1
|
Kang J, Chae H, Jeong S, Pervin R, Hossain MA. Evaluation of Biological Equivalence for Generic Tulathromycin Injections in Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16262. [PMID: 38003452 PMCID: PMC10671567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent expiration of patents for the antibiotic tulathromycin has led to a significant increase in the number of generic tulathromycin products (GTPs) available. This study aims to evaluate the bioequivalence of four GTPs, which experienced a rapid increase in market share. The bioequivalence was evaluated by performing pharmacokinetic assessments. The four selected GTPs (Tulaject, Tulagen, Toulashot, and T-raxxin) were compared with the reference product, Draxxin. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg.bw/day was administered via subcutaneous injection, and blood samples were collected 460 times from 20 Holstein cattle. Plasma concentrations of tulathromycin were measured over time using LC-MS/MS analysis. Bioequivalence was evaluated using a statistical program for pharmacokinetic parameters, including the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). The bioequivalence was considered proven if the difference between the test and reference products was within 20% for both AUC and Cmax. The results showed that the confidence interval (CI, 90%) for both AUC and Cmax values was within the 80~120% range, demonstrating the bioequivalence of the four GTPs compared to Draxxin. This study provides evidence for the bioequivalence of the selected GTPs, contributing to their validation for use as effective antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JeongWoo Kang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - HyunYoung Chae
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - SungHoon Jeong
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Rokeya Pervin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (MC790), Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Md Akil Hossain
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood St. (MC964), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao Y, Sun P, Qiu J, Kong J, Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhou D, Wang J, Cao X. Determination of lekethromycin in plasma and tissues of pneumonia-infected rats by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123811. [PMID: 37390773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Lekethromycin (LKMS), a novel semi-synthetic macrolide lactone, had the characteristics of high plasma protein binding rate, fast absorption, slow elimination, and wide distribution in rat pharmacokinetics studies. A reliable analytical ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-based method was established by using tulathromycin and TLM (CP-60, 300) as internal standards for detection of LKMS and LKMS-HA, respectively. Samples preparation and UPLC-MS/MS conditions were optimized for complete and accurate quantification. Tissue samples were extracted with 1% formic acid in acetonitrile and purified by PCX cartridges. According to FDA and EMA guidelines for bioanalytical method, several rat characteristic tissues were selected for method validation, such as muscle, lung, spleen, liver, kidney, and intestines. The transitions m/z 402.900 > 158.300, m/z 577.372 > 158.309, m/z 404.200 > 158.200, and m/z 577.372 > 116.253 were monitored and quantified for LKMS, LKMS-HA, tulathromycin and TLM, respectively. According to the ratio with IS peak aera, the accuracy and precision of LKMS were 84.31%-112.50% with RSD 0.93%-9.79% and LKMS-HA were 84.62%-103.96% with RSD 0.73%-10.69%, and the method had been established and complied with FDA, EU, and Japanese guidelines. Finally, this method was applied to detect LKMS and LKMS-HA in plasma and tissues of pneumonia-infected rats that were intramuscularly administered and treated with LKMS intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg BW and 10 mg/kg BW, and the characteristics of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution were compared with normal rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Degang Zhou
- Henan Pulike Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Luo Yang, Henan 471000, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao L, Yang L, Ling Y, Wei Y, Shen X, Ding H. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Tulathromycin Against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a Porcine Tissue Cage Infection Model. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:822432. [PMID: 35419449 PMCID: PMC8995781 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.822432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tulathromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic that is highly effective in treating respiratory tract bacterial infections. We evaluated the in vivo antibacterial activity of tulathromycin against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in piglets and determined its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships using a tissue cage infection model. A. pleuropneumoniae (108 CFU/ml) was exposed to tulathromycin via intramuscular injection followed by a collection of cage tissue fluids at various intervals. The percentage of time the drug concentration remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) divided by the dosing interval (%T > MIC) was the best PK/PD index to describe the antibacterial efficacy of tulathromycin (R 2 = 0.9421). The %T > MIC values required to achieve 1 - log10CFU/ml reductions and bactericidal activity (3 - log10CFU/ml reduction) were 50.8 and 96.38%, respectively. These results demonstrated that maintaining %T > MIC above 96.38% achieved bactericidal activity and thereby optimized the clinical dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huanzhong Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xia X, Yang L, Ling Y, Yu J, Ding H. Emergence and Mechanism of Resistance of Tulathromycin Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in a PK/PD Model and the Fitness Costs of 23S rRNA Mutants. