1
|
Dini S, Oz F, Bekhit AEDA, Carne A, Agyei D. Production, characterization, and potential applications of lipopeptides in food systems: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13394. [PMID: 38925624 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lipopeptides are a class of lipid-peptide-conjugated compounds with differing structural features. This structural diversity is responsible for their diverse range of biological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Lipopeptides have been attracting the attention of food scientists due to their potential as food additives and preservatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of lipopeptides, their production, structural characteristics, and functional properties. First, the classes, chemical features, structure-activity relationships, and sources of lipopeptides are summarized. Then, the gene expression and biosynthesis of lipopeptides in microbial cell factories and strategies to optimize lipopeptide production are discussed. In addition, the main methods of purification and characterization of lipopeptides have been described. Finally, some biological activities of the lipopeptides, especially those relevant to food systems along with their mechanism of action, are critically examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salome Dini
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dini S, Bekhit AEDA, Roohinejad S, Vale JM, Agyei D. The Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Biosurfactants: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2544. [PMID: 38893420 PMCID: PMC11173842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Surfactants, also known as surface-active agents, have emerged as an important class of compounds with a wide range of applications. However, the use of chemical-derived surfactants must be restricted due to their potential adverse impact on the ecosystem and the health of human and other living organisms. In the past few years, there has been a growing inclination towards natural-derived alternatives, particularly microbial surfactants, as substitutes for synthetic or chemical-based counterparts. Microbial biosurfactants are abundantly found in bacterial species, predominantly Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. The chemical structures of biosurfactants involve the complexation of lipids with carbohydrates (glycolipoproteins and glycolipids), peptides (lipopeptides), and phosphates (phospholipids). Lipopeptides, in particular, have been the subject of extensive research due to their versatile properties, including emulsifying, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review provides an update on research progress in the classification of surfactants. Furthermore, it explores various bacterial biosurfactants and their functionalities, along with their advantages over synthetic surfactants. Finally, the potential applications of these biosurfactants in many industries and insights into future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salome Dini
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
| | - Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Research and Development Division, Zoom Essence Inc., 1131 Victory Place, Hebron, KY 41048, USA (J.M.V.)
| | - Jim M. Vale
- Research and Development Division, Zoom Essence Inc., 1131 Victory Place, Hebron, KY 41048, USA (J.M.V.)
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Treinen C, Claassen L, Hoffmann M, Lilge L, Henkel M, Hausmann R. Evaluation of an external foam column for in situ product removal in aerated surfactin production processes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1264787. [PMID: 38026897 PMCID: PMC10657896 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1264787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Bacillus fermentation processes, severe foam formation may occur in aerated bioreactor systems caused by surface-active lipopeptides. Although they represent interesting compounds for industrial biotechnology, their property of foaming excessively during aeration may pose challenges for bioproduction. One option to turn this obstacle into an advantage is to apply foam fractionation and thus realize in situ product removal as an initial downstream step. Here we present and evaluate a method for integrated foam fractionation. A special feature of this setup is the external foam column that operates separately in terms of, e.g., aeration rates from the bioreactor system and allows recycling of cells and media. This provides additional control points in contrast to an internal foam column or a foam trap. To demonstrate the applicability of this method, the foam column was exemplarily operated during an aerated batch process using the surfactin-producing Bacillus subtilis strain JABs24. It was also investigated how the presence of lipopeptides and bacterial cells affected functionality. As expected, the major foam formation resulted in fermentation difficulties during aerated processes, partially resulting in reactor overflow. However, an overall robust performance of the foam fractionation could be demonstrated. A maximum surfactin concentration of 7.7 g/L in the foamate and enrichments of up to 4 were achieved. It was further observed that high lipopeptide enrichments were associated with low sampling flow rates of the foamate. This relation could be influenced by changing the operating parameters of the foam column. With the methodology presented here, an enrichment of biosurfactants with simultaneous retention of the production cells was possible. Since both process aeration and foam fractionation can be individually controlled and designed, this method offers the prospect of being transferred beyond aerated batch processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Treinen
