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Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Zadernowska A, Zarzecka U, Zakrzewski A, Gajewska J. Enterococci from ready-to-eat food - horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and genotypic characterization by PCR melting profile. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1172-1179. [PMID: 30047163 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the horizontal transfer of genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aph(2″)-Ib, aph(2″)-Ic, aph(2″)-Id, ant(4')-Ia and ant(6')-Ia), tetracyclines (tetM, tetL, tetK, tetO and tetW), and macrolides (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrC, mefAB) in Enterococcus strains isolated from ready-to-eat dishes purchased in bars and restaurants in Olsztyn, Poland. RESULTS It was found that 74% of tested strains were able to conjugal transfer at least one of the antibiotic resistance genes. Transfer of resistance to tetracyclines in strains was observed with a frequency ranging from 1.3 × 10-6 to 8.7 × 10-7 transconjugants/donor. The int gene and the tetM gene were transferred simultaneously, which indicated that a transposon of the Tn916/Tn1545 also participated in the conjugation process. The frequency of transferring genes of resistance to macrolides ranged from 3.2 × 10-6 to 2.4 × 10-8 transconjugants/donor. The ermB gene was transferred the most frequently. The frequency of acquisition of genes encoding aminoglycosides in strains isolated from food ranged from 1.7 × 10-6 to 3,2 × 10-8 transconjugants/donor. Transfer of the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″) gene was the most frequent. In all reactions, the clonal character of transconjugants and recipients was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction melting profile (PCR MP) method, which is an alternative to the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that Enterococcus isolated from ready-to-eat food is able to horizontally transfer genes encoding various antibiotic resistance mechanisms. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Zadernowska
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Urszula Zarzecka
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Zakrzewski
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Meinel DM, Kuehl R, Zbinden R, Boskova V, Garzoni C, Fadini D, Dolina M, Blümel B, Weibel T, Tschudin-Sutter S, Widmer AF, Bielicki JA, Dierig A, Heininger U, Konrad R, Berger A, Hinic V, Goldenberger D, Blaich A, Stadler T, Battegay M, Sing A, Egli A. Outbreak investigation for toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae wound infections in refugees from Northeast Africa and Syria in Switzerland and Germany by whole genome sequencing. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:1003.e1-1003.e8. [PMID: 27585943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae is an important and potentially fatal threat to patients and public health. During the current dramatic influx of refugees into Europe, our objective was to use whole genome sequencing for the characterization of a suspected outbreak of C. diphtheriae wound infections among refugees. After conventional culture, we identified C. diphtheriae using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and investigated toxigenicity by PCR. Whole genome sequencing was performed on a MiSeq Illumina with >70×coverage, 2×250 bp read length, and mapping against a reference genome. Twenty cases of cutaneous C. diphtheriae in refugees from East African countries and Syria identified between April and August 2015 were included. Patients presented with wound infections shortly after arrival in Switzerland and Germany. Toxin production was detected in 9/20 (45%) isolates. Whole genome sequencing-based typing revealed relatedness between isolates using neighbour-joining algorithms. We detected three separate clusters among epidemiologically related refugees. Although the isolates within a cluster showed strong relatedness, isolates differed by >50 nucleotide polymorphisms. Toxigenic C. diphtheriae associated wound infections are currently observed more frequently in Europe, due to refugees travelling under poor hygienic conditions. Close genetic relatedness of C. diphtheriae isolates from 20 refugees with wound infections indicates likely transmission between patients. However, the diversity within each cluster and phylogenetic time-tree analysis suggest that transmissions happened several months ago, most likely outside Europe. Whole genome sequencing offers the potential to describe outbreaks at very high resolution and is a helpful tool in infection tracking and identification of transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Meinel
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Kuehl
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Zbinden
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Boskova
- Computational Evolution, D-BSSE, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Garzoni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - D Fadini
- Internal Medicine, Ospedale di Mendrisio, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - M Dolina
- Clinical Microbiology, EOLAB, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - B Blümel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Weibel
- Clinical Microbiology, Labor Team W, Saint Gallen, Switzerland
| | - S Tschudin-Sutter
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A F Widmer
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J A Bielicki
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Dierig
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - U Heininger
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Konrad
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; German National Consiliary Laboratory on Diphtheria, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A Berger
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; German National Consiliary Laboratory on Diphtheria, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - V Hinic
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Goldenberger
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Blaich
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Stadler
- Computational Evolution, D-BSSE, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Battegay
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Sing
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; German National Consiliary Laboratory on Diphtheria, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - A Egli
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Kałużna M, Albuquerque P, Tavares F, Sobiczewski P, Puławska J. Development of SCAR markers for rapid and specific detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum races 1 and 2, using conventional and real-time PCR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3693-711. [PMID: 26830104 PMCID: PMC4803819 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Specific primers were developed to detect the causal agent of stone fruit bacterial canker using conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. PCR melting profile (PCR MP) used for analysis of diversity of Pseudomonas syringae strains, allowed to pinpoint the amplified fragments specific for P. syringae pv. morsprunorum race 1 (Psm1) and race 2 (Psm2), which were sequenced. Using obtained data, specific sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) primers were designed. Conventional and real-time PCRs, using genomic DNA isolated from different bacterial strains belonging to the Pseudomonas genus, confirmed the specificity of selected primers. Additionally, the specificity of the selected DNA regions for Psm1 and Psm2 was confirmed by dot blot hybridisation. Conventional and real-time PCR assays enabled accurate detection of Psm1 and Psm2 in pure cultures and in plant material. For conventional PCR, the detection limits were the order of magnitude ~10(0) cfu/reaction for Psm1 and 10(1) cfu/reaction for Psm2 in pure cultures, while in plant material were 10(0)-10(1) cfu/reaction using primers for Psm1 and 3 × 10(2) cfu/reaction using primers for Psm2. Real-time PCR assays with SYBR Green I showed a higher limit of detection (LOD) - 10(0) cfu/reaction in both pure culture and in plant material for each primer pairs designed, which corresponds to 30-100 and 10-50 fg of DNA of Psm1 and Psm2, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first PCR-based method for detection of the causal agents of bacterial canker of stone fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kałużna
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Pedro Albuquerque
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciencias, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Porto, Edifício FC4, Via Panoramica No. 36, 4150-564, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciencias, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Porto, Edifício FC4, Via Panoramica No. 36, 4150-564, Porto, Portugal
| | - Piotr Sobiczewski
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Joanna Puławska
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
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