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Daňková K, Nicholas S, Nordström K. Temperature during pupal development affects hoverfly developmental time, adult life span, and wing length. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10516. [PMID: 37881229 PMCID: PMC10597744 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) are cosmopolitan, generalist flower visitors and among the most important pollinators after bees and bumblebees. The dronefly Eristalis tenax can be found in temperate and continental climates across the globe, often synanthropically. Eristalis tenax pupae of different generations and different climate zones are thus exposed to vastly different temperatures. In many insects, the ambient temperature during the pupal stage affects development, adult size, and survival; however, the effect of developmental temperature on these traits in hoverflies is comparatively poorly understood. We here reared E. tenax pupae at different temperatures, from 10°C to 25°C, and quantified the effect on adult hoverflies. We found that pupal rearing at 17°C appeared to be optimal, with high eclosion rates, longer wings, and increased adult longevity. Rearing temperatures above or below this optimum led to decreased eclosion rates, wing size, and adult survival. Similar thermal dependence has been observed in other insects. We found that rearing temperature had no significant effect on locomotor activity, coloration or weight, despite evidence of strong sexual dimorphism for each of these traits. Our findings are important as hoverflies are key pollinators, and understanding the effects of developmental temperature could potentially be useful for horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Daňková
- Flinders Health and Medical Research InstituteFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPraha 2Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Nicholas
- Flinders Health and Medical Research InstituteFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Karin Nordström
- Flinders Health and Medical Research InstituteFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Ludoški J, Francuski L, Gojković N, Matić B, Milankov V. Sexual size and shape dimorphism, and allometric scaling in the pupal and adult traits of Eristalis tenax. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9907. [PMID: 36937060 PMCID: PMC10015363 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The patterns and amount of variation in size, shape, and/or life history traits between females and males are fundamentally important to gain the comprehensive understanding of the evolution of phenotypic diversity. In addition, the covariation of phenotypic traits can significantly contribute to morphological diversification and sexual dimorphism (SD). Using linear and geometric morphometrics, 237 Eristalis tenax specimens sampled from five populations were, therefore, comparatively assessed for the variation in sexual size dimorphism (SSD), sexual shape dimorphism (SShD), and life history traits, as well as for trait covariation (ontogenetic and static allometry). Pupal body, adult wing, and body mass traits were analyzed. Female-biased SSD was observed for pupal length, width, and centroid size, adult wing centroid size, mass, wing loading, and wing area. Conversely, pupal length/width ratio, developmental time, and mass were not found to be sexually dimorphic. Next, wing SShD, but not pupal body SShD was revealed, while allometry was found to be an important "determinant of SD" at the adult stage, with only a minor impact at the pupal stage. By comparing the patterns of covariance (based on allometric slope and intercept) between respective body mass and morphometric traits of pupae and adults, greater variation in allometric slopes was found in adult traits, while static allometries of the two stages significantly differed, as well. Finally, the results indicate that changes in the allometric intercept could be an important source of intraspecific variation and SD in drone fly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Ludoški
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Ljubinka Francuski
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
- Protix BVDongenThe Netherlands
| | - Nemanja Gojković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Bojana Matić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Vesna Milankov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
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Feigs JT, Holzhauer SIJ, Huang S, Brunet J, Diekmann M, Hedwall PO, Kramp K, Naaf T. Pollinator movement activity influences genetic diversity and differentiation of spatially isolated populations of clonal forest herbs. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.908258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In agricultural landscapes, forest herbs live in small, spatially isolated forest patches. For their long-term survival, their populations depend on animals as genetic linkers that provide pollen- or seed-mediated gene flow among different forest patches. However, whether insect pollinators serve as genetic linkers among spatially isolated forest herb populations in agricultural landscapes remains to be shown. Here, we used population genetic methods to analyze: (A) the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of populations of two common, slow-colonizing temperate forest herb species [Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. and Anemone nemorosa L.] in spatially isolated populations within three agricultural landscapes in Germany and Sweden and (B) the movement activity of their most relevant associated pollinator species, i.e., the bumblebee Bombus pascuorum (Scopoli, 1,763) and the hoverfly Melanostoma scalare (Fabricus, 1,794), respectively, which differ in their mobility. We tested whether the indicated pollinator movement activity affected the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the forest herb populations. Bumblebee movement indicators that solely indicated movement activity between the forest patches affected both genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the associated forest herb P. multiflorum in a way that can be explained by pollen-mediated gene flow among the forest herb populations. In contrast, movement indicators reflecting the total movement activity at a forest patch (including within-forest patch movement activity) showed unexpected effects for both plant-pollinator pairs that might be explained by accelerated genetic drift due to enhanced sexual reproduction. Our integrated approach revealed that bumblebees serve as genetic linkers of associated forest herb populations, even if they are more than 2 km apart from each other. No such evidence was found for the forest associated hoverfly species which showed significant genetic differentiation among forest patches itself. Our approach also indicated that a higher within-forest patch movement activity of both pollinator species might enhance sexual recruitment and thus diminishes the temporal buffer that clonal growth provides against habitat fragmentation effects.
