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Ndraha N, Lin HY, Hsiao HI, Lin HJ. Managing the microbiological safety of tilapia from farm to consumer. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e70023. [PMID: 39289805 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.70023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Tilapia stands out as one of the most extensively farmed and consumed fish species globally, valued for its ease of preparation and relative affordability. Although tilapia is a valuable protein source, it can also function as a vector for foodborne pathogens. This literature review reveals that tilapia could carry a variety of contamination with various foodborne pathogens, including Plesiomonas shigelloides, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella Weltevreden, Salmonella enterica, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium botulinum, and Listeria monocytogenes. Although guidelines from entities, such as the Global Seafood Alliance, Aquaculture Stewardship Council, and International Organization for Standardization, have been established to ensure the microbiological safety of tilapia, the unique challenges posed by pathogens in tilapia farming call for a more nuanced and targeted approach. Recognizing that contaminants could emerge at various stages of the tilapia supply chain, there is a crucial need for enhanced detection and monitoring of pathogens associated with this fish and its culturing environment. Additionally, it is essential to acknowledge the potential impact of climate change on the safety of tilapia, which may elevate the prevalence and contamination levels of pathogens in this fish. Proactive measures are essential to understand and mitigate the effects of climate change on tilapia production, ensuring the sustainability and safety of this seafood product for both present and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodali Ndraha
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hsin-I Hsiao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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2
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Chen Z, Moreno-Switt AI, Reyes-Jara A, Delgado Suarez E, Adell AD, Oliveira CJB, Bonelli RR, Huang X, Brown E, Allard M, Grim C, Bell R, Meng J, Toro M. A multicenter genomic epidemiological investigation in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico reveals the diversity and persistence of Salmonella populations in surface waters. mBio 2024; 15:e0077724. [PMID: 38920393 PMCID: PMC11253603 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00777-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the diversity and persistence of Salmonella in the surface waters of agricultural regions of Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Research groups (three in 2019-2020 and five in 2021-2022) conducted a long-term survey of surface water across 5-8 months annually (n = 30 monthly). On-site, each team filtered 10-L water samples with modified Moore Swabs to capture Salmonella, which were then isolated and identified using conventional microbiological techniques. Salmonella isolates were sequenced on Illumina platforms. Salmonella was present in 1,493/3,291 water samples (45.8%), with varying isolation rates across countries and years. Newport, Infantis, and Typhimurium were the most frequent among the 128 different serovars. Notably, 22 serovars were found in all three countries, representing almost half of the 1,911 different isolates collected. The resistome comprised 72 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and six point mutations in three genes. At least one AMR determinant was observed in 33.8% (646/1,911) of the isolates, of which 47.4% (306/646) were potentially multidrug resistant. Phylogeny based on core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) showed that most isolates clustered according to sequence type and country of origin. Only 14 cgMLST multi-country clusters were detected among the 275 clusters. However, further analysis confirmed that close genetic relatedness occurred mostly among isolates from the same country, with three exceptions. Interestingly, isolates closely related phylogenetically were recovered over multiple years within the same country, indicating the persistence of certain Salmonella in those areas. In conclusion, surface waters in these regions are consistently contaminated with diverse Salmonella, including strains that persist over time.IMPORTANCESalmonella is a leading foodborne pathogen responsible for millions of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths annually. Although Salmonella-contaminated water has now been recognized as an important contamination source in the agrifood chain, there is a lack of knowledge on the global occurrence and diversity of Salmonella in surface water. Moreover, there has been insufficient research on Salmonella in surface waters from Latin American countries that are major producers and exporters of agricultural products. Incorporating genetic profiling of Salmonella isolates from underrepresented regions, such as Latin America, enhances our understanding of the pathogen's ecology, evolution, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenicity. Moreover, leveraging genomic data derived from pathogens isolated from diverse geographical areas is critical for assessing the potential public health risk posed by the pathogen and expediting investigations of foodborne outbreaks. Ultimately, global efforts contribute significantly to reducing the incidence of foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelica Reyes-Jara
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Delgado Suarez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aiko D. Adell
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Raquel Regina Bonelli
- Medical Microbiology Research Laboratory, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Xinyang Huang
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Brown
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Allard
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Bell
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Magaly Toro
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Hafiane FZ, Tahri L, El Jarmouni M, Reyad AM, Fekhaoui M, Mohamed MO, Abdelrahman EA, Rizk SH, El-Sayyad GS, Elkhatib WF. Incidence, identification and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in the well waters of Tadla Plain, Morocco. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15380. [PMID: 38965268 PMCID: PMC11224349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Concerns about challenges with water availability in the Tadla Plain region of Morocco have grown as a result of groundwater contamination brought on by human activity, climate change, and insufficient groundwater management. The objective of the study is to measure the number of resistant bacteria in the groundwater of Beni Moussa and Beni Aamir, as well as to evaluate the level of water pollution in this area. 200 samples were therefore gathered from 43 wells over the course of four seasonal campaigns in 2017 and 2018. Additionally, the samples were examined to determine whether Salmonella species were present and if they were resistant to the 16 antibiotics that were tested. Salmonella spp. have been identified in 31 isolated strains in total, accounting for 18.02% of all isolated strains. Data on antibiotic resistance show that 58.1% of Salmonella spp. strains are multidrug-resistant (MDR); 38.7% of Salmonella strains are tolerant to at least six antibiotics, 19.4% to at least nine antibiotics, 9.7% to four to seven antibiotics, 6.5% to at least eleven antibiotics, and the remaining 3.2% to up to twelve antibiotics. A considerable level of resistance to cefepime (61.29%), imipenem (54.84%), ceftazidime (45.16%), ofloxacin (70.97%), and ertapenem (74.19%) was found in the data. Consequently, it is important to monitor and regulate the growth of MDR in order to prevent the groundwater's quality from declining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Hafiane
- Geo-Biodiversity and Natural Patrimony Laboratory GEOPAC Research Center Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Ibn Battuta Av, B. P1040, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Latifa Tahri
- Geo-Biodiversity and Natural Patrimony Laboratory GEOPAC Research Center Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Ibn Battuta Av, B. P1040, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Ahmed M Reyad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Fekhaoui
- Geo-Biodiversity and Natural Patrimony Laboratory GEOPAC Research Center Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Ibn Battuta Av, B. P1040, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed O Mohamed
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab A Abdelrahman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Samar H Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Suez, Egypt.
