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Maud L, Boyer F, Durrieu V, Bornot J, Lippi Y, Naylies C, Lorber S, Puel O, Mathieu F, Snini SP. Effect of Streptomyces roseolus Cell-Free Supernatants on the Fungal Development, Transcriptome, and Aflatoxin B1 Production of Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:428. [PMID: 37505697 PMCID: PMC10467112 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop contamination by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an Aspergillus-flavus-produced toxin, is frequently observed in tropical and subtropical regions. This phenomenon is emerging in Europe, most likely as a result of climate change. Alternative methods, such as biocontrol agents (BCAs), are currently being developed to reduce the use of chemicals in the prevention of mycotoxin contamination. Actinobacteria are known to produce many bioactive compounds, and some of them can reduce in vitro AFB1 concentration. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the effect of a cell-free supernatant (CFS) from Streptomyces roseolus culture on the development of A. flavus, as well as on its transcriptome profile using microarray assay and its impact on AFB1 concentration. Results demonstrated that in vitro, the S. roseolus CFS reduced the dry weight and conidiation of A. flavus from 77% and 43%, respectively, and was therefore associated with a reduction in AFB1 concentration reduction to levels under the limit of quantification. The transcriptomic data analysis revealed that 5198 genes were differentially expressed in response to the CFS exposure and among them 5169 were downregulated including most of the genes involved in biosynthetic gene clusters. The aflatoxins' gene cluster was the most downregulated. Other gene clusters, such as the aspergillic acid, aspirochlorine, and ustiloxin B gene clusters, were also downregulated and associated with a variation in their concentration, confirmed by LC-HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Maud
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France; (L.M.); (F.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Florian Boyer
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France; (L.M.); (F.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Vanessa Durrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INPT, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France;
| | - Julie Bornot
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France; (L.M.); (F.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (Y.L.); (C.N.); (S.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Claire Naylies
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (Y.L.); (C.N.); (S.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Sophie Lorber
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (Y.L.); (C.N.); (S.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Olivier Puel
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (Y.L.); (C.N.); (S.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Florence Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France; (L.M.); (F.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Selma P. Snini
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France; (L.M.); (F.B.); (J.B.)
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Boukaew S, Prasertsan P, Mahasawat P, Sriyatep T, Petlamul W. Efficacy of the antifungal metabolites of Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 on aflatoxin degradation with its application to prevent aflatoxigenic fungi in stored maize grains and identification of the bioactive compound. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:24. [PMID: 36422721 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a potent carcinogen produced by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Aspergillus. parasiticus (A. parasiticus), mainly during grain storage. The efficacy of the freeze-dried culture filtrate of Streptomyces philanthi (S. philanthi) strain RL-1-178 (DCF) on degradation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were evaluated and its bioactive compounds were identified. The DCF at a concentration of 9.0% (w/v) completely inhibited growth and AFB1 production of A. parasiticus TISTR 3276 and A. flavus PSRDC-4 after 7 days tested in yeast-extract sucrose (YES) medium and on stored maize grains after 28 and 14 days incubation, respectively. This indicated the more tolerance of A. parasiticus over A. flavus. The DCF and bacterial cells of S. philanthi were capable to degrade AFB1 by 85.0% and 100% for 72 h and 8 days, respectively. This confirmed the higher efficacy of the DCF over the cells. After separation of the DCF on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate by bioautography bioassay, each active band was identified by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (LC-Q-TOF MS/MS). The results revealed two compounds which were identified as azithromycin and an unknown based on mass ions of both ESI+ and ESI- modes. The antifungal metabolites in the culture filtrate of S. philanthi were proved to degrade aflatoxin B1. It could be concluded that the DCF may be applied to prevent the growth of the two aflatoxin-producing fungi as well as the occurrence of aflatoxin in the stored maize grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawai Boukaew
- College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand.
| | - Poonsuk Prasertsan
- Research and Development Office, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Pawika Mahasawat
- Programme in Biology and Applied Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Teerayut Sriyatep
- Programme in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Wanida Petlamul
- College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
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Nahle S, El Khoury A, Savvaidis I, Chokr A, Louka N, Atoui A. Detoxification approaches of mycotoxins: by microorganisms, biofilms and enzymes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-022-00089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMycotoxins are generally found in food, feed, dairy products, and beverages, subsequently presenting serious human and animal health problems. Not surprisingly, mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide concern for many research studies. In this regard, many biological, chemical, and physical approaches were investigated to reduce and/or remove contamination from food and feed products. Biological detoxification processes seem to be the most promising approaches for mycotoxins removal from food. The current review details the newest progress in biological detoxification (adsorption and metabolization) through microorganisms, their biofilms, and enzymatic degradation, finally describing the detoxification mechanism of many mycotoxins by some microorganisms. This review also reports the possible usage of microorganisms as mycotoxins’ binders in various food commodities, which may help produce mycotoxins-free food and feed.
