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Zhang Q, Guo J, Shi C, Zhang D, Wang Y, Wang L, Gong Z. The SIRT2-AMPK axis regulates autophagy induced by acute liver failure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16278. [PMID: 39009648 PMCID: PMC11251177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the role of SIRT2 in regulating autophagy and its interaction with AMPK in the context of acute liver failure (ALF). This study investigated the effects of SIRT2 and AMPK on autophagy in ALF mice and TAA-induced AML12 cells. The results revealed that the liver tissue in ALF model group had a lot of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocytes necrosis, which were reduced by SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2. In comparison to normal group, the level of SIRT2, P62, MDA, TOS in TAA group were significantly increased, which were decreased in AGK2 treatment. Compared with normal group, the expression of P-PRKAA1, Becilin1 and LC3B-II was decreased in TAA group. However, AGK2 enhanced the expression of P-PRKAA1, Becilin1 and LC3B-II in model group. Overexpression of SIRT2 in AML12 cell resulted in decreased P-PRKAA1, Becilin1 and LC3B-II level, enhanced the level of SIRT2, P62, MDA, TOS. Overexpression of PRKAA1 in AML12 cell resulted in decreased SIRT2, TOS and MDA level and triggered more autophagy. In conclusion, the data suggested the link between AMPK and SIRT2, and reveals the important role of AMPK and SIRT2 in autophagy on acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chunxia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Danmei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Luwen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Zhang F, Pei S, Xiao M. Identification of functional genes in liver fibrosis based on bioinformatics analysis of a lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:56. [PMID: 38378545 PMCID: PMC10877760 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a major global healths problem; nevertheless, its molecular mechanism are not completely clear. This study aimed to build a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, identify potentially related lncRNAs, and explore the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the Gene Expression Omnibus databases and bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between liver fibrosis and normal tissues. The ceRNA network was constructed according to the interactions between DElncRNA, miRNA, and DEmRNA. Then, these DEGs were identified using functional enrichment analysis, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established. The critical lncRNAs were verified using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The ceRNA network was composed of three lncRNAs, five miRNAs, and 93 mRNAs. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enhancement in cell components, molecular function, and biological process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed pathways associated with transcriptional misregulation in cancer, including the Rap1 signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, mineral absorption, HTLV-l infection, and central carbon metabolism in cancer. According to the PPI network and the GSE84044 database, seven hub genes associated with liver fibrosis were identified. In addition, qRT-PCR revealed that lncRNA AC100861 (lncRNA TNFRSF10A-DT) was explicitly decreased in liver fibrosis tissues and activated hepatic stellate cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study preliminarily found that lncRNA TNFRSF10A-DT may be a biomarker for the diagnosis and outcome of liver fibrosis. We uncovered a novel lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Siya Pei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Department of Infection Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Hu C, Jiang N, Zheng J, Li C, Huang H, Li J, Li H, Gao Z, Yang N, Xi Q, Wang J, Liu Z, Rao K, Zhou H, Li T, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhao Y, He Y. Liver volume based prediction model for patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2022; 29:1253-1263. [PMID: 35029044 PMCID: PMC10078645 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a life-threatening disease with high short-term mortality. Early and accurate prognosis is significant for clinical decisions, in which liver volume (LV) imparts important information. However, LV has not been considered in current prognostic models for HBV-ACLF. METHODS Three hundred and twenty-three patients were recruited to the deriving cohort, while 163 were enrolled to validation cohort. The primary end-point was death within 28 days since admission. Estimated liver volume (ELV) was calculated by the formula based on healthy population. Logistic regression was used to develop a prediction model. Accuracy of models were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS The ratio of LV to ELV (LV/ELV%) was significantly lower in non-survivors, and LV/ELV% ≤82% indicated poor prognosis. LV/ELV%, Age, prothrombin time (PT), the grade of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), ln-transformed total bilirubin (lnTBil), and log-transformed HBV DNA (Log10 HBV DNA) were identified as independent predictors to develop an LV-based model, LEAP-HBV. The mean area under the ROC (AUC) of LEAP-HBV was 0.906 (95% CI, 0.904-0.908), higher than other non-LV-based models. CONCLUSION Liver volume was an independent predictor, and LEAP-HBV, a prediction model based on LV, was developed for the short-term mortality in HBV-ACLF. This study was registered on ClinicalTrails (NCT03977857).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Eighth Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Clinical Research Centre, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxia Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huihong Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang District, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan District, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijie Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Xi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang District, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong District, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kemeng Rao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong District, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heping Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang District, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianhui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuelang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine (SOM), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Luo L, Wang S, Chen B, Zhong M, Du R, Wei C, Huang F, Kou X, Xing Y, Tong G. Inhibition of inflammatory liver injury by the HMGB1-A box through HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB signaling in an acute liver failure mouse model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:990087. [PMID: 36313316 PMCID: PMC9614247 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-A box and the mechanism by which it alleviates inflammatory injury in acute liver failure (ALF) by inhibiting the extracellular release of HMGB1. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered LPS/D-GalN to establish an ALF mouse model. HMGB1-A box was administered (i.p.) 1 h before establishing the ALF mouse model. The levels of extracellularly released HMGB1, TLR-4/NF-κB signaling molecules, the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and COX-2 were measured in the liver tissue and/or serum by Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of extracellularly released HMGB1, TLR-4/NF-κB signaling molecules and proinflammatory cytokines were measured in Huh7 cells as well as LPS- and/or HMGB1-A box treatment by confocal microscopy, Western blotting and ELISA. In the ALF mouse model, the levels of HMGB1 were significantly increased both in the liver and serum, TLR-4/NF-κB signaling molecules and proinflammatory cytokines also was upregulated. Notably, HMGB1-A box could reverse these changes. HMGB1-A box could also cause these changes in LPS-induced Huh7 cells. HMGB1-A box played a protective role by inhibiting inflammatory liver injury via the regulation of HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB signaling in the LPS/D-GaIN-induced ALF mouse model, which may be related to inhibiting the extracellular release of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Luo
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lidan Luo, ; Yufeng Xing, ; Guangdong Tong,
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bohao Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruili Du