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Asif A, Chen JS, Hussain B, Hsu GJ, Rathod J, Huang SW, Wu CC, Hsu BM. The escalating threat of human-associated infectious bacteria in surface aquatic resources: Insights into prevalence, antibiotic resistance, survival mechanisms, detection, and prevention strategies. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 265:104371. [PMID: 38851127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities and climate change profoundly impact water quality, leading to a concerning increase in the prevalence and abundance of bacterial pathogens across diverse aquatic environments. This rise has resulted in a growing challenge concerning the safety of water sources, particularly surface waters and marine environments. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted challenges presented by bacterial pathogens, emphasizing threads to human health within ground and surface waters, including marine ecosystems. The exploration encompasses the intricate survival mechanisms employed by bacterial pathogens and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance, largely driven by human-generated antibiotic contamination in aquatic systems. The review further addresses prevalent pathogenic bacteria, elucidating associated risk factors, exploring their eco-physiology, and discussing the production of potent toxins. The spectrum of detection techniques, ranging from conventional to cutting-edge molecular approaches, is thoroughly examined to underscore their significance in identifying and understanding waterborne bacterial pathogens. A critical aspect highlighted in this review is the imperative for real-time monitoring of biomarkers associated with waterborne bacterial pathogens. This monitoring serves as an early warning system, facilitating the swift implementation of action plans to preserve and protect global water resources. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides fresh insights and perspectives, emphasizing the paramount importance of preserving the quality of aquatic resources to safeguard human health on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslia Asif
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jong Hsu
- Division of Infectious Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jagat Rathod
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Near Gujarat International Finance and Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chia Wu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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5
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Yoneda I, Nishiyama M, Watanabe T. Significant Factors for Modelling Survival of Escherichia coli in Lake Sediments. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1192. [PMID: 38930574 PMCID: PMC11206117 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently available numerical models that describe the fecal contamination of aquatic environments using Escherichia coli as an indicator bacterium did not consider its survival in sediments. We conducted a series of comparative experiments to reveal the independent and interactive effects of sediment factors, including temperature, pH, water-extractable total dissolved solids (TDSs), coexisting microbes, and sampling sites, in lake environments on E. coli survival. In experiments, E. coli survival was observed by controlling any two factors at a time. Consequently, the decrease in pH and presence of coexisting microbes enhanced E. coli die-off, whereas the addition of water-extractable TDSs promoted its growth. To select factors to be considered for modelling E. coli survival in sediments, the independent effects of each factor and the interaction effect of the two factors were statistically compared based on their effect sizes (η2). As a result, pH (η2 = 59.5-89.0%) affected E. coli survival most significantly, followed by coexisting microbes (1.7-48.4%). Among the interactions affecting E. coli survival, including pH or coexisting microbes-which had larger independent effects-relatively larger statistically significant interactions were observed between pH and coexisting microbes (31.1%), coexisting microbes and water-extractable TDSs (85.4%), and coexisting microbes and temperature (26.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Yoneda
- Department of Regional Environment Creation, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 18-8 Ueda 3-Chome, Morioka 020-8850, Japan;
| | - Masateru Nishiyama
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-Machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan;
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-Machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan;
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6
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McConn BR, Kraft AL, Durso LM, Ibekwe AM, Frye JG, Wells JE, Tobey EM, Ritchie S, Williams CF, Cook KL, Sharma M. An analysis of culture-based methods used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. from surface water: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172190. [PMID: 38575025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Identification of methods for the standardized assessment of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in environmental water can improve the quality of monitoring and data collected, support global surveillance efforts, and enhance the understanding of environmental water sources. We conducted a systematic review to assemble and synthesize available literature that identified methods for assessment of prevalence and abundance of bacterial fecal indicators and pathogens in water for the purposes of monitoring bacterial pathogens and AMR. After screening for quality, 175 unique publications were identified from 15 databases, and data were extracted for analysis. This review identifies the most common and robust methods, and media used to isolate target organisms from surface water sources, summarizes methodological trends, and recognizes knowledge gaps. The information presented in this review will be useful when establishing standardized methods for monitoring bacterial pathogens and AMR in water in the United States and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R McConn
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education/U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Autumn L Kraft
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education/U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Lisa M Durso
- USDA ARS Agroecoystem Management Research, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Abasiofiok M Ibekwe
- USDA ARS, Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G Frye
- USDA ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - James E Wells
- USDA ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Meat Safety and Quality, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M Tobey
- USDA National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Ritchie
- USDA National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Clinton F Williams
- USDA ARS, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, United States of America
| | - Kimberly L Cook
- USDA ARS, Nutrition, Food Safety and Quality National Program Staff, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Manan Sharma
- USDA ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America.
