1
|
Chowdhury AR, Mukherjee D, Chatterjee R, Chakravortty D. Defying the odds: Determinants of the antimicrobial response of Salmonella Typhi and their interplay. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:213-229. [PMID: 38071466 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhi, the invasive serovar of S. enterica subspecies enterica, causes typhoid fever in healthy human hosts. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has consistently challenged the successful treatment of typhoid fever with conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella is acquired either by mutations in the genomic DNA or by acquiring extrachromosomal DNA via horizontal gene transfer. In addition, Salmonella can form a subpopulation of antibiotic persistent (AP) cells that can survive at high concentrations of antibiotics. These have reduced the effectiveness of the first and second lines of antibiotics used to treat Salmonella infection. The recurrent and chronic carriage of S. Typhi in human hosts further complicates the treatment process, as a remarkable shift in the immune response from pro-inflammatory Th1 to anti-inflammatory Th2 is observed. Recent studies have also highlighted the overlap between AP, persistent infection (PI) and AMR. These incidents have revealed several areas of research. In this review, we have put forward a timeline for the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella and discussed the different mechanisms of the same availed by the pathogen at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Further, we have presented a detailed discussion on Salmonella antibiotic persistence (AP), PI, the host and bacterial virulence factors that can influence PI, and how both AP and PI can lead to AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Debapriya Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ritika Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shaheen A, Tariq A, Ismat F, Naveed H, De Zorzi R, Iqbal M, Storici P, Mirza O, Walz T, Rahman M. Identification of additional mechanistically important residues in the multidrug transporter styMdtM of Salmonella Typhi. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37787617 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2263882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug efflux is a well-established mechanism of drug resistance in bacterial pathogens like Salmonella Typhi. styMdtM (locus name; STY4874) is a multidrug efflux transporter of the major facilitator superfamily expressed in S. Typhi. Functional assays identified several residues important for its transport activity. Here, we used an AlphaFold model to identify additional residues for analysis by mutagenesis. Mutation of peripheral residue Cys185 had no effect on the structure or function of the transporter. However, substitution of channel-lining residues Tyr29 and Tyr231 completely abolished transport function. Finally, mutation of Gln294, which faces peripheral helices of the transporter, resulted in the loss of transport of some substrates. Crystallization studies yielded diffraction data for the wild-type protein at 4.5 Å resolution and allowed the unit cell parameters to be established as a = b = 64.3 Å, c = 245.4 Å, α = β = γ = 90°, in space group P4. Our studies represent a further stepping stone towards a mechanistic understanding of the clinically important multidrug transporter styMdtM.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Shaheen
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anam Tariq
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Protein Facility, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MA, USA
| | - Fouzia Ismat
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Naveed
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences - FAST, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rita De Zorzi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Paola Storici
- Protein Facility, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Trieste, Italy
| | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Walz
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chetri S. The culmination of multidrug-resistant efflux pumps vs. meager antibiotic arsenal era: Urgent need for an improved new generation of EPIs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1149418. [PMID: 37138605 PMCID: PMC10149990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1149418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps function as an advanced defense system against antimicrobials by reducing the concentration of drugs inside the bacteria and extruding the substances outside. Various extraneous substances, including antimicrobials, toxic heavy metals, dyes, and detergents, have been removed by this protective barrier composed of diverse transporter proteins found in between the cell membrane and the periplasm within the bacterial cell. In this review, multiple efflux pump families have been analytically and widely outlined, and their potential applications have been discussed in detail. Additionally, this review also discusses a variety of biological functions of efflux pumps, including their role in the formation of biofilms, quorum sensing, their survivability, and the virulence in bacteria, and the genes/proteins associated with efflux pumps have also been explored for their potential relevance to antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic residue detection. A final discussion centers around efflux pump inhibitors, particularly those derived from plants.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mhapankar N, Siddique A, Doshi G, Godad A, Zine S. Deciphering the Role of β-Lactamase Inhibitors, Membrane Permeabilizers and Efflux Pump Inhibitors as Emerging Targets in Antibiotic Resistance. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:524-530. [PMID: 36458225 PMCID: PMC9705633 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drugs have been noticed to have reduce activity effective due to upsurge witnessed in resistance of microbes. To deal with viewpoint of such a circumstance, we must seek ways to prevent it or atleast mitigate its effects in order to provide its activity against the microbes. Hence, novel antimicrobials are the one of the most promising solution for ending antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, due to the less development of newer antimicrobials in recent years, the only way to combat microbial resistance are various synergistic approaches of exploring antimicrobial drug combinations. This combination's efficacy is due to a synergistic chemical that re-sensitizes the resistant microbial strain. It has been observed that classes of β-lactamases inhibitors, efflux pump inhibitors and membrane permeabilizers are of particular relevance, since they can break resistance to the most commonly used antimicrobials. This review explains the readers that how these synergistic combinations can help to reduce or eliminate the microbial resistance supported with clinical evidence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-022-01045-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Mhapankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai, 400074 India
| | - Aqsa Siddique
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Angel Godad