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - ChunShan Wei
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Furong Huang
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Xinhui Kou
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lidan Luo, ; Yufeng Xing, ; Guangdong Tong,
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
- *Correspondence: Lidan Luo, ; Yufeng Xing, ; Guangdong Tong,
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5
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Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles Application in Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Liver Diseases: Emphasizing on the Anti-Fibrotic and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865888. [PMID: 35464407 PMCID: PMC9021384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various factors, including viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune responses, diabetes, drugs, alcohol abuse, and fat deposition, can damage liver tissue and impair its function. These factors affect the liver tissue and lead to acute and chronic liver damage, and if left untreated, can eventually lead to cirrhosis, fibrosis, and liver carcinoma. The main treatment for these disorders is liver transplantation. Still, given the few tissue donors, problems with tissue rejection, immunosuppression caused by medications taken while receiving tissue, and the high cost of transplantation, liver transplantation have been limited. Therefore, finding alternative treatments that do not have the mentioned problems is significant. Cell therapy is one of the treatments that has received a lot of attention today. Hepatocytes and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are used in many patients to treat liver-related diseases. In the meantime, the use of mesenchymal stem cells has been studied more than other cells due to their favourable characteristics and has reduced the need for liver transplantation. These cells increase the regeneration and repair of liver tissue through various mechanisms, including migration to the site of liver injury, differentiation into liver cells, production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), secretion of various growth factors, and regulation of the immune system. Notably, cell therapy is not entirely excellent and has problems such as cell rejection, undesirable differentiation, accumulation in unwanted locations, and potential tumorigenesis. Therefore, the application of MSCs derived EVs, including exosomes, can help treat liver disease and prevent its progression. Exosomes can prevent apoptosis and induce proliferation by transferring different cargos to the target cell. In addition, these vesicles have been shown to transport hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and can promote the hepatocytes'(one of the most important cells in the liver parenchyma) growths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Jin L, Li J, Yang S, Zhang R, Hu C, Chen Y, Tian Z, Ma W, Feng Y, Liu N, Liu J, Yang Y, Chen T, Zhao Y, He Y, Yan T. MAPK p38/Ulk1 pathway inhibits autophagy and induces IL-1β expression in hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G360-G367. [PMID: 35018817 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00230.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the past, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were considered to be noninflammatory cells and to contribute to liver fibrosis by producing extracellular matrix. Recently, it was found that HSCs can also secrete cytokines and chemokines and therefore participate in hepatic inflammation. Autophagy participates in many immune response processes in immune cells. It is unclear whether autophagy is involved in inflammatory cytokine induction in HSCs. MAPK p38, Ulk1 phosphorylation, and the Ulk1-Atg13 complex were analyzed in HSC-T6 cells after LPS treatment. The relationship between autophagy inhibition and inflammation was investigated in primary rat HSCs. We discovered that LPS inhibited autophagy through MAPK p38. The activation of MAPK p38 induced Ulk1 phosphorylation, which disrupted the Ulk1-Atg13 complex and therefore inhibited autophagy. Furthermore, in primary rat HSCs, we demonstrated that autophagy inhibition regulated IL-1β induction, which depended on the MAPK p38/Ulk1 pathway. Our results reveal a continuous signaling pathway, MAPK p38-Ulk1 phosphorylation-Ulk1-Atg13 disruption, which inhibits autophagy and induces IL-1β expression in HSCs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY LPS inhibits autophagy in a concentration- and dose-dependent manner in HSC-T6 cells. MAPK p38 induces phosphorylation of Ulk1, which disrupts the Ulk1-Atg13 complex and is therefore required for the inhibition of autophagy by LPS. LPS induces IL-1β expression via the MAPK p38/Ulk1 pathway in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - ShuJuan Yang
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,The Eighth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rou Zhang
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - ChunHua Hu
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - WenQi Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - YaLi Feng
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - JinFeng Liu
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - TianYan Chen
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - YingRen Zhao
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - YingLi He
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - TaoTao Yan
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Alhusain A, Fadda L, Sarawi W, Alomar H, Ali H, Mahamad R, Hasan I, Badr A. The Potential Protective Effect of Curcumin and α-Lipoic Acid on N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide-induced Hepatotoxicity Through Downregulation of α-SMA and Collagen III Expression. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221078394. [PMID: 35250410 PMCID: PMC8891863 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221078394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (NHPA) is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent worldwide; however, it remains the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. This study explored the potential impact of curcumin (Curc) and/or α-lipoic acid (Lip acid) on liver damage induced by NHPA overdose. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats were intoxicated with a single oral dose of NHPA (1000 mg/kg) and treated with Curc (200 mg/kg p. o.) and/or Lip acid (100 mg/kg i. p.). These treatments were given in 2 doses at 2 hours and 10 hours post-NHPA-administration. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours post-NHPA-administration. Results Treatment with Curc and/or Lip acid showed effective reduction of NHPA-induced liver injury, demonstrated by reducing serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, as well as hepatic nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Curc and/or Lip acid treatments counteracted these changes. They also ameliorated NHPA-induced centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, evidenced by histopathological examination. Moreover, Curc and Lip acid reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen III, upregulated by NHPA intoxication in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Discussion and Conclusion Curc and Lip acid can be considered as promising natural therapies against liver injury, induced by NHPA, through their antioxidant and antifibrotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Alhusain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Ali