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Ren X, Branà MT, Haidukowski M, Gallo A, Zhang Q, Logrieco AF, Li P, Zhao S, Altomare C. Potential of Trichoderma spp. for Biocontrol of Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020086. [PMID: 35202114 PMCID: PMC8875375 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory action of 20 antagonistic Trichoderma isolates against the aflatoxigenic isolate A. flavus ITEM 9 (Af-9) and their efficacy in reducing aflatoxin formation in vitro were examined. Production of metabolites with inhibitory effect by the Trichoderma isolates was also investigated. Antagonistic effect against Af-9 was assessed by inhibition of radial growth of the colonies and by fungal interactions in dual confrontation tests. A total of 8 out of 20 isolates resulted in a significant growth inhibition of 3-day-old cultures of Af-9, ranging from 13% to 65%. A total of 14 isolates reduced significantly the aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) content of 15-day-old Af-9 cultures; 4 were ineffective, and 2 increased AfB1. Reduction of AfB1 content was up to 84.9% and 71.1% in 7- and 15-day-old cultures, respectively. Since the inhibition of Af-9 growth by metabolites of Trichoderma was not necessarily associated with inhibition of AfB1 production and vice versa, we investigated the mechanism of reduction of AfB1 content at the molecular level by examining two strains: one (T60) that reduced both growth and mycotoxin content; and the other (T44) that reduced mycotoxin content but not Af-9 growth. The expression analyses for the two regulatory genes aflR and aflS, and the structural genes aflA, aflD, aflO and aflQ of the aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster indicated that neither strain was able to downregulate the aflatoxin synthesis, leading to the conclusion that the AfB1 content reduction by these Trichoderma strains was based on other mechanisms, such as enzyme degradation or complexation. Although further studies are envisaged to identify the metabolites involved in the biocontrol of A. flavus and prevention of aflatoxin accumulation, as well as for assessment of the efficacy under controlled and field conditions, Trichoderma spp. qualify as promising agents and possible alternative options to other biocontrol agents already in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Maria Teresa Branà
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.T.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Miriam Haidukowski
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.T.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Antonia Gallo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.G.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.)
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.G.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.)
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (C.A.); Tel.: +86-27-868-12943 (S.Z.); +39-80-592-9318 (C.A.)
| | - Claudio Altomare
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.T.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (C.A.); Tel.: +86-27-868-12943 (S.Z.); +39-80-592-9318 (C.A.)
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A validated HPLC – FLD method for the determination of mycotoxin levels in sun dried fermented cocoa beans: Effect of cola nut extract and powder. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Møller CODA, Freire L, Rosim RE, Margalho LP, Balthazar CF, Franco LT, Sant'Ana ADS, Corassin CH, Rattray FP, de Oliveira CAF. Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on the Growth and Aflatoxin Production Potential of Aspergillus parasiticus, and Their Ability to Bind Aflatoxin B 1, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in vitro. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655386. [PMID: 33967993 PMCID: PMC8100588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased consumption of plant-based foods has intensified the concern related to mycotoxin intoxication. This study aimed to investigate the effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and its production of aflatoxin (AF). The ability of the heat-killed (100°C for 1 h) LAB strains to bind aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) in potassium phosphate buffer (PPB) was also evaluated in vitro. Ten LAB strains were tested individually, by inoculating them simultaneously with the fungus or after incubation of the fungus for 24 or 48 h at 25°C. Double layer yeast extract sucrose (YES) agar, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar, and YES broth were incubated for 7 days at 25°C to follow the development of the fungus. Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 and Levilactobacillus brevis 2QB422 strains were able to delay the growth of A. parasiticus in YES broth, even when these strains were inoculated 24 h after the fungus. The inhibitory effect of these LAB strains was confirmed by the reduction of fungus colony size, suggesting dominance of LAB by competition (a Lotka-Voltera effect). The production of AFB1 by A. parasiticus was inhibited when the fungus was inoculated simultaneously with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 3QB361 or L. plantarum 3QB350. No AFB1 was found when Levilactobacillus spp. 2QB383 was present, even when the LAB was inoculated 48 h after the fungus. In binding studies, seven inactivated LAB strains were able to promote a reduction of at least 50% the level of AFB1, OTA, and ZEN. This reduction varied depending on the pH of the PPB. In milk, however, only two inactivated LAB strains were able to reduce AFM1, with a reduction of 33 and 45% for Levilactobacillus spp. 3QB398 (Levilactobacillus spp.) and L. brevis 2QB422, respectively. Nevertheless, these results clearly indicate the potential of using LAB for mycotoxin reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Freire
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Roice Eliana Rosim
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pereira Margalho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Celso Fasura Balthazar