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Yang Q, Chen J, Dai J, He Y, Wei K, Gong M, Chen Q, Sheng H, Su L, Liu L, Chen J, Bai L, Cui S, Yang B. Total coliforms, microbial diversity and multiple characteristics of Salmonella in soil-irrigation water-fresh vegetable system in Shaanxi, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171657. [PMID: 38490413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Global occurrences of foodborne disease outbreaks have been documented, involving fresh agricultural produce contaminated by various pathogens. This contamination can occur at any point in the supply chain. However, studies on the prevalence of total coliforms, Salmonella and microbial diversity in vegetable and associated environments are limited. This study aimed to assess 1) the number of total coliforms (n = 299) and diversity of microbial communities (n = 52); 2) the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, genomic characteristics, and potential transmission relationships of Salmonella in soil-irrigation water-vegetable system (n = 506). Overall, 84.28 % samples were positive to total coliforms, with most frequently detected in soil (100 %), followed by irrigation water (79.26 %) and vegetables (62.00 %). A seasonal trend in coliform prevalence was observed, with significantly higher levels in summer (P < 0.05). Detection rates of Salmonella in soil, vegetable and irrigation water were 2.21 %, 4.74 % and 9.40 %. Fourteen serotypes and sequence types (STs) were respectively annotated in 56 Salmonella isolates, ST13 S. Agona (30.36 %, 17/56), ST469 S. Rissen (25.00 %, 14/56), and ST36 S. Typhimurium (12.50 %, 7/56) were dominant serotypes and STs. Thirty-one (55.36 %) isolates were multi-drug resistant, and the resistance was most frequently found to ampicillin (55.36 %, 31/56), followed by to sulfamethoxazole (51.79 %, 29/56) and tetracycline (50.00 %, 28/56). The genomic characteristics and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates from soil, vegetables, and irrigation water within a coherent geographical locale exhibited remarkable similarities, indicating Salmonella may be transmitted among these environments or have a common source of contamination. Microbial alpha diversity indices in soil were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in vegetable and irrigation water. The microbial phylum in irrigation water covered that in the vegetable, demonstrating a significant overlap in the microbial communities between the vegetables and the irrigation water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinghan Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanjie He
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kexin Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengqing Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qinquan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huanjing Sheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Li Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China.
| | - Li Bai
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
| | - Shenghui Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Ferro P, Morales E, Ticona E, Ferró-Gonzales P, Oblitas A, Ferró-Gonzáles AL. Water quality and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in isolated of E. coli from water for human consumption in Bagua, under One Health approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23961. [PMID: 38226252 PMCID: PMC10788533 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The One Health approach acknowledges the interconnection between human health, animal health, and environmental health, recognizing that these domains are closely intertwined, as many diseases affecting humans are also common in animals. Water acts as a vehicle for the transmission of such diseases, highlighting the significance of monitoring the quality of water intended for human consumption. In 2022, a research study was conducted to evaluate the water quality for human consumption in Bagua, Amazonas Region. The physicochemical analysis indicated that most parameters were within normal range, except for residual chlorine, which was predominantly absent. Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of total coliforms and E. coli. Phenotypic characterization of E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to the several antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, gentamicin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. These findings indicate a compromised production of water for human consumption, as per the water quality regulations in Peru. The presence of fecal contamination poses a significant microbiological risk to consumers. These results underscore the breakdown of the human-environment-animal interface within the One Health approach, thereby endangering public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pompeyo Ferro
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Jr. Ancash 520, Bagua, 01721, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Eli Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Jr. Ancash 520, Bagua, 01721, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Euclides Ticona
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Jr. Ancash 520, Bagua, 01721, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Polan Ferró-Gonzales
- Departamento Académico de la Facultad de Ingeniería Económica, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Av. Floral No 1153, Puno, 21001, Peru
| | - Anderson Oblitas
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Jr. Ancash 520, Bagua, 01721, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Ana Lucia Ferró-Gonzáles
- Departamento Académico de Gestión y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Juliaca, Av. Nueva Zelandia 631, Juliaca, 21101, Puno, Peru
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Graves GM, Tanner RS, Vogel JR, De León KB, Walls AW. The effect of Paenibacillus on IDEXX Enterolert results from freshwater stream environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91074-91083. [PMID: 37466837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Enterolert, a fluorogenic substrate test, is used as a quantitative method for determining freshwater concentrations of Enterococcus for water quality indicators. However, there is some evidence from recent studies suggesting that Enterolert may not suppress false positives due to pollution sources in waterbodies. In this study, we evaluated this method by analyzing field water and sediment samples from four freshwater streams. We also performed a laboratory microcosm study from two of the stream sediments. The Enterolert method was investigated by phenotypic and genomic analyses for accuracy of isolating and quantifying Enterococcus and/or Streptococcus. Additionally, we tested isolates from Enterolert panels for antibiotic resistance. Results from the field and microcosm studies from initial to final time points indicated that false positives were predominantly Paenibacillus spp. and other non-fecal indicator bacteria. Furthermore, the microcosm study indicated shifts from lactic acid to non-lactic acid bacteria between initial to final time points, but Enterococcus concentrations from Enterolert panels remained stable for the duration of the study for both stream sediments. Antibiotic resistance indicated no distinct pattern of resistance or susceptibility to a suite of antibiotics. However, all isolates tested were resistant to bacitracin and nalidixic acid. In conclusion, we found that Enterolert was not exclusively selective for Enterococcus from freshwater environments and that sediment and polluted waterbodies have the potential to skew the presumed concentrations. More research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness and selectivity of the medium used for the fluorogenic substrate test for Enterococcus enumeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M Graves
- Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, The University of Oklahoma, 303 Carson Engineering Center, 202 W. Boyd, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Ralph S Tanner
- Microbiology and Plant Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 716 George Lynn Cross Hall, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jason R Vogel
- Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, The University of Oklahoma, 303 Carson Engineering Center, 202 W. Boyd, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kara B De León
- Microbiology and Plant Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 716 George Lynn Cross Hall, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Alex W Walls
- Microbiology and Plant Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 716 George Lynn Cross Hall, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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10