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Raeesa Mahamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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He Y, Wang F, Yao N, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Tian Z. Serum superoxide dismutase level is a potential biomarker of disease prognosis in patients with HEV-induced liver failure. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:14. [PMID: 35000581 PMCID: PMC8742945 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Viral hepatitis E clinically ranges from self-limiting hepatitis to lethal liver failure. Oxidative stress has been shown to mediate hepatic inflammation during HBV-induced liver failure. We investigated whether a biomarker of oxidative stress may be helpful in assessing severity and disease outcomes of patients with HEV-induced liver failure. Methods Clinical data were obtained from patients with HEV-induced acute viral hepatitis (AVH, n = 30), acute liver failure (ALF, n = 17), and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF, n = 36), as well as from healthy controls (HC, n = 30). The SOD and HMGB1 levels were measured in serum by ELISA. HL-7702 cells were cultured and stimulated by serum from HEV-infected patients or by HMGB1; oxidative status was investigated by CellROX and apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry. Results Patients with HEV-induced liver failure (including ALF and ACLF) showed increased SOD levels compared with HEV-AVH patients and healthy controls. SOD levels > 400 U/mL were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality in HEV-ALF and HEV-ACLF patients. Serum from HEV-infected patients led to ROS accumulation, HMGB1 secretion, and apoptosis in HL-7702 cells. Antioxidant treatment successfully inhibited HEV-induced HMGB1 secretion, and HMGB1 promoted apoptosis in HL-7702 cells. Conclusion HEV increased oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of HEV-induced hepatic diseases. Early testing of serum SOD may serve as a predictor of both HEV-ALF and HEV-ACLF outcomes. Moreover, development of strategies for modulating oxidative stress might be a potential target for treating HEV-induced liver failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan He
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Naijuan Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
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9
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Yang YR, Hu S, Bu FT, Li H, Huang C, Meng XM, Zhang L, Lv XW, Li J. Circular RNA CREBBP Suppresses Hepatic Fibrosis Via Targeting the hsa-miR-1291/LEFTY2 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:741151. [PMID: 34887753 PMCID: PMC8648568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.741151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs (circRNAs) are commonly dysregulated in a variety of human diseases and are involved in the development and progression of cancer. However, the role of circRNAs in hepatic fibrosis (HF) is still unclear. Our previous high throughput screen revealed changes in many circRNAs in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced HF. For example, circCREBBP was significantly down-regulated in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver tissue of HF mice induced by CCl4 compared to those in the vehicle group. Overexpression of circCREBBP with AAV8-circCREBBP in vivo prevented CCl4-induced HF worsening by reducing serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents, liver hydroxyproline levels, collagen deposition, and levels of pro-fibrosis genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, in vitro function loss and function gain analysis showed that circCREBBP inhibited HSCs activation and proliferation. Mechanically, circCREBBP acts as a sponge for hsa-miR-1291 and subsequently promotes LEFTY2 expression. In conclusion, our current results reveal a novel mechanism by which circCREBBP alleviates liver fibrosis by targeting the hsa-miR-1291/LEFTY2 axis, and also suggest that circCREBBP may be a potential biomarker for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang-Tian Bu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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10
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Jung YS, Kim YH, Radhakrishnan K, Kim J, Lee IK, Cho SJ, Kim DK, Dooley S, Lee CH, Choi HS. Orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ regulates hepatic TGF-β2 expression and fibrogenic response in CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3071-3084. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
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11
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Wang J, Yang L, You J, Wen D, Yang B, Jiang C. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Regulates the Biological Behavior of Oral Mucosal Fibroblasts by Inducing Cell Autophagy and Its Mechanism. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3405-3417. [PMID: 34305405 PMCID: PMC8297405 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s313910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on oral mucosal fibroblast autophagy and further elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PDGF-BB regulates the biological behavior of oral mucosal fibroblasts by inducing autophagy. Methods Primary oral mucosal fibroblasts were isolated and cultured by the tissue block and trypsin methods and identified by indirect immunofluorescence vimentin detection. We detected the autophagy marker Beclin-1 and fibrosis marker Col-I of the primary oral mucosal fibroblasts at different time points after stimulating the fibroblasts with different PDGF-BB concentrations by Western blotting and determined the best experimental concentration and stimulation time of PDGF-BB. Then, indirect immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect the effect of PDGF-BB on the expression of autophagy-related and fibrotic proteins before and after 3-methyladenine (3-MA) intervention. Additionally, the effect of 3-MA on the proliferation and migration of primary oral mucosal fibroblasts stimulated by PDGF-BB was detected by the MTT method and a scratch experiment. The effect of PDGF-BB on Beclin-1 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase class 3 (PI3KC3) interaction was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. Results The results demonstrated that PDGF-BB could induce autophagy of the oral mucosal fibroblasts, showing a certain time and dose correlation. It induced cell autophagy through Beclin-1 and PI3KC3 interaction to promote the proliferation, migration, conversion, and collagen synthesis of the fibroblasts. However, 3-MA inhibited the combination of Beclin-1 and PI3KC3 and weakened the fibroblasts' proliferation, migration, conversion, and collagen synthesis activities. Conclusion Overall, PDGF-BB induces autophagy through the Beclin-1 pathway to regulate the biological behavior of oral mucosal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialing You
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Dada Wen
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang S, Tang C, Zhao H, Shen P, Lin C, Zhu Y, Han D. Network Pharmacological Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Mechanisms of Action of Si-Ni-San Against Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656115. [PMID: 34276360 PMCID: PMC8281251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Si-Ni-San (SNS), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has potency against liver diseases, such as hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of action of SNS against liver fibrosis remain largely unclear. Methods: A carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse model was adopted for the first time to investigate the beneficial effects of SNS on liver fibrosis. The potential mechanisms of action of SNS were explored using the network pharmacology-based strategy and validated with the aid of diverse assays. Results: SNS treatment reduced collagen and ECM deposition, downregulated fibrosis-related factor (hyaluronic acid and laminin) contents in serum, maintained the morphological structure of liver tissue, and improved liver function in the liver fibrosis model. Based on network pharmacology results, apoptosis, inflammation and angiogenesis, together with the associated pathways (including VEGF, TNF, caspase, PPAR-γ and NF-κB), were identified as the mechanisms underlying the effects of SNS on liver fibrosis. Further in vivo experiments validated the significant mitigatory effects of SNS on inflammatory infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents (IFNγ, IL-1β and TGF-β1) in liver tissues of mice with liver fibrosis. SNS suppressed pathologic neovascularization as well as levels of VEGFR1, VEGF and VEGFR2 in liver tissues. SNS treatment additionally inhibited hepatic parenchyma cell apoptosis in liver tissues of mice with liver fibrosis and regulated apoptin expression while protecting L02 cells against apoptosis induced by TNF-α and Act D in vitro. Activation of hepatic stellate cells was suppressed and the balance between MMP13 and TIMP1 maintained in vitro by SNS. These activities may be associated with SNS-induced NF-κB suppression and PPAR-γ activation. Conclusion: SNS effectively impedes liver fibrosis progression through alleviating inflammation, ECM accumulation, aberrant angiogenesis and apoptosis of hepatic parenchymal cells along with inhibiting activation of hepatic stellate cells through effects on multiple targets and may thus serve as a novel therapeutic regimen for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiliang Shen
- School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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13