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Larissa Tuanny Franco
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Souza Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Humberto Corassin
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fergal Patrick Rattray
- Division of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Campos-Avelar I, Colas de la Noue A, Durand N, Cazals G, Martinez V, Strub C, Fontana A, Schorr-Galindo S. Aspergillus flavus Growth Inhibition and Aflatoxin B 1 Decontamination by Streptomyces Isolates and Their Metabolites. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050340. [PMID: 34066812 PMCID: PMC8151643 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a potent carcinogen produced by Aspergillus flavus, mainly during grain storage. As pre-harvest methods are insufficient to avoid mycotoxin presence during storage, diverse curative techniques are being investigated for the inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin detoxification. Streptomyces spp. represent an alternative as they are a promising source of detoxifying enzymes. Fifty-nine Streptomyces isolates and a Streptomyces griseoviridis strain from the commercial product Mycostop®, evaluated against Penicillium verrucosum and ochratoxin A during previous work, were screened for their ability to inhibit Aspergillus flavus growth and decrease the aflatoxin amount. The activities of bacterial cells and cell-free extracts (CFEs) from liquid cultures were also evaluated. Fifty-eight isolates were able to inhibit fungal growth during dual culture assays, with a maximal reduction going down to 13% of the control. Aflatoxin-specific production was decreased by all isolates to at least 54% of the control. CFEs were less effective in decreasing fungal growth (down to 40% and 55% for unheated and heated CFEs, respectively) and aflatoxin-specific production, with a few CFEs causing an overproduction of mycotoxins. Nearly all Streptomyces isolates were able to degrade AFB1 when growing in solid and liquid media. A total degradation of AFB1 was achieved by Mycostop® on solid medium, as well as an almost complete degradation by IX20 in liquid medium (6% of the control). CFE maximal degradation went down to 37% of the control for isolate IX09. The search for degradation by-products indicated the presence of a few unknown molecules. The evaluation of residual toxicity of the tested isolates by the SOS chromotest indicated a detoxification of at least 68% of AFB1’s genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixchel Campos-Avelar
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.-A.); (A.C.d.l.N.)
| | - Alexandre Colas de la Noue
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.-A.); (A.C.d.l.N.)
| | - Noël Durand
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cazals
- IBMMUMR5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Véronique Martinez
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Caroline Strub
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Angélique Fontana
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
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Abdelmotilib NM, Darwish AG, Abdel-Azeem AM, Sheir DH. Fungal Mycotoxins. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64406-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Verheecke-Vaessen C, Monte J, Garcia-Cela E, Magan N, Medina A. Proof of concept: could snake venoms be a potential source of bioactive compounds for control of mould growth and mycotoxin production. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:459-465. [PMID: 32500546 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to screen 10 snake venoms for their efficacy to control growth and mycotoxin production by important mycotoxigenic fungi including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Penicillium verrucosum, Fusarium graminearum and F. langsethiae. The Bioscreen C rapid assay system was used. The venoms from the Viperidae snake family delayed growth of some of the test fungi, especially F. graminearum and F. langsethiae and sometimes A. flavus. Some were also able to reduce mycotoxin production. The two most potent crude snake venoms (Naja nigricollis and N. siamensis; 41 and 43 fractions, respectively) were further fractionated and 83/84 of these fractions were able to reduce mycotoxin production by >90% in two of the mycotoxigenic fungi examined. This study suggests that there may be significant potential for the identification of novel fungistatic/fungicidal bioactive compounds as preservatives of raw and processed food commodities post-harvest from such snake venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK
| | - J Monte
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829 516, Portugal
| | - E Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL109AB, UK
| | - N Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK
| | - A Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK
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Competitiveness of three biocontrol candidates against ochratoxigenic Penicillium nordicum under dry-cured meat environmental and nutritional conditions. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:134-142. [PMID: 33518203 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The environmental conditions during the ripening of dry-cured meats and their nutritional composition promote the colonisation of their surface by Penicillium spp., including P. nordicum producer of ochratoxin A (OTA). The objective of this work was to study the competitiveness of three potential biocontrol candidates (Debaryomyces hansenii FHSCC 253H, Enterococcus faecium SE920 and Penicillium chrysogenum CECT, 20922) against the ochratoxigenic P. nordicum FHSCC4 under environmental and nutritional conditions simulating the ripening of dry-cured meat products. For this, the nutritional utilisation pattern, niche overlap index (NOI), interactions by dual-culture assays and OTA production were determined. The number of carbon sources (CSs) metabolised depended on the microorganism and the interacting water activity (aw) x temperature conditions. The number of CSs utilised