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Reyes-Arias JD, Brady B, Ramos EA, Henaut Y, Castelblanco-Martínez DN, Maust-Mohl M, Searle L, Pérez-Lachaud G, Guzmán HM, Poveda H, Merchan F, Contreras K, Sanchez-Galan JE, Collom KA, Magnasco MO. Vocalizations of wild West Indian manatee vary across subspecies and geographic location. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11028. [PMID: 37419931 PMCID: PMC10328939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Geographic variation in the vocal behavior of manatees has been reported but is largely unexplored. Vocalizations of wild West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) were recorded with hydrophones in Florida from Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris), and in Belize and Panama from Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) to determine if calls varied between subspecies and geographic regions. Calls were visually classified into five categories: squeaks, high squeaks, squeals, squeak-squeals, and chirps. From these five categories, only three call types (squeaks, high squeaks and squeals) were observed in all three populations. Six parameters from the temporal and frequency domains were measured from the fundamental frequency of 2878 manatee vocalizations. A repeated measures PERMANOVA found significant differences for squeaks and high squeaks between each geographic location and for squeals between Belize and Florida. Almost all measured frequency and temporal parameters of manatee vocalizations differed between and within subspecies. Variables that may have influenced the variation observed may be related to sex, body size, habitat and/or other factors. Our findings provide critical information of manatee calls for wildlife monitoring and highlight the need for further study of the vocal behavior of manatees throughout their range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Reyes-Arias
- Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Beth Brady
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Eric A Ramos
- Fundación Internacional para la Naturaleza y la Sustentabilidad (FINS), 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yann Henaut
- Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
| | - Delma Nataly Castelblanco-Martínez
- Fundación Internacional para la Naturaleza y la Sustentabilidad (FINS), 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, 77039, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Maria Maust-Mohl
- Department of Psychology, Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York, NY, 10471, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud
- Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Héctor M Guzmán
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| | - Héctor Poveda
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas de Comunicaciones Digitales Avanzados (GISCDA), Facultad de Ingeniería de Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, El Dorado, Panama City, 0819-07289, Panama
| | - Fernando Merchan
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas de Comunicaciones Digitales Avanzados (GISCDA), Facultad de Ingeniería de Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, El Dorado, Panama City, 0819-07289, Panama
| | - Kenji Contreras
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas de Comunicaciones Digitales Avanzados (GISCDA), Facultad de Ingeniería de Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, El Dorado, Panama City, 0819-07289, Panama
| | - Javier E Sanchez-Galan
- Facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas Computacionales, Universidad Tecnologica de Panama, Campus Victor Levi Sasso, Panama, Panama
| | - Kristi A Collom
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Tavares FDS, Oliveira da Silva W, Ferguson-Smith MA, Klautau AGCDM, Oliveira JM, Rodrigues ALF, Melo-Santos G, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY, Noronha RCR. Ancestral chromosomal signatures of Paenungulata (Afroteria) reveal the karyotype of Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis, Sirenia: Trichechidae) as the oldest among American manatees. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:38. [PMID: 36694120 PMCID: PMC9872332 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal painting in manatees has clarified questions about the rapid evolution of sirenians within the Paenungulata clade. Further cytogenetic studies in Afrotherian species may provide information about their evolutionary dynamics, revealing important insights into the ancestral karyotype in the clade representatives. The karyotype of Trichechus inunguis (TIN, Amazonian manatee) was investigated by chromosome painting, using probes from Trichechus manatus latirostris (TML, Florida manatee) to analyze the homeologies between these sirenians. RESULTS A high similarity was found between these species, with 31 homologous segments in TIN, nineteen of which are whole autosomes, besides the X and Y sex chromosomes. Four chromosomes from TML (4, 6, 8, and 9) resulted in two hybridization signals, totaling eight acrocentrics in the TIN karyotype. This study confirmed in TIN the chromosomal associations of Homo sapiens (HSA) shared in Afrotheria, such as the 5/21 synteny, and in the Paenungulata