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Agga GE, Kaiser R, Polk J, Allard M. Prevalence and whole-genome sequencing characterization of Salmonella in urban karst groundwater and predominantly groundwater-fed surface waters for serotypes and antimicrobial resistance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:691-705. [PMID: 36852718 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Karst aquifers provide a significant source of drinking water around the world; however, they are prone to bacterial contamination. We investigated the prevalence, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of Salmonella in urban karst groundwater and groundwater-fed surface waters. Weekly water samples (n = 443) were collected from nine groundwater sites and the Barren River in Bowling Green, KY. Additionally, cross-sectional samples were collected from 45 sites, including groundwaters and two rivers, in Tampa, FL. Salmonella was detected in 14.5% of Bowling Green samples resulting in 176 isolates representing 18 serotypes. Two (4.4%) of the Tampa samples were positive yielding eight isolates representing two serotypes. In Bowling Green, Salmonella prevalence varied by sampling site, week, month, and season, with the highest prevalence in surface water in the month of November and during summer. Salmonella Newport was the most common serotype detected. Nine of the serotypes detected in the study were among the top 20 serotypes commonly associated with human infections in the United States. Isolates were clustered with human clinical isolates, or isolates obtained from food animals, suggesting the importance of humans and agricultural practices as a source of water contamination. ARGs were detected in 12.5% (n = 176) of the Bowling Green isolates; overall, 81.8% (n = 22) of these were multidrug-resistant (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). Notably, the four Salmonella Agona isolates were resistant to four antimicrobial classes, mercury, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Seasonality and the widespread occurrence of Salmonella both in the groundwater and groundwater-fed surface waters is a potential risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun E Agga
- USDA-ARS, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Rachel Kaiser
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Jason Polk
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Marc Allard
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
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11
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Voinea IC, Alistar CF, Banciu A, Popescu RG, Voicu SN, Nita-Lazar M, Vasile GG, Gheorghe S, Croitoru AM, Dolete G, Mihaiescu DE, Ficai A, Popa M, Marutescu L, Pircalabioru GG, Craciun N, Avramescu S, Marinescu GC, Chifiriuc MC, Stan MS, Dinischiotu A. Snapshot of the pollution-driven metabolic and microbiota changes in Carassius gibelio from Bucharest leisure lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163810. [PMID: 37127150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, increased intakes of contaminants and the habitats' destruction have produced drastic changes in the aquatic ecosystems. The environmental contaminants can accumulate in aquatic organisms, leading to the disturbance of the antioxidant/prooxidant balance in fish. In this context, we evaluated the level of organic, inorganic and microbiological pollutants in four leisure lakes (Chitila, Floreasca, Tei and Vacaresti) from Bucharest, the largest city of Romania, in order to compare their effects on hepatopancreas and gills metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanisms in Carassius gibelio, the most known and widespread freshwater fish in this country. The lowest level of oxidative stress was recorded in the case of fish collected from the Vacaresti lake, a protected wetland area where aquatic organisms live in wild environmental conditions. In contrast, significant oxidative changes were observed in the hepatopancreas and gills of fish from the Chitila, Floreasca and Tei lakes, such as reduced glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione level, and increased degree of lipid peroxidation, being correlated with elevated levels of pesticides (such as 2,4'-methoxychlor) and Escherichia coli load in these organs. Although different patterns of pollutants' accumulation were observed, no important interindividual variations in cytosine methylation degree were determined. In conclusion, the presence and concentrations of metals, pesticides and antibiotics varied with the analyzed tissue and sampling site, and were correlated with changes in the cellular redox homeostasis, but without significantly affecting the epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela C Voinea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina F Alistar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Banciu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology (ECOIND), 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roua G Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina N Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Nita-Lazar
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology (ECOIND), 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Geanina Vasile
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology (ECOIND), 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefania Gheorghe
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology (ECOIND), 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexa-Maria Croitoru
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; National Centre for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania; National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Dolete
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; National Centre for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania; National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; National Centre for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania; National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; National Centre for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania; National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Marutescu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Craciun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Avramescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Soseaua Panduri, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; Research Center for Environmental Protection and Waste Management, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Catalin Marinescu
- Asociația Independent Research, 58 Timisului, 012416 Bucharest, Romania; Blue Screen SRL, 58 Timisului, 012416 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; The Romanian Academy, Calea Victoriei 25, District 1, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna S Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Gandhi J, Prakash H. Photo-disinfection Processes for Bacterial Inactivation and Underlying Principles for Water Constituents’ Impact: A Review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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13
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Dong J, Liu L, Chen L, Xiang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y. The Coexistence of Bacterial Species Restructures Biofilm Architecture and Increases Tolerance to Antimicrobial Agents. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0358122. [PMID: 36847543 PMCID: PMC10100793 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03581-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections caused by polymicrobial biofilms are often difficult to treat effectively, partially due to the elevated tolerance of polymicrobial biofilms to antimicrobial treatments. It is known that interspecific interactions influence polymicrobial biofilm formation. However, the underlying role of the coexistence of bacterial species in polymicrobial biofilm formation is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of the coexistence of Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enteritidis on triple-species biofilm formation. Our results demonstrated that the coexistence of these three species enhanced the biofilm biomass and led to restructuring of the biofilm into a tower-like architecture. Furthermore, the proportions of polysaccharides, proteins, and eDNAs in the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of the triple-species biofilm were significantly changed compared to those in the E. faecalis mono-species biofilm. Finally, we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of E. faecalis in response to coexistence with E. coli and S. enteritidis in the triple-species biofilm. The results suggested that E. faecalis established dominance and restructured the triple-species biofilm by enhancing nutrient transport and biosynthesis of amino acids, upregulating central carbon metabolism, manipulating the microenvironment through "biological weapons," and activating versatile stress response regulators. Together, the results of this pilot study reveal the nature of E. faecalis-harboring triple-species biofilms with a static biofilm model and provide novel insights for further understanding interspecies interactions and the clinical treatment of polymicrobial biofilms. IMPORTANCE Bacterial biofilms possess distinct community properties that affect various aspects of our daily lives. In particular, biofilms exhibit increased tolerance to chemical disinfectants, antimicrobial agents, and host immune responses. Multispecies biofilms are undoubtedly the dominant form of biofilms in nature. Thus, there is a pressing need for more research directed at delineating the nature of multispecies biofilms and the effects of the properties on the development and survival of the biofilm community. Here, we address the effects of the coexistence of Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis on triple-species biofilm formation with a static model. In combination with transcriptomic analyses, this pilot study explores the potential underlying mechanisms that lead to the dominance of E. faecalis in triple-species biofilms. Our findings provide novel insights into the nature of triple-species biofilms and indicate that the composition of multispecies biofilms should be a key consideration when determining antimicrobial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Luhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuqiang Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Youbao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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14