by both filamentous fungi was quite similar and higher than those utilised by D. hansenii and E. faecium. The yeast isolate metabolised a number of CSs much larger than the bacterium. The NOI values showed that, in general, P. nordicum nutritionally dominated E. faecium and D. hansenii regardless of the environmental conditions evaluated. The relationship between the toxigenic and non-toxigenic fungal isolates depended on the aw x temperature combinations, although in none of the conditions a dominance of P. nordicum was observed. According to the interaction assays, both D. hansenii and P. chrysogenum decreased the growth of P. nordicum. The effect of D. hansenii could be attributed to the production of some extra-cellular compounds, while the action of P. chrysogenum is likely related to nutritional competition. In addition, both P. chrysogenum and D. hansenii reduced the OTA levels produced by P. nordicum. The effect of the yeast was more pronounced decreasing the concentration of OTA at quantities lower than the limit established by the Italian legislation. Therefore, P. chrysogenum and D. hansenii can be suggested as biocontrol candidates in the manufacture of dry-cured meat products.
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Pfliegler WP, Pócsi I, Győri Z, Pusztahelyi T. The Aspergilli and Their Mycotoxins: Metabolic Interactions With Plants and the Soil Biota. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2921. [PMID: 32117074 PMCID: PMC7029702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the highly diverse fungal genus Aspergillus are well-known agricultural pests, and, most importantly, producers of various mycotoxins threatening food safety worldwide. Mycotoxins are studied predominantly from the perspectives of human and livestock health. Meanwhile, their roles are far less known in nature. However, to understand the factors behind mycotoxin production, the roles of the toxins of Aspergilli must be understood from a complex ecological perspective, taking mold-plant, mold-microbe, and mold-animal interactions into account. The Aspergilli may switch between saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles, and the production of secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, may vary according to these fungal ways of life. Recent studies highlighted the complex ecological network of soil microbiotas determining the niches that Aspergilli can fill in. Interactions with the soil microbiota and soil macro-organisms determine the role of secondary metabolite production to a great extent. While, upon infection of plants, metabolic communication including fungal secondary metabolites like aflatoxins, gliotoxin, patulin, cyclopiazonic acid, and ochratoxin, influences the fate of both the invader and the host. In this review, the role of mycotoxin producing Aspergillus species and their interactions in the ecosystem are discussed. We intend to highlight the complexity of the roles of the main toxic secondary metabolites as well as their fate in natural environments and agriculture, a field that still has important knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter P. Pfliegler
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Ren X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Mao J, Li P. Control of Aflatoxigenic Molds by Antagonistic Microorganisms: Inhibitory Behaviors, Bioactive Compounds, Related Mechanisms, and Influencing Factors. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E24. [PMID: 31906282 PMCID: PMC7020460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination has been causing great concern worldwide due to the major economic impact on crop production and their toxicological effects to human and animals. Contamination can occur in the field, during transportation, and also in storage. Post-harvest contamination usually derives from the pre-harvest infection of aflatoxigenic molds, especially aflatoxin-producing Aspergilli such as Aspergillusflavus and A. parasiticus. Many strategies preventing aflatoxigenic molds from entering food and feed chains have been reported, among which biological control is becoming one of the most praised strategies. The objective of this article is to review the biocontrol strategy for inhibiting the growth of and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic fungi. This review focuses on comparing inhibitory behaviors of different antagonistic microorganisms including various bacteria, fungi and yeasts. We also reviewed the bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms and the mechanisms leading to inhibition. The key factors influencing antifungal activities of antagonists are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Ren
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
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Critical Assessment of Streptomyces spp. Able to Control Toxigenic Fusaria in Cereals: A Literature and Patent Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246119. [PMID: 31817248 PMCID: PMC6941072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species on cereals represent a major concern for food safety worldwide. Fusarium toxins that are currently under regulation for their content in food include trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone. Biological control of Fusarium spp. has been widely explored with the aim of limiting disease occurrence, but few efforts have focused so far on limiting toxin accumulation in grains. The bacterial genus Streptomyces is responsible for the production of numerous drug molecules and represents a huge resource for the discovery of new molecules. Streptomyces spp. are also efficient plant colonizers and able to employ different mechanisms of control against toxigenic fungi on cereals. This review describes the outcomes of research using Streptomyces strains and/or their derived molecules to limit toxin production and/or contamination of Fusarium species in cereals. Both the scientific and patent literature were analyzed, starting from the year 2000, and we highlight promising results as well as the current pitfalls and limitations of this approach.