clade with the syntenies HSA 2/3, 8/22, and 18/19, in addition to the absence of HSA 4/8 common in eutherian ancestral karyotype (EAK). CONCLUSIONS TIN shares more conserved chromosomal signals with the Paenungulata Ancestral Karyotype (APK, 2n = 58) than Procavia capensis (Hyracoidea), Loxodonta africana (Proboscidea) and TML (Sirenia), where TML presents less conserved signals with APK, demonstrating that its karyotype is the most derived among the representatives of Paenungulata. The chromosomal changes that evolved from APK to the T. manatus and T. inunguis karyotypes (7 and 4 changes, respectively) are more substantial within the Trichechus genus compared to other paenungulates. Among these species, T. inunguis presents conserved traits of APK in the American manatee genus. Consequently, the karyotype of T. manatus is more derived than that of T. inunguis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Dos Santos Tavares
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Willam Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jairo Moura Oliveira
- Zoological Park of Santarém - Universidade da Amazônia (ZOOUNAMA), Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Angélica Lúcia Figueiredo Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biologia e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos da Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Secretaria de Educação Do Estado Do Pará (SEDUC-PA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Melo-Santos
- Instituto de Biologia e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos da Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Marinha e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves e Comportamento Animal, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Pará, Belém, Brazil.
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Noronha RCR, Almeida BRR, Chagas MCS, Tavares FS, Cardoso AL, Bastos CEMC, Silva NKN, Klautau AGCM, Luna FO, Attademo FLN, Lima DS, Sabioni LA, Sampaio MIC, Oliveira JM, do Nascimento LAS, Martins C, Vicari MR, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC. Karyotypes of Manatees: New Insights into Hybrid Formation ( Trichechus inunguis × Trichechus m. manatus) in the Amazon Estuary. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1263. [PMID: 35886048 PMCID: PMC9323068 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to preserve manatees. Recently, a hybrid zone was described between Trichechus inunguis (TIN) and the Trichechus manatus manatus (TMM) in the Amazon estuary. Cytogenetic data on these sirenians are limited, despite being fundamental to understanding the hybridization/introgression dynamics and genomic organization in Trichechus. We analyzed the karyotype of TMM, TIN, and two hybrid specimens ("Poque" and "Vitor") by classical and molecular cytogenetics. G-band analysis revealed that TMM (2n = 48) and TIN (2n = 56) diverge by at least six Robertsonian translocations and a pericentric inversion. Hybrids had 2n = 50, however, with Autosomal Fundamental Number (FNA) = 88 in "Poque" and FNA = 74 in "Vitor", and chromosomal distinct pairs in heterozygous; additionally, "Vitor" exhibited heteromorphisms and chromosomes whose pairs could not be determined. The U2 snDNA and Histone H3 multi genes are distributed in small clusters along TIN and TMM chromosomes and have transposable Keno and Helitron elements (TEs) in their sequences. The different karyotypes observed among manatee hybrids may indicate that they represent different generations formed by crossing between fertile hybrids and TIN. On the other hand, it is also possible that all hybrids recorded represent F1 and the observed karyotype differences must result from mechanisms of elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C. R. Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Bruno R. R. Almeida
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
- Campus Itaituba, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Itaituba 68183-300, PA, Brazil
| | - Monique C. S. Chagas
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Flávia S. Tavares
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Adauto L. Cardoso
- Laboratório Genômica Integrativa, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil; (A.L.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlos E. M. C. Bastos
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Natalia K. N. Silva
- Campus Tucuruí, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Tucuruí 68455-210, PA, Brazil;
| | - Alex G. C. M. Klautau
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Norte, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Belém 66635-110, PA, Brazil;
| | - Fábia O. Luna
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação de Biodiversidade, Santos 11050-031, SP, Brazil; (F.O.L.); (F.L.N.A.)
| | - Fernanda L. N. Attademo
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação de Biodiversidade, Santos 11050-031, SP, Brazil; (F.O.L.); (F.L.N.A.)
- Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal/PPBA, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação/LECC, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Danielle S. Lima
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefé 69553-225, AM, Brazil; (D.S.L.); (L.A.S.)