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Clem CS, Hobson KA, Harmon‐Threatt AN. Do Nearctic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) engage in long‐distance migration? An assessment of evidence and mechanisms. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Scott Clem
- Department of Entomology University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
- Department of Entomology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Keith A. Hobson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Department of Biology University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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Noel G, Bonnet J, Everaerts S, Danel A, Calderan A, de Liedekerke A, de Montpellier d'Annevoie C, Francis F, Serteyn L. Distribution of wild bee (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) and hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) communities within farms undergoing ecological transition. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e60665. [PMID: 33519264 PMCID: PMC7819954 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e60665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Havelange (Belgium), two farms are experiencing an ecological transition. We aimed to evaluate the impact of their agricultural activities on insect pollinator communities. This article depicts the situation at the very early stage of the farm transition. This study supports the fact that the maintenance of farm-level natural habitats provides environmental benefits, such as the conservation of two important pollinator communities: wild bees and hoverflies. New information Over two years (2018-2019), by using nets and coloured pan-traps, we collected 6301 bee and hoverfly specimens amongst contrasting habitats within two farmsteads undergoing ecological transition in Havelange (Belgium). We reported 101 bee species and morphospecies from 15 genera within six families and 31 hoverfly species and morphospecies from 18 genera. This list reinforces the national pollinator database by providing new distribution data for extinction-threatened species, such as Andrenaschencki Morawitz 1866, Bombuscampestris (Panzer 1801), Euceralongicornis (L.) and Halictusmaculatus Smith 1848 or for data deficient species, such as A.semilaevis Pérez 1903, A.fulvata (Müller 1766), A.trimmerana (Kirby 1802) and Hylaeusbrevicornis Nylander 1852.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Noel
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA Gembloux Belgium
| | - Julie Bonnet
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA Gembloux Belgium
| | - Sylvain Everaerts
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA Gembloux Belgium
| | - Anouk Danel
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA Gembloux Belgium
| | - Alix Calderan
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA Gembloux Belgium
| | - Alexis de Liedekerke
- Ferme de Froidefontaine, Havelange, Belgium Ferme de Froidefontaine Havelange Belgium
| | - Clotilde de Montpellier d'Annevoie
- Department of Geography, Institute Transitions, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium Department of Geography, Institute Transitions, University of Namur Namur Belgium.,Ferme d'Emeville, Havelange, Belgium Ferme d'Emeville Havelange Belgium
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA Gembloux Belgium
| | - Laurent Serteyn
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, TERRA Gembloux Belgium
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Thyselius M, Gonzalez-Bellido PT, Wardill TJ, Nordström K. Visual approach computation in feeding hoverflies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.177162. [PMID: 29720383 PMCID: PMC5992577 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.177162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
On warm sunny days, female hoverflies are often observed feeding from a wide range of wild and cultivated flowers. In doing so, hoverflies serve a vital role as alternative pollinators, and are suggested to be the most important pollinators after bees and bumblebees. Unless the flower hoverflies are feeding from is large, they do not readily share the space with other insects, but instead opt to leave if another insect approaches. We used high-speed videography followed by 3D reconstruction of flight trajectories to quantify how female Eristalis hoverflies respond to approaching bees, wasps and two different hoverfly species. We found that, in 94% of the interactions, the occupant female left the flower when approached by another insect. We found that compared with spontaneous take-offs, the occupant hoverfly's escape response was performed at ∼3 times higher speed (spontaneous take-off at 0.2±0.05 m s−1 compared with 0.55±0.08 m s−1 when approached by another Eristalis). The hoverflies tended to take off upward and forward, while taking the incomer's approach angle into account. Intriguingly, we