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:801800. [PMID: 35224081 PMCID: PMC8873822 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.801800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolides are widely used in diseases caused by Mycoplasma spp. The new semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic tulathromycin is currently in wide use for the treatment of respiratory diseases of livestock. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of tulathromycin against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to reveal mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and to evaluate the fitness of drug-resistant strains. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine drug concentrations for the in vitro model after dosing. The peak concentrations were in the range 0.3125–20 μg/mL (1 × MIC-64 × MIC). The ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) over 72 h divided by the MIC (AUC72h/MIC) had the highest correlation with the antibacterial effect of tulathromycin against M. hyopneumoniae. Tulathromycin also showed concentration-dependent antimicrobial effects and promoted the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria after being cultured for 168 h and most were mutations in 23S rRNA at site A2058G (E.coli numbering) and only a single isolate was an A2058T (E.coli numbering) mutant. In the presence of reserpine, we determined the MIC of tulathromycin, tilmicosin, tiamulin and tylosin against these drug-resistant bacteria and the strains with efflux pump mechanisms were found among the strains resistant to tilmicosin. Gene expression analysis indicated that the ABC and MATE transporter efflux pump genes RS01935, RS02670, RS01115, RS01970, RS02395 and RS03540 (MATE family efflux transporter) were up-regulated in the three strains (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These investigations provide guidance for clinical administration of tulathromycin and elucidate the mechanism and fitness cost of drug resistance in M. hyopneumoniae.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yaeger M, Mochel JP, Wu Z, Plummer P, Sahin O, Smith J, Ocal M, Beyi A, Xu C, Zhang Q, Griffith RW. Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in pregnant ewes (Ovis aries) challenged with Campylobacter jejuni. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256862. [PMID: 34449832 PMCID: PMC8396736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in the plasma and maternal and fetal tissues of pregnant ewes when administered within 24 hours of a single, IV Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) challenge. Twelve, pregnant ewes between 72-92 days of gestation were challenged IV with C. jejuni IA3902 and then treated with 1.1 ml/45.36 kg of tulathromycin subcutaneously 18 hours post-challenge. Ewes were bled at predetermined time points and euthanized either at a predetermined time point or following the observation of vaginal bleeding or abortion. Following euthanasia, tissues were collected for bacterial culture, pharmacokinetics and histologic examination. The maximum (geometric) mean tulathromycin plasma concentration was estimated at 0.302 μg/mL, with a peak level observed at around 1.2 hours. The apparent systemic clearance of tulathromycin was estimated at 16.6 L/h (or 0.28 L/kg/h) with an elimination half-life estimated at approximately 22 hours. The mean tissue concentrations were highest in the uterus (2.464 μg/g) and placentome (0.484 μg/g), and were lowest in fetal liver (0.11 μg/g) and fetal lung (0.03 μg/g). Compared to previous reports, results of this study demonstrate that prior IV administration of C. jejuni appeared to substantially alter the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin, reducing both the peak plasma concentrations and elimination half-life. However, additional controlled trials are required to confirm those observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yaeger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JPM); (MY)
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JPM); (MY)
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Paul Plummer
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Joseph Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Melda Ocal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Ashenafi Beyi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Changyun Xu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Griffith