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Strub C, Dieye CAT, Nguyen PA, Constancias F, Durand N, Guendouz S, Pratlong M, Fontana A, Schorr-Galindo S. Transcriptomes of the interaction between Fusarium verticillioides and a Streptomyces strain reveal the fungal defense strategy under the pressure of a potential biocontrol agent. Fungal Biol 2019; 125:78-88. [PMID: 33518208 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. AV05 appears to be a potential biocontrol agent (BCA) against mycotoxigenic fungi. It was found to significantly inhibit F. verticillioides growth and mycotoxin production during their co-cultivation. F. verticillioides growth was durably affected while the decrease of the toxin production levels was reversible, suggesting different BCA actions. The study of both transcriptomes brought useful information on the microbial interaction. RNA-seq data indicated that the dual interaction modified genetic expression of both microorganisms as 18.5 % of the genes were differentially expressed for the fungus against 3.8 % for the actinobacteria. Fungal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were equally up and down regulated while bacterial ones were mainly upregulated. We especially focused the analysis of DEGs on fungal defense reaction to bacterial attack. For example, if this potential BCA implements a strategy of antibiosis with the over expression of 'siderophore-interacting protein' linked to the production of bacteriocins, the fungus in a state of stress is able to adapt its metabolism by up-regulation of amidase. It could correspond to the induction of resistance gene clusters and suggest a detoxification process. Moreover fumonisins-related pathway appears underexpressed in the presence of Streptomyces that explain the reduction of fumonisin accumulation observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Strub
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - C A T Dieye
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - P A Nguyen
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - F Constancias
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - N Durand
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - S Guendouz
- MGX, Biocampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Pratlong
- MGX, Biocampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Fontana
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - S Schorr-Galindo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France.
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Song J, Zhang S, Xie Y, Li Q. Purification and characteristics of an aflatoxin B1 degradation enzyme isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5315752. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, 100# Lianhua Street, High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46# Jianshe East Road, Muye Zone, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, 100# Lianhua Street, High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, 100# Lianhua Street, High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
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16
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Purification and identification of an aflatoxin B 1 degradation enzyme from Pantoea sp. T6. Toxicon 2018; 157:35-42. [PMID: 30447276 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and other fungi. Soil, crops, food, feed, etc. were susceptible to aflatoxin B1 contamination, which caused adverse economic and health consequences. It is necessary to search for microorganisms or microbial enzymes that can degrade AFB1. The degradation activity of AFB1 by cell-free supernatant (68.30%) of isolate Pantoea sp. T6 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than viable bacterial cells (4.87%) and intracellular cell extracts (3.68%). The supernatant's AFB1 degradation activity was reduced from 68.30% to 5.33% in treatment with protease K and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). An extracellular enzyme from the supernatant was secreted by Pantoea sp. T6 and was named as Pantoea aflatoxin degradation enzyme (PADE), which was obtained using Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE)-Sepharose chromatography. PADE was further purified by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The PADE, outer membrane protein A, was identified by mass spectrometry and molecular mass was 38180.1Da. The optimum temperature and pH for the reaction of PADE with AFB1 were 40 °C and 7.0, respectively. These finding showing that the PADE, which was isolated from the supernatant of Pantoea sp. T6, has the ability to degrade AFB1, and may have potential application for aflatoxin B1 reduction in the food and feed industry.