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Jeamsripong S, Thaotumpitak V, Anuntawirun S, Roongrojmongkhon N, Atwill ER, Hinthong W. Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. Isolated from Coastal Seawater for Aquaculture. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1688. [PMID: 36551345 PMCID: PMC9774326 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of waterborne antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in areas of high-density oyster cultivation is an ongoing environmental and public health threat given the popularity of shellfish consumption, water-related human recreation throughout coastal Thailand, and the geographical expansion of Thailand's shellfish industry. This study characterized the association of phenotypic and genotypic AMR, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence genes isolated from waterborne Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n = 84), Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) subsp. enterica (n = 12), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) (n = 249), and Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) (n = 39) from Thailand's coastal aquaculture regions. All Salmonella (100.0%) and half of V. cholerae (51.3%) isolates harbored their unique virulence gene, invA and ompW, respectively. The majority of isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli, ~25% of S. enterica subsp. enterica, and ~12% of V. cholerae, exhibited phenotypic AMR to multiple antimicrobials, with 8.9% of all coastal water isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Taken together, we recommend that coastal water quality surveillance programs include monitoring for bacterial AMR for food safety and recreational water exposure to water for Thailand's coastal water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Varangkana Thaotumpitak
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Saran Anuntawirun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nawaphorn Roongrojmongkhon
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Woranich Hinthong
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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15
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Damashek J, Westrich JR, McDonald JMB, Teachey ME, Jackson CR, Frye JG, Lipp EK, Capps KA, Ottesen EA. Non-point source fecal contamination from aging wastewater infrastructure is a primary driver of antibiotic resistance in surface waters. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118853. [PMID: 35870389 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to human health. Many surface water resources are environmental hotspots of antibiotic resistant gene (ARG) transfer, with agricultural runoff and human waste highlighted as common sources of ARGs to aquatic systems. Here we quantified fecal marker genes and ARGs in 992 stream water samples collected seasonally during a 5-year period from 115 sites across the Upper Oconee watershed (Georgia, USA), an area characterized by gradients of agricultural and urban development. Widespread fecal contamination was found from humans (48% of samples), ruminants (55%), and poultry (19%), and 73% of samples tested positive for at least one of the six targeted ARGs (ermB, tet(B), blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC, blaSHV, and qnrS). While ARGs were strongly correlated with human fecal markers, many highly contaminated samples were not associated with sewage outfalls, an expected source of fecal and ARG pollution. To determine sources of contamination, we synthesized ARG and fecal marker data with geospatial data on land use/land cover and wastewater infrastructure across the watershed. This novel analysis found strong correlations between ARGs and measures of sewer density, sewer length, and septic system age within sample watersheds, indicating non-point sources of fecal contamination from aging wastewater infrastructure can be critical disseminators of anthropogenic ARGs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Damashek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jason R Westrich
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jacob M Bateman McDonald
- Lewis F. Rogers Institute for Environmental and Spatial Analysis, University of North Georgia, 2636 Mathis Drive, Oakwood, GA 30566, USA
| | - Morgan E Teachey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Charlene R Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Jonathan G Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Erin K Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, 150 East Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Krista A Capps
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 East Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, SRS Building 737A, Aiken, SC 29808, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ottesen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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16
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Toro M, Weller D, Ramos R, Diaz L, Alvarez FP, Reyes-Jara A, Moreno-Switt AI, Meng J, Adell AD. Environmental and anthropogenic factors associated with the likelihood of detecting Salmonella in agricultural watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119298. [PMID: 35430308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface water is one of the primary sources of irrigation water for produce production; therefore, its contamination by foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella, may substantially impact public health. In this study, we determined the presence of Salmonella in surface water and characterized the relationship between Salmonella detection and environmental and anthropogenic factors. From April 2019 to February 2020, 120 samples from 30 sites were collected monthly in four watersheds located in two different central Chile agricultural regions (N = 1080). Water samples from rivers, canals, streams, and ponds linked to each watershed were obtained. Surface water (10 L) was filtrated in situ, and samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella. Salmonella was detected every month in all watersheds, with a mean detection percentage of 28% (0%-90%) across sampling sites, regardless of the season. Overall, similar detection percentages were observed for both regions: 29.1% for Metropolitan and 27.0% for Maule. Salmonella was most often detected in summer (39.8% of all summer samples tested positive) and least often in winter (14.4% of winter samples). Random forest analysis showed that season, water source, and month, followed by latitude and river, were the most influential factors associated with Salmonella detection. The influences of water pH and temperature (categorized as environmental factors) and factors associated with human activity (categorized as anthropogenic factors) registered at the sampling site were weakly or not associated with Salmonella detection. In conclusion, Salmonella was detected in surface water potentially used for irrigation, and its presence was linked to season and water source factors. Interventions are necessary to prevent contamination of produce, such as water treatment before irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Toro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Daniel Weller
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Romina Ramos
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonela Diaz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisca P Alvarez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelica Reyes-Jara
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrea I Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Joint Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety/Center for Food Safety & Security Systems, And Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Aiko D Adell