found that, when approached by wasps, the occupant Eristalis took off at a higher speed and when the wasp was further away. This suggests that feeding hoverflies may be able to distinguish these predators, demanding impressive visual capabilities. Our results, including quantification of the visual information available before occupant take-off, provide important insight into how freely behaving hoverflies perform escape responses from competitors and predators (e.g. wasps) in the wild. Highlighted Article: Reconstruction of the take-off and flight of feeding female hoverflies when approached by other insects, and quantification of visual parameters, reveals how freely behaving hoverflies perform escape responses from competitors and predators in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Thyselius
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paloma T Gonzalez-Bellido
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 2EG, UK
| | - Trevor J Wardill
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 2EG, UK
| | - Karin Nordström
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden .,Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Chroni A, Djan M, Vidaković DO, Petanidou T, Vujić A. Molecular species delimitation in the genus Eumerus (Diptera: Syrphidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:126-138. [PMID: 27572819 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eumerus is one of the most diverse genera of hoverfly worldwide. Species delimitation within genus is considered to be difficult due to: (a) lack of an efficient key; (b) non-defined taxonomical status of a large number of species; and (c) blurred nomenclature. Here, we present the first molecular study to delimit species of the genus by using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) gene. We assessed 75 specimens assigned to 28 taxa originating from two biogeographic zones: 22 from the western Palaearctic and six from the Afrotropical region. Two datasets were generated based on different sequence lengths to explore the significance of availability of more polymorphic sites for species delimitation; dataset A with a total length of 647 bp and dataset B with 746 bp. Various tree inference approaches and Poisson tree processes models were applied to evaluate the putative 'taxonomical' vs. 'molecular' taxa clusters. All analyses resulted in high taxonomic resolution and clear species delimitation for both the dataset lengths. Furthermore, we revealed a high number of mitochondrial haplotypes and high intraspecific variability. We report two major monophyletic clades, and seven 'molecular' groups of taxa formed, which are congruent with morphology-based taxonomy. Our results support the use of the mitochondrial COI gene in species diagnosis of Eumerus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chroni
- Department of Geography,University of the Aegean, University Hill,81100, Mytilene,Greece
| | - M Djan
- Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology and Ecology,University of Novi Sad,Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 2100,Novi Sad,Serbia
| | - D Obreht Vidaković
- Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology and Ecology,University of Novi Sad,Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 2100,Novi Sad,Serbia
| | - T Petanidou
- Department of Geography,University of the Aegean, University Hill,81100, Mytilene,Greece
| | - A Vujić
- Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology and Ecology,University of Novi Sad,Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 2100,Novi Sad,Serbia
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Francuski L, Milankov V. Assessing spatial population structure and heterogeneity in the dronefly. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Francuski
- Faculty of Sciences Department of Biology and Ecology University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | - V. Milankov
- Faculty of Sciences Department of Biology and Ecology University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
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Raymond L, Vialatte A, Plantegenest M. Combination of morphometric and isotopic tools for studying spring migration dynamics inEpisyrphus balteatus. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00075.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Francuski L, Djurakic M, Ståhls G, Milankov V. Landscape genetics and wing morphometrics show a lack of structuring across island and coastal populations of the drone fly in the Mediterranean. J Zool (1987) 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Francuski
- Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - M. Djurakic
- Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - G. Ståhls
- Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - V. Milankov
- Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
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