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17
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Caceres I, Snini SP, Puel O, Mathieu F. Streptomyces roseolus, A Promising Biocontrol Agent Against Aspergillus flavus, the Main Aflatoxin B₁ Producer. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110442. [PMID: 30380704 PMCID: PMC6267218 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop contamination by aflatoxin B1 is a current problem in tropical and subtropical regions. In the future, this contamination risk may be expanded to European countries due to climate change. The development of alternative strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamination that further contribute to the substitution of phytopharmaceutical products are thus needed. For this, a promising method resides in the use of biocontrol agents. Several actinobacteria strains have demonstrated to effectively reduce the aflatoxin B1 concentration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of action by which these biological agents reduce the mycotoxin concentration has not been determined. The aim of the present study was to test the potential use of Streptomyces roseolus as a biocontrol agent against aflatoxin B1 contamination. Co-cultures with Aspergillus flavus were conducted, and the molecular fungal response was investigated through analyzing the q-PCR expression of 65 genes encoding relevant fungal functions. Moreover, kojic and cyclopiazonic acid concentrations, as well as morphological fungal changes were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that reduced concentrations of aflatoxin B1 and kojic acid were respectively correlated with the down-regulation of the aflatoxin B1 gene cluster and kojR gene expression. Moreover, a fungal hypersporulated phenotype and a general over-expression of genes involved in fungal development were observed in the co-culture condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaura Caceres
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France.
| | - Selma P Snini
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France.
| | - Olivier Puel
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Florence Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31326 Toulouse, France.
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18
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Shakeel Q, Lyu A, Zhang J, Wu M, Li G, Hsiang T, Yang L. Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus on Peanut Kernels Using Streptomyces yanglinensis 3-10. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1049. [PMID: 29875755 PMCID: PMC5974058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium, Streptomyces yanglinensis 3-10, shows promise in the control of many phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, S. yanglinensis and its antifungal substances, culture filtrate (CF3-10) and crude extracts (CE3-10), were evaluated for their activity in reducing growth and aflatoxin AFB1 production by Aspergillus flavus, both in vitro and in vivo on peanut kernels. The results showed that in dual culture conditions, S. yanglinensis reduced the mycelial growth of A. flavus about 41% as compared to control. The mycelial growth of A. flavus was completely inhibited on potato dextrose agar amended with CF3-10 at 3% (v/v) or CE3-10 at 2.5 μg/ml. In liquid culture experiments, growth inhibition ranged from 32.3 to 91.9% with reduction in AFB1 production ranging from 46.4 to 93.4% using different concentrations of CF3-10 or CE3-10. For in vivo assays, CF3-10 at 0.133 ml/g (v/w) or CE3-10 at 13.3 μg/g (w/w) reduced the postharvest decay of peanut kernels by inhibiting visible growth of A. flavus leading to an 89.4 or 88.1% reduction in AFB1 detected, respectively. Compared with the controls, CF3-10 and CE3-10 in A. flavus shake culture significantly reduced expression levels of two AFB1 biosynthesis genes, aflR and aflS. Furthermore, electron microscopy observation showed that CF3-10 (2%, v/v) caused hyphae growth to be abnormal and shriveled, cell organelles to degenerate and collapse, large vacuoles to appear. These results suggest that S. yanglinensis 3-10 has potential as an alternative to chemical fungicides in protecting peanut kernels and other agricultural commodities against postharvest decay from A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Shakeel
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingde Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Sharma KK, Pothana A, Prasad K, Shah D, Kaur J, Bhatnagar D, Chen Z, Raruang Y, Cary JW, Rajasekaran K, Sudini HK, Bhatnagar‐Mathur P. Peanuts that keep aflatoxin at bay: a threshold that matters. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1024-1033. [PMID: 28973784 PMCID: PMC5902767 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination in peanuts poses major challenges for vulnerable populations of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Developing peanut varieties to combat preharvest Aspergillus flavus infection and resulting aflatoxin contamination has thus far remained a major challenge, confounded by highly complex peanut-Aspergilli pathosystem. Our study reports achieving a high level of resistance in peanut by overexpressing (OE) antifungal plant defensins MsDef1 and MtDef4.2, and through host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) of aflM and aflP genes from the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. While the former improves genetic resistance to A. flavus infection, the latter inhibits aflatoxin production in the event of infection providing durable resistance