- Rede de Pesquisa e Conservação de Sirênios no Estuário Amazônico, Macapá 68903-197, AP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Sabioni
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefé 69553-225, AM, Brazil; (D.S.L.); (L.A.S.)
- Rede de Pesquisa e Conservação de Sirênios no Estuário Amazônico, Macapá 68903-197, AP, Brazil
- Campus Porto Grande, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Rodovia BR 210, Km 103, s/n, Zona Rural, Porto Grande 68997-000, AP, Brazil
| | - Maria I. C. Sampaio
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil;
| | - Jairo Moura Oliveira
- Zoological Park of Santarém, ZOOUNAMA, Universidade da Amazônia, Santarém 68030-150, PA, Brazil;
| | | | - Cesar Martins
- Laboratório Genômica Integrativa, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil; (A.L.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Marcelo R. Vicari
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Cleusa Y. Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Julio C. Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (B.R.R.A.); (M.C.S.C.); (F.S.T.); (C.E.M.C.B.); (C.Y.N.); (J.C.P.)
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Karyotypical Confirmation of Natural Hybridization between Two Manatee Species, Trichechus manatus and Trichechus inunguis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050616. [PMID: 35629284 PMCID: PMC9145575 DOI: 10.3390/life12050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Two species of manatees are found in Northern Brazil—the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus), which is found along the coast from Florida to Northeastern Brazil, and the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis), endemic to the Amazon drainage basin. These species show a sympatric distribution in the region of the Marajó Archipelago, an estuarine area surrounding the Amazon River mouth. There is evidence of the occurrence of interspecific hybrids in this area, based on mitochondrial DNA analyses, although the use of nuclear markers has not corroborated this proposal. Considering that these species show very distinct karyotypes, despite being closely related (2n = 48 in T. manatus and 2n = 56 in T. inunguis), hybrids would present distinct chromosome numbers. Based on this, we conducted cytogenetic analyses using classic and molecular techniques in three calves found stranded in the Marajó Island and Amapá coast. The results showed that one of them, morphologically classified as T. inunguis, presented the correspondent karyotype, with 2n = 56. However, the other two, which were phenotypically similar to T. manatus, showed 2n = 49. Despite the same diploid number, their G-banding patterns revealed some differences. The results of the distribution of some microsatellite sequences have also confirmed the heterozygosity of some chromosomal pairs in these two individuals. These results are the first indubitable confirmation of the occurrence of natural hybrids between T. manatus and T. inunguis, and also brings about some issues concerning the viability of hybrids, considering that these two individuals do not correspond to an F1 hybrid, but instead, both presented a possible F2 karyotype.
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Carolina Oliveira de Meirelles A, Lima D, Danise de Oliveira Alves M, Carlos Gomes Borges J, Marmontel M, Luz Carvalho V, Rodrigues dos Santos F. Don’t let me down: West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, is still Critically Endangered in Brazil. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Moreira S, Meirelles ACOD, Carvalho VL, Rêgo PSD, Araripe J. Molecular confirmation of twinning in the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus). BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2021-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Few twinning events have been recorded in the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus, Sirenia: Trichechidae) and no previous published study has provided confirmation of this phenomenon based in molecular tools. Here we investigate a possible case of twinning in an endangered Brazilian population of T. manatus using molecular tools. We analyzed two male neonates found stranded in Ceará State, on the northeastern coast of Brazil. The DNA of both individuals was isolated, and 10 microsatellite loci were amplified and genotyped. Following the identification of the alleles, the probabilities of identity by descent (∆7 and ∆8) and relatedness (rxy) were calculated using estimators that evaluate inbreeding. The two individuals shared most of the alleles, with differences in the genotypes being identified in only two loci. All the estimators identified a level of relatedness compatible with that found between siblings (selfed or outbred), indicating they were dizygotic twins. This is the first confirmed case of fraternal twins in free-ranging West Indian manatees in South America. The recognition of this type of twinning provides elements to improve actions for the rehabilitation of stranded animals and their subsequent release to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Araripe
