrat S. Evidence-Based Advances in Aquatic Animal Medicine. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2017; 20:839-856. [PMID: 28781036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fish and aquatic invertebrates deserve evidence-based medicine. Pharmacologic information is available; most pharmacokinetic studies are derived from the aquaculture industry and extrapolated to ornamental fish. Conversely, advanced diagnostics and information regarding diseases affecting only ornamental fish and invertebrates require more peer-reviewed experimental studies; the examples of carp edema virus, sea star wasting disease, seahorse nutrition, and gas bubble disease of fish under human care are discussed. Antinociception is also a controversial topic of growing interest in aquatic animal medicine. This article summarizes information regarding new topics of interest in companion fish and invertebrates and highlights some future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Zoological Medicine Service, Aquarium du Québec, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sylvain Larrat
- Clinique Vétérinaire Benjamin Franklin, 38 Rue Du Danemark Za Porte Océane 2, Brech/Auray 56400, France.
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Fang X, Zhou J, Liu X. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of enrofloxacin after single intramuscular injection in Pacific white shrimp. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:148-154. [PMID: 28685835 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic properties and tissue distribution of enrofloxacin (EF) were investigated after single intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in Pacific white shrimp at 22 to 25°C. EF and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CF) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. After i.m. administration, EF was absorbed quickly, and the peak of EF concentration (Cmax ) reached at first time point in hemolymph. The volume of distribution Vd(area) of EF was 3.84 L/kg, indicating that the distribution of EF was good. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of EF was 90.1 and 274.2 μg hr/ml in muscle and hepatopancreas, respectively, which was higher than 75.8 μg hr/ml in hemolymph. The EF elimination was slow in muscle and hepatopancreas with the half-life (T1/2β ) of 52.3 and 75.8 hr, respectively. CF, the mainly metabolite of EF, was detected in hemolymph, muscle and hepatopancreas. The Cmax was 0.030, 0.013 and 0.218 μg/ml, respectively. Based on a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.006-0.032 μg/ml for susceptible strains, EF i.m. injected at a dose 10 mg/kg could be efficacious against common pathogenic bacteria of Pacific white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fang
- Department of Economical Animal Sciences and Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Economical Animal Sciences and Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Economical Animal Sciences and Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Deng Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Sun L, Wu C, Shi Q, Wang R, Sun X, Bi S, Gooneratne R. Effects of T-2 Toxin on Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Growth, and Antioxidant Defenses and Capacity and Histopathology in the Hepatopancreas. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2017; 29:15-25. [PMID: 28166479 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2016.1249577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Modified-masked T-2 toxin (mT-2) formed during metabolism in edible aquatic animals may go undetected by traditional analytical methods, thereby underestimating T-2 toxicity. The effects of T-2 on growth and antioxidant capacity and histopathological changes in the hepatopancreas were studied in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei exposed for 20 d to 0, 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, and 12.2 mg/kg of T-2 in their feed. The concentration of mT-2 in the hepatopancreas was detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry before and after trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) treatment that converted mT-2 to free T-2. A dose-dependent increase in mT-2 concentration was observed in the hepatopancreas. Dietary exposure to T-2 significantly decreased (P < 0.05) shrimp growth and survival rate compared with the controls. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly increased in shrimp exposed to feed with ≥2.4 mg/kg T-2 (P < 0.05). The antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and also glutathione (GSH) content increased in shrimp dosed with 2.4-4.8 mg/kg T-2 but declined at the highest dose (12.2 mg/kg), probably indicating an inability to cope with high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as evident from a marked increase in MDA (P < 0.05) culminating in cellular toxicity. Histopathological changes in the hepatopancreas were dose dependent, with cell autophagy evident at the highest exposure dose. This is the first report in shrimp of a dose-dependent increase in ROS, SOD enzyme activity, and T-AOC at low T-2 exposures, and associated histopathological changes in the hepatopancreas, in response to dietary T-2. Received January 26, 2016; accepted October 9, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Deng
- a College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
| | - Yaling Wang
- a College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- a College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
| | - Lijun Sun
- a College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
| | - Chaojin Wu
- a College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