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Orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ regulates hepatic TGF-β2 expression and fibrogenic response in CCl 4-induced acute liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3071-3084. [PMID: 34191077 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury results from the complex interactions of various pathological processes. The TGF-β superfamily plays a crucial role in orchestrating fibrogenic response. In contrast to TGF-β1, a role of TGF-β2 in hepatic fibrogenic response has not been fully investigated. In this study, we showed that TGF-β2 gene expression and secretion are induced in the liver of CCl4 (1 ml/kg)-treated WT mice. Studies with hepatocyte specific ERRγ knockout mice or treatment with an ERRγ-specific inverse agonist, GSK5182 (40 mg/kg), indicated that CCl4-induced hepatic TGF-β2 production is ERRγ dependent. Moreover, IL6 was found as upstream signal to induce hepatic ERRγ and TGF-β2 gene expression in CCl4-mediated acute toxicity model. Over-expression of ERRγ was sufficient to induce hepatic TGF-β2 expression, whereas ERRγ depletion markedly reduces IL6-induced TGF-β2 gene expression and secretion in vitro and in vivo. Promoter assays showed that ERRγ directly binds to an ERR response element in the TGF-β2 promoter to induce TGF-β2 transcription. Finally, GSK5182 diminished CCl4-induced fibrogenic response through inhibition of ERRγ-mediated TGF-β2 production. Taken together, these results firstly demonstrate that ERRγ can regulate the TGF-β2-mediated fibrogenic response in a mouse model of CC14-induced acute liver injury.
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14
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Ni YA, Chen H, Nie H, Zheng B, Gong Q. HMGB1: An overview of its roles in the pathogenesis of liver disease. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:987-998. [PMID: 33784425 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0121-277r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant architectural chromosomal protein that has multiple biologic functions: gene transcription, DNA replication, DNA-damage repair, and cell signaling for inflammation. HMGB1 can be released passively by necrotic cells or secreted actively by activated immune cells into the extracellular milieu after injury. Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern to initiate the innate inflammatory response to infection and injury by communicating with neighboring cells through binding to specific cell-surface receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Numerous studies have suggested HMGB1 to act as a key protein mediating the pathogenesis of chronic and acute liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Here, we provide a detailed review that focuses on the role of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ao Ni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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15
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Liu Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Guo Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy are involved in adipocyte-induced fibrosis in hepatic stellate cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2527-2538. [PMID: 33638026 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, with the characterization of progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), is the common pathologic feature in the process of chronic liver disease. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which are activated and differentiate into proliferative and contractile myofibroblasts are recognized as the main drivers of fibrosis. Obesity-related adipocytokine dysregulation is known to accelerate liver fibrosis progression, but the direct fibrogenic effect of mature adipocytes on HSCs has been rarely reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the fibrogenic effect of adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells on hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. The results showed that incubating LX-2 cells with the supernatant of 3T3-L1 adipocytes triggered the expression of ECM related proteins, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type I collagen (CO-I), and activated TGF β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway in LX-2 cells. In addition, 3T3-L1 cells inhibited insulin sensitivity, activated endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy to promote the development of fibrosis. These results supported the notion that mature adipocytes can directly activate hepatic stellate cells, and the establishment of an in vitro model of adipocytes on HSCs provides an insight into screening of drugs for liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China. .,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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16
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Kouroumalis E, Voumvouraki A, Augoustaki A, Samonakis DN. Autophagy in liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:6-65. [PMID: 33584986 PMCID: PMC7856864 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the liver cell energy recycling system regulating a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. Damaged organelles, lipids and proteins are degraded in the lysosomes and their elements are re-used by the cell. Investigations on autophagy have led to the award of two Nobel Prizes and a health of important reports. In this review we describe the fundamental functions of autophagy in the liver including new data on the regulation of autophagy. Moreover we emphasize the fact that autophagy acts like a two edge sword in many occasions with the most prominent paradigm being its involvement in the initiation and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also focused to the implication of autophagy and its specialized forms of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. We analyzed autophagy not only in well studied diseases, like alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis but also in viral hepatitis, biliary diseases, autoimmune hepatitis and rare diseases including inherited metabolic diseases and also acetaminophene hepatotoxicity. We also stressed the different consequences that activation or impairment of autophagy may have in hepatocytes as opposed to Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells or hepatic stellate cells. Finally, we analyzed the limited clinical data compared to the extensive experimental evidence and the possible future therapeutic interventions based on autophagy manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Liver Research Laboratory, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Argryro Voumvouraki
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Augoustaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
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17
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Nutraceutical Properties of Polyphenols against Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113517. [PMID: 33203174 PMCID: PMC7697723 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current food tendencies, suboptimal dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle are spreading metabolic disorders worldwide. Consequently, the prevalence of liver pathologies is increasing, as it is the main metabolic organ in the body. Chronic liver diseases, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the main cause, have an alarming prevalence of around 25% worldwide. Otherwise, the consumption of certain drugs leads to an acute liver failure (ALF), with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) as its main cause, or alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although programs carried out by authorities are focused on improving dietary habits and lifestyle, the long-term compliance of the patient makes them difficult to follow. Thus, the supplementation with certain substances may represent a more easy-to-follow approach for patients. In this context, the consumption of polyphenol-rich food represents an attractive alternative as these compounds have been characterized to be effective in ameliorating liver pathologies. Despite of their structural diversity, certain similar characteristics allow to classify polyphenols in 5 groups: stilbenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and curcuminoids. Herein, we have identified the most relevant compounds in each group and characterized their main sources. By this, authorities should encourage the consumption of polyphenol-rich products, as most of them are available in quotidian life, which might reduce the socioeconomical burden of liver diseases.