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martinez MN, Greene J, Kenna L, Kissell L, Kuhn M. The Impact of Infection and Inflammation on Drug Metabolism, Active Transport, and Systemic Drug Concentrations in Veterinary Species. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:631-644. [PMID: 32503881 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Within human medicine, it is recognized that the pharmacokinetics (PK) of many compounds can be altered by the presence of inflammation or infection. Research into the reason for these changes has identified pathways that can influence drug absorption, clearance, and tissue distribution. In contrast, far less is known about these relationships within the framework of veterinary medicine. Rather, most of the PK data generated in veterinary species employs healthy subjects, raising the question of whether these studies are founded on an assumption that healthy animal PK reflect that of the diseased animal population. Accordingly, there is a need to explore the PK changes that might be overlooked in studies that recruit only healthy animals to assesses drug PK. To meet this objective, we surveyed the published literature for studies focusing on the impact of disease on the dose-exposure relationships in food-producing and companion animal species. We found that, consistent with humans and laboratory species, both up- and downregulation of the various cytochrome isoenzymes and/or transporters have occurred in response to an increase in inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest that, as observed in human medicine, the potential for differences in the drug PK in healthy versus animal patients points to a need for acquiring a greater understanding of these changes and how they may influence the dose-exposure-response relationships of veterinary pharmaceuticals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review delivers a much-needed summary of published information that provides insights into how disease and inflammation can influence the appropriateness of extrapolating laboratory-based dose-exposure-response relationships to what will occur in the actual veterinary patient. As part of this review, we also examine some of the method-associated issues to be considered when assessing the reported nature and magnitude of these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn N Martinez
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland (M.N.M., J.G., L.Ke., L.Ki.) and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan (M.K.)
| | - Jonathan Greene
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland (M.N.M., J.G., L.Ke., L.Ki.) and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan (M.K.)
| | - Leslie Kenna
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland (M.N.M., J.G., L.Ke., L.Ki.) and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan (M.K.)
| | - Lindsey Kissell
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland (M.N.M., J.G., L.Ke., L.Ki.) and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan (M.K.)
| | - Matt Kuhn
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland (M.N.M., J.G., L.Ke., L.Ki.) and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiong J, Zhu Q, Yang S, Zhao Y, Cui L, Zhuang F, Qiu Y, Cao J. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in healthy pigs and pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. N Z Vet J 2019; 67:257-263. [PMID: 31208293 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2019.1633434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of tilmicosin, administered orally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg bodyweight, in healthy pigs and in pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Methods: Twelve healthy crossbred pigs, aged approximately 8 weeks, were randomly assigned to uninfected and infected groups, with six pigs per group. Pigs in the infected group were inoculated intranasally with a bacterial suspension of A. pleuropneumoniae containing approximately 108 cfu. Each pig received a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg bodyweight of tilmicosin, given 3-4 hours after inoculation in infected pigs. Blood samples were collected before drug administration and up to 48 hours after tilmicosin administration. Concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma samples were determined by HPLC. Throughout the experimental period pigs were observed for signs of inappetence and clinical abnormalities. After sampling was complete pigs were subject to euthanasia and samples collected for gross and histopathology as well as microbiology. Results: Infected pigs showed signs of bradykinesia, nasal discharge dyspnoea, and coughing 1 hours after inoculation and A. pleuropneumoniae was cultured from the lungs of all infected pigs postmortem. Comparing pharmacokinetic parameters in uninfected and infected pigs, the maximum plasma concentration of tilmicosin was higher in uninfected pigs (1.17 (SD 0.17) vs. 0.96 (SD 0.17) µg/mL), the time to reach maximum concentration was shorter (1.53 (SD 0.23) vs. 2.40 (SD 0.37) hours), and the half-life of the absorption phase and half-life of the elimination phase were both shorter (0.66 (SD 0.08) vs. 1.00 (SD 0.27) hours) and (12.93 (SD 0.96) vs. 16.53 (SD 0.55) hours), respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was smaller in uninfected than infected pigs (1.91 (SD 0.22) vs. 2.16 (SD 0.21) L/kg). The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin in infected relative to uninfected pigs was 108.6 (SD 9.71)%. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The results of this study indicate that A. pleuropneumoniae infection significantly changed certain pharmacokinetic parameters of tilmicosin in pigs. In infected pigs tilmicosin exhibited a longer drug persistence and a better extent of absorption. These results indicate that it is necessary to monitor and adjust the dose of tilmicosin administration during the presence of pleuropneumonia. It is expected that this can optimise clinical efficacy and help avoid the development of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xiong