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Brasil; Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Valeri MP, Dias GB, do Espírito Santo AA, Moreira CN, Yonenaga-Yassuda Y, Sommer IB, Kuhn GCS, Svartman M. First Description of a Satellite DNA in Manatees' Centromeric Regions. Front Genet 2021; 12:694866. [PMID: 34504514 PMCID: PMC8421680 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.694866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichechus manatus and Trichechus inunguis are the two Sirenia species that occur in the Americas. Despite their increasing extinction risk, many aspects of their biology remain understudied, including the repetitive DNA fraction of their genomes. Here we used the sequenced genome of T. manatus and TAREAN to identify satellite DNAs (satDNAs) in this species. We report the first description of TMAsat, a satDNA comprising ~0.87% of the genome, with ~684bp monomers and centromeric localization. In T. inunguis, TMAsat showed similar monomer length, chromosome localization and conserved CENP-B box-like motifs as in T. manatus. We also detected this satDNA in the Dugong dugon and in the now extinct Hydrodamalis gigas genomes. The neighbor-joining tree shows that TMAsat sequences from T. manatus, T. inunguis, D. dugon, and H. gigas lack species-specific clusters, which disagrees with the predictions of concerted evolution. We detected a divergent TMAsat-like homologous sequence in elephants and hyraxes, but not in other mammals, suggesting this sequence was already present in the common ancestor of Paenungulata, and later became a satDNA in the Sirenians. This is the first description of a centromeric satDNA in manatees and will facilitate the inclusion of Sirenia in future studies of centromeres and satDNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Pelizaro Valeri
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borges Dias
- Department of Genetics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Alice Alves do Espírito Santo
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Nascimento Moreira
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yatiyo Yonenaga-Yassuda
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Braga Sommer
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Nordeste, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C. S. Kuhn
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marta Svartman
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Oliveira TMD, Burlamaqui TCT, Sá ALAD, Breaux B, Luna FDO, Attademo FLN, Klautau AGCDM, Oliveira JM, Sena L, Criscitiello MF, Schneider MPC. TLR4 and TLR8 variability in Amazonian and West Indian manatee species from Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20190252. [PMID: 33847701 PMCID: PMC8042642 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonian (Trichechus inunguis) and West Indian (Trichechus manatus) manatees are aquatic mammals vulnerable to extinction found in the Amazon basin and the coastal western Atlantic. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a key role in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns using leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). We described the diversity of TLR4 and TLR8 genes in these two species of manatee. Amazonian manatee showed seven SNPs in TLR4 and the eight in TLR8, while West Indian manatee shared four and six of those SNPs, respectively. In our analysis, TLR4 showed one non-conservative amino acid replacement substitution in LRR7 and LRR8, on the other hand, TLR8 was less variable and showed only conserved amino acid substitutions. Selection analysis showed that only one TLR4 site was subjected to positive selection and none in TLR8. TLR4 in manatees did not show any evidence of convergent evolution compared to species of the cetacean lineage. Differences in TLR4 and TLR8 polymorphism may be related to distinct selection by pathogens, population reduction of West Indian manatees, or an expected consequence of population expansion in Amazonian manatees. Future studies combining pathogen association and TLR polymorphism may clarify possible roles of these genes and be used for conservation purposes of manatee species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Luiz Alves de Sá
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, PA, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Breanna Breaux
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fábia de Oliveira Luna
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (CMA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Löffler Niemeyer Attademo
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (CMA), Itamaracá, PE, Brazil.,Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), Areia Branca, RN, Brazil
| | - Alex Garcia Cavalleiro de Macedo Klautau
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Norte (CEPNOR), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jairo Moura Oliveira
- Universidade da Amazônia, Parque Zoológico da UNAMA (ZOOUNAMA), Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Sena
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Michael F Criscitiello
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA.,Texas A&M University, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College Station, TX, USA
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9