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Maharashtra, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandip Zine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Punica granatum, alone and in Combination with Calcium Hydroxide, Is Effective against Mono- and Polymicrobial Biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050584. [PMID: 35625228 PMCID: PMC9138113 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Failures in endodontic treatments are mostly associated with the difficulty in eradicating microbes of the root canal system, highlighting the need to develop novel effective antimicrobials. Punica granatum (pomegranate) leaf hydroalcoholic extract may be a potential alternative in canal dressing, owing to its antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Punica granatum (HEPg) alone or in combination with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in isolation and in mono- and polymicrobial biofilms. Microdilution tests in broth and assays for inhibition of biofilm formation were carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of HEPg and HEPg + Ca(OH)2 against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The cytotoxicity of HEPg in HaCaT cells was evaluated by MTT assay. HEPg and HEPg + Ca(OH)2 exerted significant antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells and mono- and polymicrobial biofilms. The combination of Punica granatum extract with Ca(OH)2 appears to be a promising alternative in endodontic treatments, which could be tested in vivo to confirm the efficacy of this mixture in disinfecting root canal systems.
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang L, Wu C, Gao H, Xu C, Dai M, Huang L, Hao H, Wang X, Cheng G. Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps at the Frontline of Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040520. [PMID: 35453271 PMCID: PMC9032748 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug efflux pumps function at the frontline to protect bacteria against antimicrobials by decreasing the intracellular concentration of drugs. This protective barrier consists of a series of transporter proteins, which are located in the bacterial cell membrane and periplasm and remove diverse extraneous substrates, including antimicrobials, organic solvents, toxic heavy metals, etc., from bacterial cells. This review systematically and comprehensively summarizes the functions of multiple efflux pumps families and discusses their potential applications. The biological functions of efflux pumps including their promotion of multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and survival and pathogenicity of bacteria are elucidated. The potential applications of efflux pump-related genes/proteins for the detection of antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance are also analyzed. Last but not least, efflux pump inhibitors, especially those of plant origin, are discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xia X, Yang L, Ling Y, Yu J, Ding H. Emergence and Mechanism of Resistance of Tulathromycin Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in a PK/PD Model and the Fitness Costs of 23S rRNA Mutants. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:801800. [PMID: 35224081 PMCID: PMC8873822 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.801800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolides are widely used in diseases caused by Mycoplasma spp. The new semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic tulathromycin is currently in wide use for the treatment of respiratory diseases of livestock. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of tulathromycin against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to reveal mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and to evaluate the fitness of drug-resistant strains. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine drug concentrations for the in vitro model after dosing. The peak concentrations were in the range 0.3125–20 μg/mL (1 × MIC-64 × MIC). The ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) over 72 h divided by the MIC (AUC72h/MIC) had the highest correlation with the antibacterial effect of tulathromycin against M. hyopneumoniae. Tulathromycin also showed concentration-dependent antimicrobial effects and promoted the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria after being cultured for 168 h and most were mutations in 23S rRNA at site A2058G (E.coli numbering) and only a single isolate was an A2058T (E.coli numbering) mutant. In the presence of reserpine, we determined the MIC of tulathromycin, tilmicosin, tiamulin and tylosin against these drug-resistant bacteria and the strains with efflux pump mechanisms were found among the strains resistant to tilmicosin. Gene expression analysis indicated that the ABC and MATE transporter efflux pump genes RS01935, RS02670, RS01115, RS01970, RS02395 and RS03540 (MATE family efflux transporter) were up-regulated in the three strains (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These investigations provide guidance for clinical administration of tulathromycin and elucidate the mechanism and fitness cost of drug resistance in M. hyopneumoniae.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shaheen A, Tariq A, Iqbal M, Mirza O, Haque A, Walz T, Rahman M. Mutational Diversity in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Type-II Topoisomerases of Salmonella Serovars. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121455. [PMID: 34943668 PMCID: PMC8698434 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinolone resistance in bacterial pathogens has primarily been associated with mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of bacterial type-II topoisomerases, which are DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Depending on the position and type of the mutation (s) in the QRDRs, bacteria either become partially or completely resistant to quinolone. QRDR mutations have been identified and characterized in Salmonella enterica isolates from around the globe, particularly during the last decade, and efforts have been made to understand the propensity of different serovars to carry such mutations. Because there is currently no thorough analysis of the available literature on QRDR mutations in different Salmonella serovars, this review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the mutational diversity in QRDRs of Salmonella serovars, summarizing the literature related to both typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars with a special emphasis on recent findings. This review will also discuss plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinants with respect to their additive or synergistic contributions with QRDR mutations in imparting elevated quinolone resistance. Finally, the review will assess the contribution of membrane transporter-mediated quinolone efflux to quinolone resistance in strains carrying QRDR mutations. This information should be helpful to guide the routine surveillance of foodborne Salmonella serovars, especially with respect to their spread across countries, as well as to improve laboratory diagnosis of quinolone-resistant Salmonella strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Shaheen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.R.); Tel.: +92-53-3643112-187 (A.S.); +92-42-35953122 (M.R.)