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhu
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - S Yang
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhao
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - L Cui
- b Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - F Zhuang
- c Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Y Qiu
- c Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - J Cao
- a Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith JS, Mochel JP, Borts DJ, Griffith RW. Effects of experimentally induced respiratory disease on the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of tulathromycin in meat goats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 42:420-429. [PMID: 31183876 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tulathromycin is a macrolide antibiotic commonly used for the treatment of respiratory disease in food animal species including goats. Recent research in pigs has suggested that the presence of disease could alter the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in animals with respiratory disease. The objectives of this study were (a) compare the plasma pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in healthy goats as well as goats with an induced respiratory disease; and (b) to compare the tissue residue concentrations of tulathromycin marker in both groups. For this trial, disease was induced with Pasteurella multocida. Following disease induction, tulathromycin was administered. Samples of plasma were collected at various time points up to 312 hr posttreatment, when study animals were euthanized and tissue samples were collected. For PK parameters in plasma, Vz (control: 28.7 ± 11.9 ml/kg; experimental: 57.8 ± 26.6 ml/kg) was significantly higher (p = 0.0454) in the experimental group than the control group, and nonsignificant differences were noted in other parameters. Among time points significantly lower plasma concentrations were noted in the experimental group at 168 hr (p = 0.023), 216 hr (p = 0.036), 264 hr (p = 0.0017), 288 hr (p = 0.0433), and 312 hr (p = 0.0486). None of the goats had tissue residues above the US bovine limit of 5 µg/g at the end of the study. No differences were observed between muscle, liver, or fat concentrations. A significantly lower concentration (p = 0.0095) was noted in the kidneys of experimental goats when compared to the control group. These results suggest that the effect of respiratory disease on the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues appear minimal after experimental P. multocida infection, however as evidenced by the disparity in Cmax , significant differences in plasma concentrations at terminal time points, as well as the differences in kidney concentrations, there is the potential for alterations in diseased versus clinical animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe S Smith
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - David J Borts
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Ronald W Griffith
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou YF, Peng HM, Bu MX, Liu YH, Sun J, Liao XP. Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and PK/PD-Based Dose Prediction of Tulathromycin: A Potential New Indication for Streptococcus suis Infection. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:684. [PMID: 29033841 PMCID: PMC5627010 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tulathromycin is the first member of the triamilide antimicrobial drugs that has been registered in more than 30 countries. The goal of this study is to provide a potential new indication of tulathromycin for Streptococcus suis infections. We investigated the pharmacokinetic and ex vivo pharmacodynamics of tulathromycin against experimental S. suis infection in piglets. Tulathromycin demonstrated a relatively long elimination half-life (74.1 h) and a mean residence time of 97.6 h after a single intramuscular administration. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bactericidal concentration in serum were markedly lower than those in broth culture, with Mueller–Hinton broth/serum ratios of 40.3 and 11.4, respectively. The post-antibiotic effects were at 1.27 h (1× MIC) and 2.03 h (4× MIC) and the post-antibiotic sub-MIC effect values ranged from 2.47 to 3.10 h. The ratio of the area under the concentration–time curve divided by the MIC (AUC/MIC) correlated well with the ex vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of tulathromycin (R2 = 0.9711). The calculated AUC12h/MIC ratios in serum required to produce the net bacterial stasis, 1-log10 and 2-log10 killing activities were 9.62, 18.9, and 32.7, respectively. Based on the results of Monte Carlo simulation, a dosage regimen of 3.56 mg/kg tulathromycin was estimated to be effective, achieving for a bacteriostatic activity against S. suis infection over 5 days period. Tulathromycin may become a potential option for the treatment of S. suis infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Zhou