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Lima CS, Magalhães RF, Santos FR. Conservation issues using discordant taxonomic and evolutionary units: a case study of the American manatee (Trichechus manatus, Sirenia). WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The delimitation of evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) frequently results in controversy, but prioritising populations with evolutionary independence is essential for effective in situ conservation management. The American manatee (Trichechus manatus) is distributed along subtropical and tropical coastal waters from Florida (USA) to Alagoas (Brazil), and two subspecies are traditionally recognised, namely, T. m. latirostris, restricted to the Florida peninsula, and T. m. manatus, found in the remaining areas. However, this subspecific classification is not supported by genetic and morphologic evidence, which, rather, recognises two deeply differentiated populations or ESUs called Atlantic (Brazil) and Caribbean (from Venezuela to Florida). In this viewpoint paper, we compare both intraspecific divisions of T. manatus and the conservation implications. First, we used all available mtDNA evidence to test the genealogical clustering of the two American manatee ESUs by using a tree-based coalescent method. Second, we have used different models under a coalescent framework to estimate the historic gene flow among manatee populations. The analysis of the spatial distribution of mtDNA clusters confirmed the existence of the two suggested ESUs, rather than the two claimed subspecies. Furthermore, the best model to explain historic migration indicates that Brazilian manatees belong to an isolated population, whereas Florida and Caribbean populations are connected by more recent gene flow. These results have confirmed that T. manatus of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and Florida belong to the same deme or Caribbean ESU, and the relatively isolated population inhabiting the Atlantic coast of Brazil belongs to the Atlantic ESU. Furthermore, both ESUs are separated by an interspecific hybrid zone (with the Amazonian manatee) located around the mouth of the Amazon River towards the Guianas coastline. The subdivision of two ESUs is also highly supported by karyotypic, morphological and ecological data, and is in clear disagreement with the traditional subspecies designations and the IUCN priorities, which manages Brazilian manatees as part of the Antillean manatee subspecies (T. m. manatus). Rather, Brazilian manatees should be considered as a full priority for conservation and require further taxonomic research; because of their deep history of isolation, they present high genetic and morphologic differentiation from all other American manatees.
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10
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Hohl LSL, Sicuro FL, Wickert JC, Moreno IB, Rocha-Barbosa O, Barreto AS. Skull morphology of bottlenose dolphins from different ocean populations with emphasis on South America. J Morphol 2020; 281:564-577. [PMID: 32249999 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The bottlenose dolphin, genus Tursiops, is cosmopolitan occurring in tropical and temperate regions, with morphological variation between and within different oceans. Since the genus' taxonomy has been under discussion for a long time, this work aimed at analyzing the cranial variability of T. truncatus from different regions of the world. Geometric Morphometrics analyses were performed in 201 skulls of adult specimens, on dorsal, ventral, and lateral views, from the Eastern North Pacific, Eastern North Atlantic, Eastern South Atlantic, and Western South Atlantic oceans. The results indicate differences between individuals that inhabit the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Within the Atlantic Ocean, there is an evident longitudinal differentiation of specimens from the eastern and western regions. A latitudinal separation was also observed, considering specimens from the North and South Atlantic Ocean. In the Western South Atlantic statistical differences were found between two morphological groups, identified as T. gephyreus (sensu Lahille, 1908) and T. truncatus, and the cross-validation presented 98% as minimum confidence for correct classification of these two groups. The present study provides strong morphological support to consider these two lineages as separate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S L Hohl
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados-Tetrapoda (LAZOVERTE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Sicuro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (BIOVASC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Janaína C Wickert
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Bento Gonçalves, Torres, RS, Brazil.,Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, (UFRGS Campus Litoral Norte), Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ignacio B Moreno
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, (UFRGS Campus Litoral Norte), Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal (PPGBan), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Oscar Rocha-Barbosa
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados-Tetrapoda (LAZOVERTE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André S Barreto
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Informática da Biodiversidade e Geomática, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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11