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Linda Claassen
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mareen Hoffmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Cellular Agriculture, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akintayo SO, Neumann B, Fischer M, Henkel M, Lilge L, Hausmann R. Lysinibacillus irui sp. nov., isolated from Iru, fermented African locust beans. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37943169 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming strain designated IRB4-01T was isolated from fermented African locust beans (Iru) obtained from Bodija market in the city of Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, during a screening process from food-related sources. IRB4-01T grew at 10-50 °C (optimum, 35-37 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum, pH 7) and in 0-6 % NaCl (optimum, 1-3 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and combined short- and long-read genome sequencing revealed that IRB4-01T is closely related to Lysinibacillus cavernae SYSU K30005T and Lysinibacillus boronitolerans 10aT. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α (Lys-Asp), containing the diagnostic diamino acid lysine. The major polar lipids in strain IRB4-01T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phospholipid, while the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. Genomic DNA G+C content was 37.4 mol%, while the digital DNA-DNA hybridization revealed 33.6 and 32.3 % relatedness to L. cavernae SYSU K30005T and L. boronitolerans 10aT, respectively. Based on phenotypic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genome comparisons, strain IRB4-01T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus irui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IRB4-01T (NCIMB 15452T=LMG 32887T). Hybrid genome data are provided on the NCBI database using the Bioproject number PRJNA906010 and accession numbers CP113527 and CP113528. Additionally, a representative 16S rRNA sequence is available with the GenBank accession number OQ566940.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Olusanmi Akintayo
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bernd Neumann
- Institute for Hospital Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Martin Fischer
- FG13 Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, D-38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Cellular Agriculture, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahman L, Sarwar Y, Khaliq S, Inayatullah, Abbas W, Mobeen A, Ullah A, Hussain SZ, Khan WS, Kyriazi ME, Hussain I, Kanaras AG, Rehman A. Surfactin-Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43321-43331. [PMID: 37668507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is an alarming global health concern and has stimulated the development of novel functional nanomaterials to combat multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the synthesis and application of surfactin-coated silver nanoparticles as an efficient antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against the drug-resistant bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa for safe dermal applications. Our in vivo studies showed no significant superficial dermal irritation, edema, and erythema, while microscopic analysis revealed that surfactin-coated silver nanoparticles caused no pathological alterations at the applied concentrations. These results support the potential use of surfactin-coated silver nanoparticles against drug-resistant bacterial biofilm infections and in skin wound dressing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutfur Rahman
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yasra Sarwar
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Khaliq
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Inayatullah
- Department of Anatomy, Saidu Medical and Dental College, Saidu Sharif 19130, Mingora, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Abbas
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameena Mobeen
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ata Ullah
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt 54792, Pakistan
| | - Waheed S Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maria-Eleni Kyriazi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, 15453 Egaila, Kuwait
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt 54792, Pakistan
| | - Antonios G Kanaras
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Rehman
- National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering College Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akintayo SO, Hosseini B, Vahidinasab M, Messmer M, Pfannstiel J, Bertsche U, Hubel P, Henkel M, Hausmann R, Voegele RT, Lilge L. Characterization ofantifungal properties of lipopeptide-producing Bacillus velezensis strains and their proteome-based response to the phytopathogens, Diaporthe spp. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1228386. [PMID: 37609113 PMCID: PMC10440741 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1228386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: B. velezensis strains are of interest in agricultural applications due to their beneficial interactions with plants, notable through their antimicrobial activity. The biocontrol ability of two new lipopeptides-producing B. velezensis strains ES1-02 and EFSO2-04, against fungal phytopathogens of Diaporthe spp., was evaluated and compared with reference strains QST713 and FZB42. All strains were found to be effective against the plant pathogens, with the new strains showing comparable antifungal activity to QST713 and slightly lower activity than FZB42. Methods: Lipopeptides and their isoforms were identified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and mass spectrometric measurements. The associated antifungal influences were determined in direct in vitro antagonistic dual culture assays, and the inhibitory growth effects on Diaporthe spp. as representatives of phytopathogenic fungi were determined. The effects on bacterial physiology of selected B. velezensis strains were analyzed by mass spectrometric proteomic analyses using nano-LC-MS/MS. Results and Discussion: Lipopeptide production analysis revealed that all strains produced surfactin, and one lipopeptide of the iturin family, including bacillomycin L by ES1-02 and EFSO2-04, while QST713 and FZB42 produced iturin A and bacillomycin D, respectively. Fengycin production was however only detected in the reference strains. As a result of co-incubation of strain ES1-02 with the antagonistic phytopathogen D. longicolla, an increase in surfactin production of up to 10-fold was observed, making stress induction due to competitors an attractive strategy for surfactin bioproduction. An associated global proteome analysis showed a more detailed overview about the adaptation and response mechanisms of B. velezensis, including an increased abundance of proteins associated with the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, higher abundance was determined for proteins associated with oxidative, nitrosative, and general stress response. In contrast, proteins involved in phosphate uptake, amino acid transport, and translation were decreased in abundance. Altogether, this study provides new insights into the physiological adaptation of lipopeptide-producing B. velezensis strains, which show the potential for use as biocontrol agents with respect to phytopathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Olusanmi Akintayo
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Behnoush Hosseini
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maliheh Vahidinasab
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marc Messmer
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ute Bertsche
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Hubel
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Cellular Agriculture, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf T. Voegele
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moldes AB, Álvarez-Chaver P, Vecino X, Cruz JM. Purification of lipopeptide biosurfactant extracts obtained from a complex residual food stream using Tricine-SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1199103. [PMID: 37346790 PMCID: PMC10280073 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1199103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protocols to identify lipopeptide biosurfactant extracts contained in complex residual streams are very important, as fermented agri-food matrices are potential sources of these valuable compounds. For instance, corn steep liquor (CSL), a secondary stream of the corn wet-milling industry, is composed of a mixture of microbial metabolites, produced during the corn steeping process, and other natural metabolites released from corn, that can interfere with the purification and analysis of lipopeptides. Electrophoresis could be an interesting technique for the purification and further characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactant extracts contained in secondary residual streams like CSL, but there is little existing literature about it. It is necessary to consider that lipopeptide biosurfactants, like Surfactin, usually are substances that are poorly soluble in water at acidic or neutral pH, forming micelles what can inhibit their separation by electrophoresis. In this work, two lipopeptide biosurfactant extracts obtained directly from CSL, after liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform or ethyl acetate, were purified by applying a second liquid extraction with ethanol. Following that, ethanolic biosurfactant extracts were subjected to electrophoresis under different conditions. Lipopeptides on Tricine-SDS-PAGE (polyacrylamide gels) were better visualized and identified by fluorescence using SYPRO Ruby dye than using Coomassie blue dye. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of lipopeptide isoforms separated by electrophoresis revealed the presence of masses at 1,044, 1,058, and 1,074 m/z, concluding that Tricine-SDS-PAGE electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF-MS could be a useful tool for purifying and identifying lipopeptides in complex matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Moldes
- CINTECX (Research Center in Technologies, Energy and Industrial Processes), Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - P. Álvarez-Chaver
- CACTI (Centro de Apoyo Científico y Tecnológico a la Investigación), Structural Determination and Proteomics Service, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - X. Vecino
- CINTECX (Research Center in Technologies, Energy and Industrial Processes), Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - J. M. Cruz
- CINTECX (Research Center in Technologies, Energy and Industrial Processes), Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chauhan V, Dhiman VK, Kanwar SS. Purification and characterization of a novel bacterial Lipopeptide(s) biosurfactant and determining its antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|