| | - Anam Tariq
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Abdul Haque
- Human Infectious Diseases Group, Akhuwat First University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Thomas Walz
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Moazur Rahman
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.R.); Tel.: +92-53-3643112-187 (A.S.); +92-42-35953122 (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Attallah NGM, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, Elmongy EI, Altwaijry N, El-Haroun H, El-Masry TA, El-Sherbeni SA. Elucidation of Phytochemical Content of Cupressus macrocarpa Leaves: In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Effect against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080890. [PMID: 34438940 PMCID: PMC8388636 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen that causes various infections. The increasing resistance of MRSA to different antibiotics is widely spreading; therefore, plant extracts may be novel therapeutic alternatives. The phytochemical profiling of Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon leaves in vitro, and in vivo, antimicrobial potential of its extracts against MRSA clinical isolates were explored. A phytochemical tentative identification of 49 compounds was performed in the leaves using LC-ESI-MS/MS; in addition, isolation, and structure elucidation of hesperidin and eriocitrin were achieved for the first time. The diethyl ether extract (DEEL) exhibited the best antibacterial effect with MIC values ranging from 2 to 8 µg/mL, which significantly reduced the growth and efflux activity in 48.78% and 29.26% of isolates, respectively. qRT-PCR showed a significant down expression of norA and norB genes, which significantly affected the bacterial cell morphology and had a non-significant effect on membrane depolarization (using flow cytometry). In a rat model, four groups were wounded and treated with normal saline or DEEL, or infected with MRSA, or infected and treated with DEEL. The regeneration of the epidermis, maturation of granulation tissue, and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration were observed after treatment with DEEL. Thus, C. macrocarpa leaves may be a promising source for new antimicrobials against MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nashwah G. M. Attallah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.G.M.A.); (N.A.)
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Giza 8655, Egypt (previously NODCAR)
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt; (W.A.N.); (S.A.E.-S.)
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.E.); or (E.I.E.)
| | - Elshaymaa I. Elmongy
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.G.M.A.); (N.A.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.E.); or (E.I.E.)