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Lima CS, Magalhães RF, Marmontel M, Meirelles AC, Carvalho VL, Lavergne A, Thoisy BDE, Santos FR. A hybrid swarm of manatees along the Guianas coastline, a peculiar environment under the influence of the Amazon River plume. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20190325. [PMID: 31460594 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The West Indian (Trichechus manatus) and Amazonian (T. inunguis) manatees have a sympatric occurrence at the mouth of the Amazon River. A result of this interspecific encounter is the occurrence of hybrids, which are frequently found along the coasts of Amapá state in Brazil, French Guiana and Guyana. Here we present new genetic evidence indicating the occurrence of a hybrid swarm along the Guianas Shield coastline, which is an interspecific hybrid zone that also separates T. manatus populations located east (Brazil) and west (Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Antilles). In addition, we suggest that this hybrid population occupies a peculiar mangrove-rich environment under strong influence of the Amazon River plume, which requires an independent management and should be considered a special conservation area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla S Lima
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Miriam Marmontel
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Fonte Boa, 69553-225 Tefé, AM, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Meirelles
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos/Aquasis, Av. José Alencar, 150, Sesc Iparana, 61627-010 Caucaia, CE, Brazil
| | - Vitor Luz Carvalho
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos/Aquasis, Av. José Alencar, 150, Sesc Iparana, 61627-010 Caucaia, CE, Brazil
| | - Anne Lavergne
- Institut Pasteur de Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP 6010, Cayenne Cedex 97306, French Guiana, France
| | - Benoit DE Thoisy
- Institut Pasteur de Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, BP 6010, Cayenne Cedex 97306, French Guiana, France.,Kwata NGO, 16 Avenue Pasteur, BP 60672 97335, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Fabrício R Santos
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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12
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Wyrosdick H, Chapman A, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Rivera-Pérez CI, Bonde RK. Internal parasites of the two subspecies of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 130:145-152. [PMID: 30198489 DOI: 10.3354/dao03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus is divided into 2 subspecies: the Antillean (T. m. manatus) and Florida (T. m. latirostris) manatees. This study reports sample prevalence of manatee parasites from populations of these 2 subspecies in different geographical locations. Although necropsy is a valuable diagnostic tool for parasite infections, the need for antemortem diagnostic techniques is important. Fecal samples collected during necropsies of Antillean manatees (n = 3) in Puerto Rico and Florida manatees (n = 10) in Crystal River, Florida, as well as from live-captured Florida manatees (n = 11) were evaluated using centrifugal flotation with sucrose and ethyl acetate sedimentation to compare parasites from each of the populations. Although both fecal examination methods provided similar results, the centrifugal flotation method required less time for diagnosis. The most common parasite eggs found in both populations included the trematodes Pulmonicola cochleotrema and Nudacotyle undicola, oocysts of the coccidian Eimeria spp., and eggs of the ascarid Heterocheilus tunicatus. Eggs of the trematode Chiorchis groschafti were found in both populations of manatees; however, eggs of a related species, Chiorchis fabaceus, were abundant in the Florida samples, but not found in Puerto Rico populations. Trematode eggs of Moniligerum blairi were found in both populations, but were more common in the Florida manatee (42%) than the Antillean manatee (33%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of both Eimeria manatus and Eimeria nodulosa oocysts in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Wyrosdick
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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13
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Usui K, Tokita M. Creating diversity in mammalian facial morphology: a review of potential developmental mechanisms. EvoDevo 2018; 9:15. [PMID: 29946416 PMCID: PMC6003202 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-018-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals (class Mammalia) have evolved diverse craniofacial morphology to adapt to a wide range of ecological niches. However, the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying the diversification of mammalian craniofacial morphology remain largely unknown. In this paper, we focus on the facial length and orofacial clefts of mammals and deduce potential mechanisms that produced diversity in mammalian facial morphology. Small-scale changes in facial morphology from the common ancestor, such as slight changes in facial length and the evolution of the midline cleft in some lineages of bats, could be attributed to heterochrony in facial bone ossification. In contrast, large-scale changes of facial morphology from the common ancestor, such as a truncated, widened face as well as the evolution of the bilateral cleft possessed by some bat species, could be brought about by changes in growth and patterning of the facial primordium (the facial processes) at the early stages of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Usui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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