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18
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Wu F, Ning L, Zhou R, Shen A. Screening and evaluation of key genes in contributing to pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis based on microarray data. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:43. [PMID: 32943114 PMCID: PMC7499914 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis (HF), which is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver, usually progresses to liver cirrhosis and then death. To screen differentially expressed (DE) long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs, explore their potential functions to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of HF. METHODS The microarray of GSE80601 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which is based on the GPL1355 platform. Screening for the differentially expressed LncRNAs and mRNAs was conducted between the control and model groups. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to analyze the biological functions and pathways of the DE mRNAs. Additionally, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was delineated. In addition, utilizing the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) package and Cytoscape software, we constructed lncRNA-mRNA weighted co-expression networks. RESULTS A total of 254 significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs and 472 mRNAs were identified. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that DE mRNAs regulated HF by participating in the GO terms of metabolic process, inflammatory response, response to wounding and oxidation-reduction. DE mRNAs were also significantly enriched in the pathways of ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion (FA), retinol metabolism and metabolic pathways. Moreover, 24 lncRNAs associated with 40 differentially expressed genes were observed in the modules of lncRNA-mRNA weighted co-expression network. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed crucial information on the molecular mechanisms of HF and laid a foundation for subsequent genes validation and functional studies, which could contribute to the development of novel diagnostic markers and provide new therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Ning
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Aizong Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Chinese Medicine Jiedu Huayu Granules Reduce Liver Injury in Rats by Regulating T-Cell Immunity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1873541. [PMID: 31885638 PMCID: PMC6900944 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1873541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury, one of the causes of liver failure, is mainly due to T-cell-mediated immunity. Traditional Chinese medicine Jiedu Huayu granules are often used to suppress liver damage and improve liver function. The specific regulatory mechanism of Jiedu Huayu granules has not been fully studied, and its function in the immune system remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, the mechanism of Jiedu Huayu granules in the prevention of hepatic injury was studied in a rat model of hepatic injury induced by D-galactoside and lipopolysaccharide. The cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the peripheral blood were examined. Perforin, granule B, and PD1 expression in CTL increased after the induction of hepatic injury and could be reduced by Jiedu Huayu granules. Hepatic apoptotic factors OX62, FAS, and TNFR1 associated with CTL function were also reduced by Jiedu Huayu granules. These results suggested that Jiedu Huayu granules could inhibit the inflammatory response to relieve liver damage by mediating the T-cell immunity. Therefore, the discovery of the mechanism of action of Jiedu Huayu granules in the immune system could allow their use more effectively in clinical practice.
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20
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Findlay AD, Foot JS, Buson A, Deodhar M, Jarnicki AG, Hansbro PM, Liu G, Schilter H, Turner CI, Zhou W, Jarolimek W. Identification and Optimization of Mechanism-Based Fluoroallylamine Inhibitors of Lysyl Oxidase-like 2/3. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9874-9889. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison D. Findlay
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, New South Wales 2086, Australia
| | - Jonathan S. Foot
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, New South Wales 2086, Australia
| | - Alberto Buson
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, New South Wales 2086, Australia
| | - Mandar Deodhar
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, New South Wales 2086, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Jarnicki
- Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Heidi Schilter
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, New South Wales 2086, Australia
| | - Craig I. Turner
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, New South Wales 2086, Australia
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, New South Wales 2086, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Jarolimek
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, New South Wales 2086, Australia
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21
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Jiang H, Wu F, Jiang N, Gao J, Zhang J. Reconstruction and analysis of competitive endogenous RNA network reveals regulatory role of long non‑coding RNAs in hepatic fibrosis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4091-4100. [PMID: 31545470 PMCID: PMC6797987 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF), one of the leading global health problems, is defined as aberrant and excess production of extracellular matrix components. The pathogenesis of HF is complex and poorly understood. Long non‑coding RNAs (LncRNAs) can interact with microRNAs (miRNAs) as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate the expression of target genes, which play a significant role in the initiation and progression of HF. In the present study, the LncRNA‑associated ceRNA network was reconstructed based on LncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression profiles that were downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus. Bioinformatics assessments including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery. The ceRNA network was composed of 220 LncRNA nodes, 24 miRNA nodes, 164 mRNA nodes and 1,149 edges. Functional assays identified that a total of 338 GO terms and 25 pathways, including regulation of cytokine and collagen, and the transforming growth factor‑β and Toll‑like receptor signaling pathways, were significantly enriched. In addition, 4 LncRNAs (NONMMUT036242, XR_877072, XR_378619 and XR_378418) were highly related to HF and thereby chosen as key LncRNAs. The present study uncovered a ceRNA network that could further the understanding of the mechanisms underlying HF development and provide potential novel markers for clinical diagnosis and targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Furong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jiarong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jiafu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
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22