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Agga GE, Silva PJ, Martin RS. Tetracycline- and Macrolide-Resistant Enterococcus Species Isolated from a Mink Farm in the United States. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:734-743. [PMID: 35575717 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus species are a normal flora of animals and humans. However, life-threatening opportunistic infections can be caused by antimicrobial resistant strains. Fecal (n = 42) and feed (n = 8) samples were obtained from a mink farm and cultured for the enumeration and detection of erythromycin-resistant (a macrolide; ERYr)- and tetracycline-resistant (TETr) enterococci. ERYr and TETr enterococci were detected from all fecal (mean concentrations = 6 and 7 logs, respectively) and feed (mean concentrations = 5 and 4 logs, respectively) samples. While Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were detected at equal proportions among the fecal TETr isolates, E. faecium predominated among ERYr fecal isolates. All ERYr and 90% of the TETr isolates (n = 50) were multidrug resistant (resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes). Among ERYr isolates, while 83% of E. faecalis (n = 12) were positive for erm(B), 58% of E. faecium (n = 38) isolates were positive for msr(C). Among ERYr isolates, tet(M) was detected from 92% of E. faecalis (n = 12) and 97% of E. faecium (n = 38) isolates. Conversely, however, erm(B) was detected in 18% of E. faecalis (n = 22) and 33% of E. faecium (n = 27) TETr isolates. Our study provides a baseline for future efforts to reduce antimicrobial resistance and improve antimicrobial stewardship in commercial mink production facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip J Silva
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Randal S Martin
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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18
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Silva V, Ferreira E, Manageiro V, Reis L, Tejedor-Junco MT, Sampaio A, Capelo JL, Caniça M, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Distribution and Clonal Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus and Other Staphylococci in Surface Waters: Detection of ST425-t742 and ST130-t843 mecC-Positive MRSA Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111416. [PMID: 34827354 PMCID: PMC8614751 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural aquatic environments represent one of the most important vehicles of bacterial dissemination. Therefore, we aimed to isolate staphylococci from surface waters and to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors as well as the genetic lineages of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Staphylococci were recovered from water samples collected from 78 surface waters, including rivers, streams, irrigation ditches, dams, lakes, and fountains. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was investigated by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing and spa-typing were performed in all S. aureus isolates. From the 78 water samples, 33 S. aureus, one S. pseudintermedius, and 51 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were identified. Among the S. aureus isolates, four MRSA were identified, and all harbored the mecC gene. Fourteen S. aureus were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested and the remaining showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and/or tetracycline encoded by the blaZ, ermT, msr(A/B), tetL, and vgaA genes. Regarding the clonal lineages, one mecC-MRSA isolate belonged to spa-type t843 and sequence type (ST) 130 and the other three to t742 and ST425. The remaining S. aureus were ascribed 14 spa-types and 17 sequence types. Eleven species of CoNS were isolated: S. sciuri, S. lentus, S. xylosus, S. epidermidis, S. cohnii spp. urealyticus, S. vitulinus, S. caprae, S. carnosus spp. Carnosus, S. equorum, S. simulans, and S. succinus. Thirteen CoNS isolates had a multidrug resistance profile and carried the following genes: mecA, msr(A/B), mph(C), aph(3′)-IIIa, aac(6′)-Ie–aph(2′’)-Ia, dfrA, fusB, catpC221, and tetK. A high diversity of staphylococci was isolated from surface waters including mecCMRSA strains and isolates presenting multidrug-resistance profiles. Studies on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci in surface waters are still very scarce but extremely important to estimate the contribution of the aquatic environment in the spread of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2825-466 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Ferreira
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (V.M.); (L.R.); (M.C.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (V.M.); (L.R.); (M.C.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Lígia Reis
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (V.M.); (L.R.); (M.C.)
| | - María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ana Sampaio
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Luis Capelo
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2825-466 Almada, Portugal;
- Proteomass Scientific Society, 2825-466 Setubal, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (V.M.); (L.R.); (M.C.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2825-466 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2825-466 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259350466
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Terzić-Vidojević A, Veljović K, Popović N, Tolinački M, Golić N. Enterococci from Raw-Milk Cheeses: Current Knowledge on Safety, Technological, and Probiotic Concerns. Foods 2021; 10:2753. [PMID: 34829034 PMCID: PMC8624194 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is focused on the safety, technological characteristics, and probiotic evaluation of Enterococcus species from different artisanal raw milk dairy products, mainly cheeses with ripening. Apart from proteolytic and lipolytic activities, most enterococci show the ability to metabolize citrate and convert it to various aromatic compounds. Long-ripened cheeses therefore have a specific flavor that makes them different from cheeses produced from thermally treated milk with commercial starter cultures. In addition, enterococci are producers of bacteriocins effective against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, so they can be used as food preservatives. However, the use of enterococci in the dairy industry should be approached with caution. Although originating from food, enterococci strains may carry various virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes and can have many adverse effects on human health. Still, despite their controversial status, the use of enterococci in the food industry is not strictly regulated since the existence of these so-called desirable and undesirable traits in enterococci is a strain-dependent characteristic. To be specific, the results of many studies showed that there are some enterococci strains that are safe for use as starter cultures or as probiotics since they do not carry virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. These strains even exhibit strong health-promoting effects such as stimulation of the immune response, anti-inflammatory activity, hypocholesterolemic action, and usefulness in prevention/treatment of some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarela Terzić-Vidojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.V.); (N.P.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
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20
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Fazli NA, Hanifian S. Biodiversity, antibiotic resistance and virulence traits of Enterococcus species in artisanal dairy products. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Prevalence of invA Gene of Salmonella spp. in Fish and Fishery Resources from Manila Bay Aquaculture Farms Using Real-Time PCR. Appl Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol1030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Manila Bay contributes significantly to the Philippines’ economy through industry, trade, tourism, and agriculture. However, microbiological contamination in the bay is putting it at risk in the present. Pathogen contamination of the water poses a serious threat to food safety, implicating public health. To address these concerns, the present study examined the prevalence of Salmonella in six different aquaculture commodities, Perna viridis (mussel), Crassostrea iridalei (oyster), Scylla serrata (crab), Penaeus spp. (shrimp), Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), and Chanos chanos (milkfish), as well as in environmental water from growing areas. A tandem approach of culture-based and real-time PCR methods for the isolation and identification of Salmonella was carried out. To accurately identify the isolates, a real-time PCR Taqman assay based on the invA gene was used. Among the fishery resources examined, no positive samples were observed from C. chanos and O. niloticus. In addition, Salmonella was found in twenty (20) samples, representing 16.26% of all aquaculture commodities collected. Furthermore, Salmonella was found in 13.58% of the 81 environmental water samples examined. P. viridis had the highest prevalence of 55.55% out of 18 samples examined. Samples contaminated with Salmonella failed to meet the regulatory limits set by BFAR FAO 210 series 2001 and EC No. 2073/2005. In addition, it was observed that the sample matrix had a significant impact on the presence of Salmonella (p < 0.05). However, the spatial and temporal distribution of Salmonella did not vary greatly (p > 0.05). This study underscores the importance of imposing strict policies by regulatory bodies to prevent diseases, thus avoiding severe health implications.