against different Aspergillus flavus morphotypes and negligible aflatoxin content in several peanut events/lines well. A strong positive correlation was observed between aflatoxin accumulation and decline in transcription of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes in both OE-Def and HIGS lines. Transcriptomic signatures in the resistant lines revealed key mechanisms such as regulation of aflatoxin synthesis, its packaging and export control, besides the role of reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes that render enhanced protection in the OE and HIGS lines. This is the first study to demonstrate highly effective biotechnological strategies for successfully generating peanuts that are near-immune to aflatoxin contamination, offering a panacea for serious food safety, health and trade issues in the semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K. Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Arunima Pothana
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Kalyani Prasad
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Dilip Shah
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Deepak Bhatnagar
- Southern Regional Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS)New OrleansLAUSA
| | - Zhi‐Yuan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop PhysiologyAgricultural centerLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA
| | - Yenjit Raruang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop PhysiologyAgricultural centerLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA
| | - Jeffrey W. Cary
- Southern Regional Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS)New OrleansLAUSA
| | - Kanniah Rajasekaran
- Southern Regional Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS)New OrleansLAUSA
| | - Hari Kishan Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar‐Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadTelanganaIndia
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20
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Medina A, Mohale S, Samsudin NIP, Rodriguez-Sixtos A, Rodriguez A, Magan N. Biocontrol of mycotoxins: dynamics and mechanisms of action. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Khoury RE, Mathieu F, Atoui A, Kawtharani H, Khoury AE, Afif C, Maroun RG, Khoury AE. Ability of Soil Isolated Actinobacterial Strains to Prevent, Bind and Biodegrade Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9070222. [PMID: 28708102 PMCID: PMC5535169 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins, and contaminates several agricultural products, particularly cereals, grapes, maize, barley, spices and coffee. The aim of this project was to reduce the levels of OTA by supplementing the artificially contaminated solutions with seven strains of actinobacteria (AT10, AT8, SN7, MS1, ML5, G10 and PT1) in order to evaluate their capacity for binding and metabolizing the OTA, as well as their ability to reduce the expression of the genes responsible for its production in A. carbonarius. In the first part of this study, we evaluated the capacity of Streptomyces strains for binding OTA on their surfaces after 0, 30 and 60 min of incubation with PBS solution supplemented with OTA. In the second part, we tested the ability of these strains, as well as their supernatants, to detoxify the ISP2 medium. Finally, we studied the effect of the Streptomyces cocultured with Aspergillus carbonarius on the expression of OTA biosynthesis genes. Results showed that, among the strains co-cultured with A. carbonarius, the strain G10 was able to reduce the expression of acpks, acOTApks, acOTAnrps and vea genes, thus reducing OTA from solid PDA medium to 13.50% of reduction. This strain was remarkably able to detoxify and bind OTA up to 47.07%. Strain AT8 was stronger in detoxifying OTA (52.61%), but had no significant effect on the studied gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle El Khoury
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Centre d'analyse et de Recherche (CAR), Campus des Sciences et Technologie, Université Saint-Joseph, Dekwaneh-Beyrouth 1104-2020, Lebanon.
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31 326, France.
| | - Florence Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31 326, France.
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Natural Sciences and Earth, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O Box 5 Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hiba Kawtharani
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Centre d'analyse et de Recherche (CAR), Campus des Sciences et Technologie, Université Saint-Joseph, Dekwaneh-Beyrouth 1104-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Anthony El Khoury
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Centre d'analyse et de Recherche (CAR), Campus des Sciences et Technologie, Université Saint-Joseph, Dekwaneh-Beyrouth 1104-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Charbel Afif
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Centre d'analyse et de Recherche (CAR), Campus des Sciences et Technologie, Université Saint-Joseph, Dekwaneh-Beyrouth 1104-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Richard G Maroun
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Centre d'analyse et de Recherche (CAR), Campus des Sciences et Technologie, Université Saint-Joseph, Dekwaneh-Beyrouth 1104-2020, Lebanon.
| | - André El Khoury
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Centre d'analyse et de Recherche (CAR), Campus des Sciences et Technologie, Université Saint-Joseph, Dekwaneh-Beyrouth 1104-2020, Lebanon.