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Li YT, Ye JZ, Lv LX, Xu H, Yang LY, Jiang XW, Wu WR, Shi D, Fang DQ, Bian XY, Wang KC, Wang QQ, Xie JJ, Lu YM, Li LJ. Pretreatment With Bacillus cereus Preserves Against D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in a Rat Model. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1751. [PMID: 31417535 PMCID: PMC6685349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) functions as a probiotic in animals, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aim to evaluate the protective effects and definite mechanism by which orally administered B. cereus prevents D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced liver injury in rats. Twenty-one Sprague–Dawley rats were equally assigned into three groups (N = 7 animals per group). B. cereus ATCC11778 (2 × 109 colony-forming units/ml) was administered to the B. cereus group via gavage, and phosphate-buffered saline was administered to the positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) groups for 2 weeks. The PC and B. cereus groups received 1.1 g/kg D-GalN via an intraperitoneal injection to induce liver injury. The blood, terminal ileum, liver, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were collected for histological examinations and to evaluate bacterial translocation. Liver function was also determined. Fecal samples were collected for deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA on an Illumina MiSeq platform. B. cereus significantly attenuated D-GalN-induced liver injury and improved serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum cholinesterase levels (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). B. cereus modulated cytokine secretion, as indicated by the elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in both the liver and plasma (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and the substantially decreased levels of the cytokine IL-13 in the liver (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with B. cereus attenuated anoxygenic bacterial translocation in the veins (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.05) and upregulated the expression of the tight junction protein 1. The gut microbiota from the B. cereus group clustered separately from that of the PC group, with an increase in species of the Ruminococcaceae and Peptococcaceae families and a decrease in those of the Parabacteroides, Paraprevotella, and Desulfovibrio families. The potential probiotic B. cereus attenuated liver injury by restoring the gut flora balance and enhancing the intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long-Xian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dai-Qiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Cen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Meng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Li J, Zhao YR, Tian Z. Roles of hepatic stellate cells in acute liver failure: From the perspective of inflammation and fibrosis. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:412-420. [PMID: 31183002 PMCID: PMC6547291 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) usually results in hepatocellular dysfunction and coagulopathy and carries a high mortality rate. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are famous for their role in liver fibrosis. Although some recent studies revealed that HSCs might participate in the pathogenesis of ALF, the accurate mechanism is still not fully understood. This review focuses on the recent advances in understanding the functions of HSCs in ALF and revealed both protective and promotive roles during the pathogenesis of ALF: HSC activation participates in the maintenance of cell attachment and the architecture of liver tissue via extracellular matrix production and assists liver regeneration by producing growth factors; and HSC inflammation plays a role in relaying inflammation signaling from sinusoids to parenchyma via secretion of inflammatory cytokines. A better understanding of roles of HSCs in the pathogenesis of ALF may lead to improvements and novel strategies for treating ALF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying-Ren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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24
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Schilter H, Findlay AD, Perryman L, Yow TT, Moses J, Zahoor A, Turner CI, Deodhar M, Foot JS, Zhou W, Greco A, Joshi A, Rayner B, Townsend S, Buson A, Jarolimek W. The lysyl oxidase like 2/3 enzymatic inhibitor, PXS-5153A, reduces crosslinks and ameliorates fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1759-1770. [PMID: 30536539 PMCID: PMC6378217 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and crosslinked proteins, in particular collagen and elastin, leading to tissue stiffening and disrupted organ function. Lysyl oxidases are key players during this process, as they initiate collagen crosslinking through the oxidation of the ε-amino group of lysine or hydroxylysine on collagen side-chains, which subsequently dimerize to form immature, or trimerize to form mature, collagen crosslinks. The role of LOXL2 in fibrosis and cancer is well documented, however the specific enzymatic function of LOXL2 and LOXL3 during disease is less clear. Herein, we describe the development of PXS-5153A, a novel mechanism based, fast-acting, dual LOXL2/LOXL3 inhibitor, which was used to interrogate the role of these enzymes in models of collagen crosslinking and fibrosis. PXS-5153A dose-dependently reduced LOXL2-mediated collagen oxidation and collagen crosslinking in vitro. In two liver fibrosis models, carbon tetrachloride or streptozotocin/high fat diet-induced, PXS-5153A reduced disease severity and improved liver function by diminishing collagen content and collagen crosslinks. In myocardial infarction, PXS-5153A improved cardiac output. Taken together these results demonstrate that, due to their crucial role in collagen crosslinking, inhibition of the enzymatic activities of LOXL2/LOXL3 represents an innovative therapeutic approach for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Schilter
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison D Findlay
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lara Perryman
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tin T Yow
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Moses
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amna Zahoor
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig I Turner
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mandar Deodhar
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Foot
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelique Greco
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amar Joshi
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Rayner
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Townsend
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology, National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alberto Buson
- Drug Discovery department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Ugamura A, Chu PS, Nakamoto N, Taniki N, Ojiro K, Hibi T, Shinoda M, Obara H, Masugi Y, Yamaguchi A, Shiba S, Morikawa R, Usui S, Ebinuma H, Kitagawa Y, Saito H, Kanai T. Liver Fibrosis Markers Improve Prediction of Outcome in Non-Acetaminophen-Associated Acute Liver Failure. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1331-1343. [PMID: 30411080 PMCID: PMC6211334 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A prognostic system for acute liver failure (ALF) with a higher predictive value is urgently needed. The role of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in ALF has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that serologic fibrosis markers, which reflect ECM remodeling, are predictive of ALF outcome at first presentation. This observational study included 110 patients with acute liver dysfunction, of which 73 had non-acetaminophen-associated ALF (NAA-ALF). We evaluated serum levels of hyaluronic acid, 7S domain of type IV collagen (4COL7S), and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2-binding protein at first presentation to a tertiary center. Serologic fibrosis markers were significantly higher in NAA-ALF compared with acute hepatitis. Elevated hyaluronic acid and 4COL7S levels at first presentation correlated significantly with worse clinical outcomes. 4COL7S, along with age, ammonia, and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, was a significant prognostic factor in multivariate analysis; 4COL7S correlated significantly with coagulopathy, decreased hepatic synthetic functions, advanced hepatic encephalopathy, and liver atrophy and also predicted 180-day transplant-free survival. Cox regression models incorporating 4COL7S with the MELD system had profoundly improved predictive values that significantly surpassed the MELD system alone. Conclusion: Elevation of serologic fibrosis markers reflecting ECM remodeling in NAA-ALF predicted a worse clinical outcome. Incorporation of 4COL7S at first presentation to a transplant center improves the specificity while retaining the sensitivity of the MELD system. External validation of a fibrosis marker as part of a clinical prediction tool in ALF warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ugamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Po-Sung Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Keisuke Ojiro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital Ichikawa City Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideaki Obara
- Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shiba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Rei Morikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Shingo Usui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National Hospital Organization Saitama Hospital Wako City Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Ebinuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan.,International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan.,Division of Pharmacotherapeutics Keio University School of Pharmacy Tokyo Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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26