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22
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Hu Y, Jin L, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Yao S, Zhou W, Lin K, Cui C. Annual trends and health risks of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in a drinking water source in East China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148152. [PMID: 34118673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The extensive pollution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water has aroused worldwide concern. Successive monitoring of these pollutants has noteworthy significance for drinking water safety. Accordingly, this study conducted successive monitoring of antibiotics and ARGs from 2015 to 2017 in a drinking water source in East China. The total antibiotic concentration ranged from 19.68 ng/L to 497.00 ng/L, and decreased slightly from 2015 to 2017. Eighteen out of forty-one ARG subtypes showing resistance to six antibiotic classes and one class I integrase gene intI1, were detected in the drinking water source at concentrations ranging from 6.5 × 104 copies/mL to 1.6 × 106 copies/mL. Importantly, the total ARG concentration increased on an annual basis from 2015 to 2017 with an average annual increment of 0.25 orders of magnitude, which was mainly attributed to the increase in specific ARG subtypes, such as sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, qnrB, and ermB. Most ARGs was positively correlated with the intI1 genes (r = 0.47-0.55, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the variation of antibiotics and ARGs appeared to be related to the water indices, particularly of the values of COD, BOD5, NO2-N (P < 0.05). This study provides basic data on antibiotic and ARG pollution in the studied drinking water source. Importantly, the findings expound that although the residual antibiotics in this drinking water source decreased slightly from 2015 to 2017, while its biological effect, the antibiotic resistance, increased annually, which give a warning of the antibiotic resistance pollution in the drinking water source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Jin
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Pudong New Area Hydrology and Water Sources Administration Shanghai, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Shijie Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Changzheng Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Agga GE, Silva PJ, Martin RS. Prevalence, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella from Mink Feces and Feed in the United States. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 19:45-55. [PMID: 34520249 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses, and concentrated animal production such as commercial mink farming can be a reservoir. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, serotypes, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and mobile genetic elements, and phylogenetic characterization of Salmonella from mink fecal (n = 42) and feed (n = 8) samples at a commercial mink farm in the United States. Salmonella was detected from 11 (26.2%) fecal and 1 (12.5%) feed samples. Twelve fecal isolates obtained from the positive samples were identified into four serotypes: Salmonella Uganda (eight isolates; two isolates were obtained from one sample), Salmonella Reading (two isolates), Salmonella Heidelberg (one isolate), and Salmonella Orion (one isolate). Two isolates from the positive feed sample were identified as Salmonella Cerro. Twelve isolates, one isolate per positive sample, were whole genome sequenced for further characterization. The two Salmonella Reading isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) with the classical ASSuT (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline) phenotype. Genotypically, the isolates were correspondingly positive, both by polymerase chain reaction and by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), for blaTEM-1, aph(3″)-Ib and aph(6)-Id, sul2, and tet(A). WGS additionally identified trimethoprim resistance gene dfrA8 in Salmonella Reading, and fosfomycin resistance gene fosA7 in Salmonella Heidelberg. All isolates carried Salmonella-specific multidrug resistance (mdsA/B), gold resistance, and intimin-like virulence genes. In addition, Salmonella Orion carried copper and silver resistance gene clusters. The two Salmonella Reading isolates also carried a cytolethal distension toxin (cdtB) gene. Salmonella Reading isolates belonged to ST412, a predominant sequence type among turkey and human isolates obtained in relation to recent salmonellosis outbreaks in North America. Phylogenetically, Salmonella Uganda, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Salmonella Reading were mostly associated with historic human/clinical, and poultry and swine source isolates. This study indicates that mink production can be a reservoir for foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella with MDR serovars commonly associated with human illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip J Silva
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Randal S Martin
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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Dungan RS, Bjorneberg DL. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli and Enterococcal Isolates From Irrigation Return Flows in a High-Desert Watershed. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:660697. [PMID: 34054760 PMCID: PMC8149595 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.660697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrigation return flows (IRFs) collect surface runoff and subsurface drainage, causing them to have elevated contaminant and bacterial levels, and making them a potential source of pollutants. The purpose of this study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility among Escherichia coli and enterococcal isolates that were collected from IRFs in a south-central Idaho watershed. Environmental isolates can be a potentially important source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IRFs may be one way resistance genes are transported out of agroecosystems. Water samples were collected from nine IRFs and one background site (canal water from Snake River) on a biweekly basis during 2018. Escherichia coli and enterococci were enumerated via a most probable number (MPN) technique, then subsamples were plated on selective media to obtain isolates. Isolates of E. coli (187) or enterococci (185) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Sensititre broth microdilution plates. For E. coli, 13% (25/187) of isolates were resistant to tetracycline, with fewer numbers being resistant to 13 other antimicrobials, with none resistant to gentamicin. While 75% (141/187) of the E. coli isolates were pan-susceptible, 12 multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns with 17 isolates exhibiting resistance to up to seven drug classes (10 antimicrobials). For the enterococcal species, only 9% (16/185) of isolates were pan-susceptible and the single highest resistance was to lincomycin (138/185; 75%) followed by nitrofurantoin (56/185; 30%) and quinupristin/dalfopristin (34/185; 18%). In addition, 13 enterococcal isolates belonging to Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, and Enterococcus thailandicus, were determined to be MDR to up to six different antimicrobial drug classes. None of the enterococcal isolates were resistant to gentamycin, linezolid, tigecycline, and vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Dungan
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kimberly, ID, United States
| | - David L Bjorneberg
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kimberly, ID, United States