| | - Qi Shi
- a College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
| | - Rundong Wang
- a College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- b College of Environment and Resources , Dalian Nationalities University , Dalian , 116600 , China
| | - Siyuan Bi
- c Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnologies Company Ltd ., Shenzhen , 518102 , China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- d Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences , Lincoln University , Lincoln 7647 , Canterbury , New Zealand
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Rosenberg JF, Haulena M, Phillips BE, Harms CA, Lewbart GA, Lahner LL, Papich MG. Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in purple sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) following an intracoelomic injection or extended immersion. Am J Vet Res 2017; 77:1266-1275. [PMID: 27805448 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.11.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in purple sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) administered an intracoelomic injection of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg) or immersed in an enrofloxacin solution (5 mg/L) for 6 hours. ANIMALS 28 sea stars of undetermined age and sex. PROCEDURES The study had 2 phases. Twelve sea stars received an intracoelomic injection of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg) or were immersed in an enrofloxacin solution (5 mg/L) for 6 hours during the injection and immersion phases, respectively. Two untreated sea stars were housed with the treated animals following enrofloxacin administration during both phases. Water vascular system fluid samples were collected from 4 sea stars and all controls at predetermined times during and after enrofloxacin administration. The enrofloxacin concentration in those samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. For each phase, noncompartmental analysis of naïve averaged pooled samples was used to obtain initial parameter estimates; then, population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed that accounted for the sparse sampling technique used. RESULTS Injection phase data were best fit with a 2-compartment model; elimination half-life, peak concentration, area under the curve, and volume of distribution were 42.8 hours, 18.9 μg/mL, 353.8 μg•h/mL, and 0.25 L/kg, respectively. Immersion phase data were best fit with a 1-compartment model; elimination half-life, peak concentration, and area under the curve were 56 hours, 36.3 μg•h/mL, and 0.39 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that the described enrofloxacin administration resulted in water vascular system fluid drug concentrations expected to exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration for many bacterial pathogens.
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Fu G, Zhou C, Wang Y, Fang W, Zhou J, Zhao S, Ma L. Effects of inducers of cytochrome P450s on enrofloxacin N-deethylation in crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 46:188-193. [PMID: 27490210 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study with crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), the effect on enrofloxacin (EF) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CF) and on the activity of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) was estimated following the oral administration of rifampicin (RIF) (12mg/kg) and β-naphthoflavone (BNF) (12mg/kg), respectively. First, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to detect the pharmacokinetics of EF with continual blood sampling. In RIF-treated, BNF-treated and control groups, the value of the CmaxCF/CmaxEF ratio was 4.41, 0.81 and 0.95, and the corresponding value of the AUC0-t-CF/AUC0-t-EF ratio was 3.69, 1.84 and 1.76, respectively. In the RIF-treated, BNF-treated and control groups, the MRT values of EF were 26.57, 27.45 and 30.88h, and the corresponding values for CF were 5.79, 35.18 and 38.11h, respectively. Based on these results for crucian carp, the accumulation and elimination of EF and CF in the RIF-treated group were more rapid than in BNF-treated and control groups. Second, liver microsomes were pretreated with the inducer of CYP1A for BNF and that of CYP3A for RIF, and then the enzymatic activities of CYP1A and CYP3A were measured, respectively. The activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation (EROD) and erythromycin-N-demethylation (ERND) increased significantly (P<0.05) for CYP1A and CYP3A, respectively. However, in further experiments on the formation of CF, the level of EF N-deethylation was significantly induced by RIF and inhibited by ketoconazole (KTZ) for CYP3A but had no influence for CYP1A, BNF and berberine chloride (BER). We concluded that CYP3A might be responsible for the N-deethylation of EF and because of this activity, could also serve as a toxicity biomarker in crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Fu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wenhong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Junfang Zhou
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Licai Ma
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 300 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
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POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS OF ENROFLOXACIN AND ITS METABOLITE CIPROFLOXACIN IN THE GREEN SEA URCHIN (STRONGYLOCENTROTUS DROEBACHIENSIS) FOLLOWING INTRACOELOMIC AND IMMERSION ADMINISTRATION. J Zoo Wildl Med 2016; 47:175-86. [DOI: 10.1638/2015-0110.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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