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Peng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xiao Bu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gbylik-Sikorska M, Gajda A, Posyniak A. Pharmacokinetic depletion phase of doxycycline in healthy and Mycoplasma gallisepticum
-infected chicken broilers after coadministration of enrofloxacin traces. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:166-169. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gbylik-Sikorska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI); Pulawy Poland
| | - A. Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI); Pulawy Poland
| | - A. Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI); Pulawy Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou Q, Zhang G, Wang Q, Liu W, Huang Y, Yu P, Li Y, Ding H, Fang B. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tulathromycin against Pasteurella multocida in a Porcine Tissue Cage Model. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:392. [PMID: 28701951 PMCID: PMC5487385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tulathromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, is used for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle and swine. The aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro and ex vivo activities of tulathromycin in serum, (non-inflamed) transudate, and (inflamed) exudate against Pasteurella multocida in piglets. The pharmacokinetics properties of tulathromycin were studied for serum, transudate, and exudate using a tissue cage model. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of P. multocida and dynamic time-kill curve experiments over eight tulathromycin concentrations were determined. The ratio of 24-h area under the concentration–time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration [AUC(0-24 h)/MIC] was recognized as an important pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameter of tulathromycin for antibacterial efficiency (R2 = 0.9969). In serum ex vivo, for bacteriostatic, bactericidal activity, and virtual bacterial eradication AUC(0-24 h)/MIC values for tulathromycin were 44.55, 73.19, and 92.44 h by using sigmoid Emax model WinNonlin software, respectively, and lower values were obtained for exudate and transudate. In conjunction with the data on MIC90, the dose of tulathromycin for a bacteriostatic effect and virtual elimination of P. multocida as computed using the value of the PK/PD breakpoint obtained in serum were 6.39 and 13.25 mg/kg. However, it would be preferable to calculate a dose combined with population pharmacokinetics data to optimize the dosage regimen for bacteriological and clinical cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyi Zhou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guijun Zhang
- Guangdong Wens Dahuanong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.Yunfu, China
| | - Qin Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Pengling Yu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Huanzhong Ding
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Binghu Fang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rutenberg D, Venner M, Giguère S. Efficacy of Tulathromycin for the Treatment of Foals with Mild to Moderate Bronchopneumonia. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:901-906. [PMID: 28421633 PMCID: PMC5435035 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting data regarding the efficacy of tulathromycin for the treatment of foals with bronchopneumonia. HYPOTHESES Tulathromycin is effective for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in foals and noninferior to the combination of azithromycin and rifampin. ANIMALS A total of 240 foals on a farm endemic for infections caused by Rhodococcus equi. METHODS In a controlled, randomized, and double-blinded clinical trial, foals with ultrasonographic pulmonary lesions (abscess score 10-15 cm) were allocated to 3 groups: 1-tulathromycin IM q 7 days (n = 80); 2-azithromycin-rifampin, orally q24h (n = 80); or 3-untreated controls (n = 80). Physical examination and thoracic ultrasonography were performed by individuals unaware of treatment group assignment. Foals that worsened were considered treatment failures and removed from the study. RESULTS The proportion of foals that recovered was significantly higher for foals treated with tulathromycin (70 of 79) or azithromycin-rifampin (76 of 80) compared to that of control foals (22 of 80). The difference in the percentage of efficacy of azithromycin-rifampin versus tulathromycin was 6.4% (90% CI = -0.72-13.5%). Given that the confidence interval crossed the predetermined noninferiority limit of 10%, the null hypothesis that the response rate in the azithromycin-rifampin group is superior to that of the tulathromycin group could not be rejected. Resolution of ultrasonographic lesions occurred faster in foals treated with azithromycin-rifampin than in foals treated with tulathromycin. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Tulathromycin was effective for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in foals at this farm but not as effective as the combination of azithromycin-rifampin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Rutenberg
- Equine Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - M Venner
- Veterinary Clinic, Destedt, Germany
| | - S Giguère
- Veterinary Medical Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| |
Collapse
|