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Pillai SP, DePalma L, Prentice KW, Ramage JG, Chapman C, Sarwar J, Parameswaran N, Petersen J, Yockey B, Young J, Singh A, Pillai CA, Manickam G, Thirunavkkarasu N, Avila JR, Sharma S, Morse SA, Venkateswaran K, Anderson K, Hodge DR. Comprehensive Laboratory Evaluation of a Specific Lateral Flow Assay for the Presumptive Identification of Francisella tularensis in Suspicious White Powders and Aerosol Samples. Health Secur 2020; 18:83-95. [PMID: 32324068 PMCID: PMC7194312 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2019.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive, multi-phase laboratory evaluation of the Tularemia BioThreat Alert® (BTA) test, a lateral flow assay (LFA) for the rapid detection of Francisella tularensis. The study, conducted at 2 sites, evaluated the limit of detection (LOD) of this assay using the virulent SchuS4 strain and the avirulent LVS strain of F. tularensis. In 6-phase evaluation (linear dynamic range and reproducibility, inclusivity, near-neighbor, environmental background, white powder, and environmental filter extract), 13 diverse strains of F. tularensis, 8 Francisella near neighbors, 61 environmental background organisms, 26 white powders, and a pooled aerosol extract were tested. In the 937 tests performed, the Tularemia BTA demonstrated an LOD of 107 to 108 cfu/mL, with a sensitivity of 100.00%, specificity of 98.08%, and accuracy of 98.84%. These performance data are important for accurate interpretation of qualitative results arising from screening suspicious white powders in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segaran P Pillai
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Lindsay DePalma
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Kristin W Prentice
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Jason G Ramage
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Carol Chapman
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Jawad Sarwar
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Nishanth Parameswaran
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Jeannine Petersen
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Brook Yockey
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - John Young
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Ajay Singh
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Christine A Pillai
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Gowri Manickam
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Nagarajan Thirunavkkarasu
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Julie R Avila
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Shashi Sharma
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Stephen A Morse
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Kodumudi Venkateswaran
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - Kevin Anderson
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
| | - David R Hodge
- Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA Office of the Commissioner, Silver Spring, MD. Lindsay DePalma, MS, is a Staff Life Scientist, Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA. Kristin W. Prentice, MS, is an Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, Rockville, MD. Jason G. Ramage, MS, MBA, PMP, is Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Director of Research Compliance, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Carol Chapman, MS, is a Microbiologist, Geneva Foundation, Contractor Support to the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Jawad Sarwar, MS, is a Senior Research Scientist, and Nishanth Parameswaran is a Research Scientist; both at Omni Array Biotechnology, Rockville, MD. Jeannine Petersen, PhD, Brook Yockey, and John Young are Microbiologists; all with DHHS/CDC/OID/NCEZID/DVBD/BDB, Fort Collins, CO. Ajay Singh, PhD, is a Research Scientist, Laulima Government Solutions, Contractor Support to USAMRICD, Neurobiological Toxicology Branch, Analytical Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavvukarasu, PhD, is an ORISE Fellow; and Shashi K. Sharma, PhD, is a Research Microbiologist; all at the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, College Park, MD. Julie R. Avila, MS, is a Scientific Associate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Livermore, CA. Stephen A. Morse, MSPH, PhD, is a Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, and is currently with IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Kodumudi Venkateswaran, PhD, is Chief Scientist, Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD. Kevin Anderson, PhD, and David R. Hodge, PhD, are Program Managers, Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
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