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Lahoum A, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Bouras N, Sabaou N, Mathieu F. Taxonomy of mycelial actinobacteria isolated from Saharan soils and their efficiency to reduce aflatoxin B1 content in a solid-based medium. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Rey T, Dumas B. Plenty Is No Plague: Streptomyces Symbiosis with Crops. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:30-37. [PMID: 27916552 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces spp. constitute a major clade of the phylum Actinobacteria. These Gram-positive, filamentous prokaryotes are ubiquitous in soils and marine sediments, and are commonly found in the rhizosphere or inside plant roots. Plant-interacting Streptomyces have received limited attention, in contrast to Streptomyces spp. extensively investigated for decades in medicine given their rich potential for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Recent genomic, metabolomic, and biotechnological advances have produced key insights into Streptomyces spp., paving the way to the use of their metabolites in agriculture. In this Opinion article we propose how Streptomyces spp. could dominate future aspects of crop nutrition and protection. Risks and benefits of the use of these microorganisms in agriculture are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- De Sangosse, Bonnel, 47480 Pont-Du-Casse, France; Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
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24
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Microbial degradation of aflatoxin B1: Current status and future advances. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 237:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Toxicology, biosynthesis, bio-control of aflatoxin and new methods of detection. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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26
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Verheecke C, Liboz T, Anson P, Diaz R, Mathieu F. Reduction of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in interaction with Streptomyces. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:967-972. [PMID: 25741015 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate aflatoxin gene expression during Streptomyces-Aspergillus interaction. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic compounds produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. A previous study has shown that Streptomyces-A. flavus interaction can reduce aflatoxin content in vitro. Here, we first validated this same effect in the interaction with A. parasiticus. Moreover, we showed that growth reduction and aflatoxin content were correlated in A. parasiticus but not in A. flavus. Secondly, we investigated the mechanisms of action by reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR. As microbial interaction can lead to variations in expression of household genes, the most stable [act1, βtub (and cox5 for A. parasiticus)] were chosen using geNorm software. To shed light on the mechanisms involved, we studied during the interaction the expression of five genes (aflD, aflM, aflP, aflR and aflS). Overall, the results of aflatoxin gene expression showed that Streptomyces repressed gene expression to a greater level in A. parasiticus than in A. flavus. Expression of aflR and aflS was generally repressed in both Aspergillus species. Expression of aflM was repressed and was correlated with aflatoxin B1 content. The results suggest that aflM expression could be a potential aflatoxin indicator in Streptomyces species interactions. Therefore, we demonstrate that Streptomyces can reduce aflatoxin production by both Aspergillus species and that this effect can be correlated with the repression of aflM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verheecke
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503 CNRS/INPT/UPS, INP-ENSAT, 1, avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - T Liboz
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503 CNRS/INPT/UPS, INP-ENSAT, 1, avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - P Anson
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503 CNRS/INPT/UPS, INP-ENSAT, 1, avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - R Diaz
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503 CNRS/INPT/UPS, INP-ENSAT, 1, avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - F Mathieu
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503 CNRS/INPT/UPS, INP-ENSAT, 1, avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Verheecke C, Liboz T, Anson P, Zhu Y, Mathieu F. Streptomyces-Aspergillus flavus interactions: impact on aflatoxin B accumulation. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:572-6. [PMID: 25632796 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.1003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of Streptomyces sp. as biocontrol agents against aflatoxins in maize. As such, we assumed that Streptomyces sp. could provide a complementary approach to current biocontrol systems such as Afla-guard(®) and we focused on biocontrol that was able to have an antagonistic contact with A. flavus. A previous study showed that 27 (out of 38) Streptomyces sp. had mutual antagonism in contact with A. flavus. Among these, 16 Streptomyces sp. were able to reduce aflatoxin content to below 17% of the residual concentration. We selected six strains to understand the mechanisms involved in the prevention of aflatoxin accumulation. Thus, in interaction with A. flavus, we monitored by RT-qPCR the gene expression of aflD, aflM, aflP, aflR and aflS. All the Streptomyces sp. were able to reduce aflatoxin concentration (24.0-0.2% residual aflatoxin B1). They all impacted on gene expression, but only S35 and S38 were able to repress expression significantly. Indeed, S35 significantly repressed aflM expression and S38 significantly repressed aflR, aflM and aflP. S6 reduced aflatoxin concentrations (2.3% residual aflatoxin B1) and repressed aflS, aflM and enhanced aflR expression. In addition, the S6 strain (previously identified as the most reducing pure aflatoxin B1) was further tested to determine a potential adsorption mechanism. We did not observe any adsorption phenomenon. In conclusion, this study showed that Streptomyces sp. prevent the production of (aflatoxin gene expression) and decontamination of (aflatoxin B1 reduction) aflatoxins in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verheecke
- a Laboratoire de Génie Chimique , Université de Toulouse , Castanet-Tolosan , France
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