| | - Najla Altwaijry
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia; (N.G.M.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Hala El-Haroun
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm 32511, Egypt;
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt;
| | - Suzy A. El-Sherbeni
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt; (W.A.N.); (S.A.E.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang L, Ahmed S, Gu Y, Huang J, An B, Wu C, Zhou Y, Cheng G. The Effects of Natural Products and Environmental Conditions on Antimicrobial Resistance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144277. [PMID: 34299552 PMCID: PMC8303546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the extensive application of antibiotics in medical and farming practices, the continued diversification and development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has attracted serious public concern. With the emergence of AMR and the failure to treat bacterial infections, it has led to an increased interest in searching for novel antibacterial substances such as natural antimicrobial substances, including microbial volatile compounds (MVCs), plant-derived compounds, and antimicrobial peptides. However, increasing observations have revealed that AMR is associated not only with the use of antibacterial substances but also with tolerance to heavy metals existing in nature and being used in agriculture practice. Additionally, bacteria respond to environmental stresses, e.g., nutrients, oxidative stress, envelope stress, by employing various adaptive strategies that contribute to the development of AMR and the survival of bacteria. Therefore, we need to elucidate thoroughly the factors and conditions affecting AMR to take comprehensive measures to control the development of AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Yufeng Gu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Junhong Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Boyu An
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Cuirong Wu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Yujie Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.H.); (Y.G.); (J.H.); (B.A.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shaheen A, Ismat F, Iqbal M, Haque A, Ul-Haq Z, Mirza O, De Zorzi R, Walz T, Rahman M. Characterization of the multidrug efflux transporter styMdtM from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Proteins 2021; 89:1193-1204. [PMID: 33983672 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellae are foodborne pathogens and the major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Salmonellae express multidrug efflux transporters that play a key role in their drug resistance, which is becoming an increasing problem for therapeutic intervention. Despite their biomedical importance, the mechanisms underlying substrate transport by multidrug efflux transporters remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the first characterization of a multidrug transporter belonging to the major facilitator superfamily from the genus Salmonella. We show that several clinical Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates constitutively express the styMdtM (STY4874) gene, which encodes a known multidrug-resistance (MDR) transporter. Guided by the structure of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) homolog, we studied two residues critical for substrate transport, Asp25 and Arg111. Mutation of Asp25 to glutamate did not affect the transport function of styMdtM, whereas mutation to alanine reduced its transport activity, suggesting that a negative charge at this position is critical for substrate translocation across the membrane. Substrate-affinity measurements by intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the Asp25Ala mutant retained its capacity to bind substrate, albeit at a lower level. Mutation of Arg111 to alanine resulted in a decrease in secondary structure content of the transporter, and mutation to lysine completely destabilized the structure of the transporter. A homology model of styMdtM suggests that Arg111 is important for stabilizing the transmembrane domain by mediating necessary interactions between neighboring helices. Together, our studies provide new structural and mechanistic insights into the Salmonella MDR transporter styMdtM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Shaheen
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fouzia Ismat
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haque
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.,Akhuwat First University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rita De Zorzi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas Walz
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Durães F, Resende DISP, Palmeira A, Szemerédi N, Pinto MMM, Spengler G, Sousa E. Xanthones Active against Multidrug Resistance and Virulence Mechanisms of Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:600. [PMID: 34069329 PMCID: PMC8158687 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria able to resist to the action of a wide range of antibiotics is becoming a growing problem for public health. The search for new compounds with the potential to help in the reversion of bacterial resistance plays an important role in current medicinal chemistry research. Under this scope, bacterial efflux pumps are responsible for the efflux of antimicrobials, and their inhibition could reverse resistance. In this study, the multidrug resistance reversing activity of a series of xanthones was investigated. Firstly, docking studies were performed in the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump and in a homology model of the NorA pump. Then, the effects of twenty xanthone derivatives on bacterial growth were evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus 272123 and in the acrA gene-inactivated mutant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 (SE03). Their efflux pump inhibitory properties were assessed using real-time fluorimetry. Assays concerning the activity of these compounds towards the inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing have also been performed. Results showed that a halogenated phenylmethanamine xanthone derivative displayed an interesting profile, as far as efflux pump inhibition and biofilm formation were concerned. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of xanthones as potential efflux pump inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Durães
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diana I. S. P. Resende
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nikoletta Szemerédi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Madalena M. M. Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Casciaro B, Mangiardi L, Cappiello F, Romeo I, Loffredo MR, Iazzetti A, Calcaterra A, Goggiamani A, Ghirga F, Mangoni ML, Botta B, Quaglio D. Naturally-Occurring Alkaloids of Plant Origin as Potential Antimicrobials against Antibiotic-Resistant Infections. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163619. [PMID: 32784887 PMCID: PMC7466045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is now considered a worldwide problem that puts public health at risk. The onset of bacterial strains resistant to conventional antibiotics and the scarcity of new drugs have prompted scientific research to re-evaluate natural products as molecules with high biological and chemical potential. A class of natural compounds of significant importance is represented by alkaloids derived from higher plants. In this review, we have collected data obtained from various research groups on the antimicrobial activities of these alkaloids against conventional antibiotic-resistant strains. In addition, the structure–function relationship was described and commented on, highlighting the high potential of alkaloids as antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Casciaro
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (L.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Laura Mangiardi
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (L.M.); (I.R.)
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.I.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (D.Q.)
| | - Floriana Cappiello
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.L.)
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (L.M.); (I.R.)
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.I.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (D.Q.)
| | - Maria Rosa Loffredo
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.L.)
| | - Antonia Iazzetti
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.I.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (D.Q.)
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.I.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (D.Q.)
| | - Antonella Goggiamani
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.I.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (D.Q.)
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (L.M.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.L.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (M.R.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.L.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.I.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (D.Q.)
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.L.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.I.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (D.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|