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Agga GE, Silva PJ, Martin RS. Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria from Mink Feces and Feed in the United States. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:497-505. [PMID: 33978469 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases are increasing worldwide. Bacteria resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and last resort carbapenems have been reported from food animals and their environments. Other concentrated nonfood-producing animals such as mink farming can be a reservoir of bacteria resistant to these critically important antibiotics. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and carbapenem-resistant (CR) bacteria from mink fecal (n = 42) and feed (n = 8) samples obtained from a commercial mink farm in the United States. The most prevalent ESBL-producing bacteria identified from the fecal samples were Escherichia coli (93%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (76%), and Proteus species (88%). E. coli (100%) and K. pneumoniae (75%) were also the most prevalent ESBL-producing bacteria identified from feed samples. All ESBL E. coli isolates were resistant to penicillin and most cephem beta-lactam antibiotics. Among the ESBL E. coli isolates, co-resistance was observed to ciprofloxacin (33%) and gentamicin (28%) indicating multidrug resistance. ESBL E. coli isolates predominantly carried blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 genes. Although all feed K. pneumoniae isolates carried blaCTX-M-9, all fecal K. pneumoniae isolates carried blaSHV. CR Pseudomonas species (7%), Hafnia alvei (24%), and Myroides odoratimimus (9.5%) were detected from fecal samples. H. alvei (37.5%) was the only CR bacteria detected from the feed samples. All CR isolates were polymerase chain reaction negative for the tested carbapenemases that are commonly reported, which may indicate intrinsic rather than acquired resistance. This study indicates that mink production can be a reservoir for bacteria resistant to the highest priority critically important antibiotics for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip J Silva
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Randal S Martin
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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Kubera Ł. Spread Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance in Faecal Indicator Bacteria Contaminating an Urbanized Section of the Brda River. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:592-600. [PMID: 33099661 PMCID: PMC7982388 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the spatio-temporal distribution of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in the river section subject to anthropogenic stress and describes spread patterns of antibiotic resistance in the studied bacterial groups. The analysis involved 58 strains of Escherichia coli and 61 strains of enterococci. Antibiotic resistance profiles were prepared in accordance with the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The results indicated a correlation between the location of a sampling site and the concentration of faecal bacteria. The highest average concentrations were recorded at the site located in the city centre, where the river is used mainly for recreation. Antibiotic resistance profiles showed that Escherichia coli had 100% sensitivity to tigecycline, levofloxacin and imipenem. The highest percentaage of strains (17%) were resistant to piperacillin. Enterococci were 100% sensitive to levofloxacin. No strains were vancomycin-resistant (VRE). The highest percentage of strains was resistant to imipenem (23%), and the lowest, to ampicillin (2%). The spatio-temporal distribution of antibiotic-resistant strains (ARS) indicated a high concentration of drug-resistant Escherichia coli (47%) in the summer season at the sampling site located in the last part of the river. At the same time, drug resistance in enterococci increased along the river course and was considerably higher in spring. There were no significant relationships between physico-chemical parameters of water and the levels of faecal bacteria. On the other hand, strong relationships were observed between the percentage of strains showing resistance to the applied antibiotics and physico-chemical and biological parameters of water. The percentage of antibiotic resistant strains of Escherichia coli was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen concentration (r = - 0.9; p < 0.001) and BOD5 (r = - 0.85; p < 0.05). The percentage of antibiotic resistant strains of enterococci was most strongly correlated with water pH (r = - 0.92; p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kubera
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 10, 85-090, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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27
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Clairmont LK, Coristine A, Stevens KJ, Slawson RM. Factors influencing the persistence of enteropathogenic bacteria in wetland habitats and implications for water quality. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:513-526. [PMID: 33274572 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To better understand the persistence dynamics of enteropathogenic bacteria in freshwater wetland habitats, we constructed lab-scale mesocosms planted with two different wetland plant species using a subsurface flow wetland design. Mesocosms were treated with either a high-quality or a poor-quality water source to examine the effects of water quality exposure and plant species on Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus spp. in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere and water of wetland habitats. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantities of study micro-organisms were detected using real-time PCR in wetland mesocosms. A combination of molecular and culture-based methods was also used to enumerate these organisms from surface water and plant material at high, medium and poor water quality sites in the field. We found that all three enteropathogenic micro-organisms were influenced by microhabitat type and plant species. Organisms differed with respect to their predominant microhabitat and the extent of persistence associated with wetland plant species in the mesocosm study. Of the monitored pathogens, only E. coli was influenced by both water quality treatment and plant species. Salmonella spp. quantities in the rhizoplane consistently increased in all treatments over the course of the mesocosm experiment. CONCLUSIONS Plant species selection appears to be an overlooked aspect of constructed wetland design with respect to the removal of enteropathogenic micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus concentrations in wetland outflow were significantly different between the two plant species tested, with Enterococcus concentrations being significantly higher in mesocosms planted with Phalaris arundinaceae and E. coli concentrations being higher in mesocosms planted with Veronica anagallis-aquatica. Furthermore, there is evidence that the rhizoplane is a significant reservoir for Salmonella spp. within wetland habitats. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first time that Salmonella spp. has been shown to proliferate under natural conditions within the rhizoplane. This will contribute to our understanding of wetland removal mechanisms for enteropathogenic bacteria. This study identifies the rhizoplane as a potentially important reservoir for human pathogenic micro-organisms and warrants additional study to establish whether this finding is applicable in non-wetland habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Coristine
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - K J Stevens
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - R M Slawson
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Impact of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Die-Off of E. coli and Intestinal Enterococci in Deer and Dairy Faeces: Implications for Landscape Contamination of Watercourses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17196999. [PMID: 32987924 PMCID: PMC7579438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17196999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Characterising faecal indicator organism (FIO) survival in the environment is important for informing land management and minimising public health risk to downstream water users. However, key gaps in knowledge include understanding how wildlife contribute to catchment-wide FIO sources and how FIO survival is affected by low environmental temperatures. The aim of this study was to quantify E. coli and intestinal enterococci die-off in dairy cow versus red deer faecal sources exposed to repeated freeze–thaw cycles under controlled laboratory conditions. Survival of FIOs in water exposed to freeze–thaw was also investigated to help interpret survival responses. Both E. coli and intestinal enterococci were capable of surviving sub-freezing conditions with the faeces from both animals able to sustain relatively high FIO concentrations, as indicated by modelling, and observations revealing persistence in excess of 11 days and in some cases confirmed beyond 22 days. Die-off responses of deer-derived FIOs in both faeces and water exposed to low temperatures provide much needed information to enable better accounting of the varied catchment sources of faecal pollution and results from this study help constrain the parameterisation of die-off coefficients to better inform more integrated modelling and decision-making for microbial water quality management.
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