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Tian Z, Chen Y, Yao N, Hu C, Wu Y, Guo D, Liu J, Yang Y, Chen T, Zhao Y, He Y. Role of mitophagy regulation by ROS in hepatic stellate cells during acute liver failure. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G374-G384. [PMID: 29648877 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00032.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver sinusoids serve as the first line of defense against extrahepatic stimuli from the intestinal tract. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are pericytes residing in the perisinusoidal space that integrate cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses in the sinusoids and relay these signals to the liver parenchyma. Oxidative stress has been shown to promote inflammation during acute liver failure (ALF). Whether and how oxidative stress is involved in HSC inflammation during ALF remains unclear. Level of systemic oxidative stress is reflected by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Thus, ALF patients were recruited to investigate the correlation between plasma SOD levels and clinical features. Liver tissues were collected from chronic hepatitis patients by biopsy and from ALF patients who had undergone liver transplantation. SOD2 expression and HSCs activation were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Inflammation, mitophagy, and apoptosis were investigated by immunoblot analysis and flow cytometry in HSCs treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) donors. The plasma SOD level was significantly increased in patients with ALF compared with those with cirrhosis (444.4 ± 23.58 vs. 170.07 ± 3.52 U/ml, P < 0.01) and was positively correlated with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Na score ( R2 = 0.4720, P < 0.01). In vivo observations revealed that SOD2 immunostaining was increased in ALF patients and mice models, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that LPS/ROS promoted inflammation via inhibiting mitophagy. Moreover, the regulation of inflammation was apoptosis independent in HSCs. LPS-induced increases in oxidative stress promote inflammation through inhibiting mitophagy in HSCs during the process of ALF, providing a novel strategy for the treatment of patients with ALF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we demonstrate that the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level is significantly increased in patients with acute liver failure (ALF), and, correlated with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Na score, SOD level dropped in the remission stage of ALF. We identify that, in liver tissue from ALF patients and mice models, manganese-dependent SOD was overexpressed, and show lipopolysaccharide/H2O2 inhibits mitophagy via reactive oxygen species in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We show that inhibited mitophagy promotes inflammation in HSCs, whereas mitophagy inducer rescues HSCs from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Naijuan Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Institution of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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27
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Transcriptome Analysis of Porcine PBMCs Reveals the Immune Cascade Response and Gene Ontology Terms Related to Cell Death and Fibrosis in the Progression of Liver Failure. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:2101906. [PMID: 29850453 PMCID: PMC5925156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key gene sets involved in the progression of acute liver failure (ALF), which has a high mortality rate, remain unclear. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the transcriptional response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following ALF. METHODS ALF was induced by D-galactosamine (D-gal) in a porcine model. PBMCs were separated at time zero (baseline group), 36 h (failure group), and 60 h (dying group) after D-gal injection. Transcriptional profiling was performed using RNA sequencing and analysed using DAVID bioinformatics resources. RESULTS Compared with the baseline group, 816 and 1,845 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the failure and dying groups, respectively. A total of five and two gene ontology (GO) term clusters were enriched in 107 GO terms in the failure group and 154 GO terms in the dying group. These GO clusters were primarily immune-related, including genes regulating the inflammasome complex and toll-like receptor signalling pathways. Specifically, GO terms related to cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy, and those related to fibrosis, coagulation dysfunction, and hepatic encephalopathy were enriched. Seven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, hematopoietic cell lineage, lysosome, rheumatoid arthritis, malaria, and phagosome and pertussis pathways were mapped for DEGs in the failure group. All of these seven KEGG pathways were involved in the 19 KEGG pathways mapped in the dying group. CONCLUSION We found that the dramatic PBMC transcriptome changes triggered by ALF progression was predominantly related to immune responses. The enriched GO terms related to cell death, fibrosis, and so on, as indicated by PBMC transcriptome analysis, seem to be useful in elucidating potential key gene sets in the progression of ALF. A better understanding of these gene sets might be of preventive or therapeutic interest.
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28
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Sydor S, Bechmann LP. Hepatic stellate cell autophagy in acute liver injury: A novel role for nitric oxide? Liver Int 2017; 37:1602-1604. [PMID: 29065253 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Sydor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lars P Bechmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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29
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Jin L, Gao H, Wang J, Yang S, Wang J, Liu J, Yang Y, Yan T, Chen T, Zhao Y, He Y. Role and regulation of autophagy and apoptosis by nitric oxide in hepatic stellate cells during acute liver failure. Liver Int 2017; 37:1651-1659. [PMID: 28508586 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We previously found that hepatic stellate cell activation induced by autophagy maintains the liver architecture to prevent collapse during acute liver failure. Nitric oxide has shown to induce hepatic stellate cell apoptosis. Whether and how nitric oxide is involved in acute liver failure and autophagy remains unclear. METHODS Acute liver failure patients were recruited to investigate the correlation between plasma nitric oxide levels and clinical features. Liver tissues were collected from chronic hepatitis patients by biopsy and from acute liver failure patients who had undergone liver transplantation. The expression of nitric oxide synthases and hepatic stellate cell activation (alpha-SMA), and autophagic activity (LC3) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Autophagy and apoptosis were investigated by immunoblot analysis, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry in hepatic stellate cells treated with nitric oxide donors. RESULTS Plasma nitric oxide level was significantly increased in patients with acute liver failure compared to those with cirrhosis (53.60±19.74 μM vs 19.40±9.03 μM, Z=-7.384, P<.001) and positively correlated with MELD-Na score (r=.539, P<.001), implicating nitric oxide in acute liver failure. At least some Nitric oxide was produced by overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthases and endothelial nitric oxide synthases, but not neuronal nitric oxide synthases in the liver tissue. In vivo observation revealed that autophagy was inhibited in hepatic stellate cells based on decreased LC3 immunostaining, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that Nitric oxide can inhibit autophagy. Moreover, nitric oxide promoted hepatic stellate cell apoptosis, which was rescued by an autophagy inducer. CONCLUSIONS Increased nitric oxide synthases/ nitric oxide promotes apoptosis through autophagy inhibition in hepatic stellate cells during acute liver failure, providing a novel strategy for the treatment of patients with acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Xi'an Health School, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
| | - JiuPing Wang
- Centre of Liver Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi, China
| | - ShuJuan Yang
- Xi'an Eighth Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
| | - JingFeng Liu
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
| | - TaoTao Yan
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Yingli He
- Institution of Hepatology, First Affiliated Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi province, China
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30
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Vescarelli E, Pilloni A, Dominici F, Pontecorvi P, Angeloni A, Polimeni A, Ceccarelli S, Marchese C. Autophagy activation is required for myofibroblast differentiation during healing of oral mucosa. J Clin Periodontol 2017. [PMID: 28646601 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM It is known that periodontal tissues heal faster that skin, and gingiva in particular heal without scar formation. The mechanisms regulating this behaviour are still unclear. The aim of our work was to compare wound healing in oral mucosa and gingiva, investigating the role of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-expressing myofibroblasts and autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biopsies were obtained from seven patients immediately before and 24 hr after vertical releasing incision in oral mucosa and attached gingiva. Both whole biopsies and primary cultures of fibroblasts derived from the same tissues were subjected to immunofluorescence, Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. RESULTS We demonstrated that in oral mucosa, characterized by partially fibrotic outcome during repair, the activation of autophagy determined an increase in αSMA and collagen 1a1 production. Conversely, wound healing did not stimulate autophagy in attached gingiva, and subsequently, no increase in myofibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition could be seen, thus justifying its scarless outcome. CONCLUSIONS The elucidation of the differential regulation of autophagy in periodontal tissues and its correlation with myofibroblast differentiation and fibrotic outcome could allow the identification of new molecules involved in periodontal healing and the development of new surgical approaches for periodontal treatment that could improve the outcome of postoperative wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Vescarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Pilloni
- Section of Periodontology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
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31
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Abstract
Although acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease, it continues to have high mortality and morbidity rates due to its many causes. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), originally reported as a ubiquitous non-histone chromosomal protein, is a multi-functional protein with varying functions depending on its location, such as in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular space. The role of extracellular HMGB1 as an inflammatory mediator has been well studied, and the elevation of serum HMGB1 has been reported in several diseases that are closely associated with ALF. Areas covered: In this review, we focus on the relationship between causes of acute liver failure, such as viral infection, drug-induced liver injury, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and acute-on-chronic liver failure, and the role of HMGB1. Furthermore, we also consolidate and summarize the current reports of HMGB1-targeting therapies in hepatic injury models. Expert commentary: HMGB1 could be a novel therapeutic candidate for ALF, and the clinical testing of HMGB1-targeting therapies for ALF patients is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Yamamoto
- a Department of Digestive and General Surgery , Shimane University Faculty of Medicine , Izumo , Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Tajima
- a Department of Digestive and General Surgery , Shimane University Faculty of Medicine , Izumo , Japan
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32
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Zheng QF, Li JS, Bai L, Zheng SJ. Protective effect of liver fibrosis against acute liver injury. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3537-3542. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i24.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in liver tissue. Liver fibrosis as the characteristic change of chronic liver injury has the potential to develop into liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatic carcinoma, and is considered a devastating pathologic process. However, recent studies demonstrate that liver fibrosis is not only reversible, but also can protect the liver from acute injury. Currently, the mechanisms of hepatoprotective effect of liver fibrosis have become a hot research area, which include promoted regeneration of the remaining normal liver cells and apoptotic resistance. In the present article, we will review the hepatoprotective effect of liver fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis of acute-on-chronic liver failure and provide new therapeutic targets for this disease.
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33
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Donnelly MC, Hayes PC, Simpson KJ. Role of inflammation and infection in the pathogenesis of human acute liver failure: Clinical implications for monitoring and therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5958-5970. [PMID: 27468190 PMCID: PMC4948263 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure is a rare and devastating clinical condition. At present, emergency liver transplantation is the only life-saving therapy in advanced cases, yet the feasibility of transplantation is affected by the presence of systemic inflammation, infection and resultant multi-organ failure. The importance of immune dysregulation and acquisition of infection in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and its associated complications is now recognised. In this review we discuss current thinking regarding the role of infection and inflammation in the pathogenesis of and outcome in human acute liver failure, the implications for the management of such patients and suggest directions for future research.
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34
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Koneru M, Sahu BD, Kumar JM, Kuncha M, Kadari A, Kilari EK, Sistla R. Fisetin protects liver from binge alcohol-induced toxicity by mechanisms including inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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35
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Bai L, Kong M, Zheng Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Zu K, Chen Y, Zheng S, Li J, Ren F, Lou J, Liu S, Duan Z. Inhibition of the translocation and extracellular release of high-mobility group box 1 alleviates liver damage in fibrotic mice in response to D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide challenge. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3835-41. [PMID: 27035642 PMCID: PMC4838152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury in the setting of fibrosis is an area of interest in investigations, and remains to be fully elucidated. Previous studies have suggested the beneficial effects of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide and partial bile duct ligation against Fas-mediated acute liver injury. The activation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling is considered to be crucial in this hepatoprotection. To demonstrate the protection of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis against lethal challenge, the present study compared the reactivity to lethal doses of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) between fibrotic mice and control mice groups. The extent of hepatic damage was assessed by survival rate and histopathological analysis. The molecular basis of the fibrosis-based hepatoprotection was examined, with a particular focus on the translocation and release of high-mobility group box (HMGB)1 and the inflammatory response triggered by HMGB1. Hepatoprotection induced by fibrosis was demonstrated by improved survival rates (100%, vs. 20%) and improved preservation of liver architecture in fibrotic mice subjected to D-GalN/LPS, compared with control mice treated in the same way. D-GalN/LPS evoked the translocation and release of HMGB1, detected by immunohistochemistry, in the control mice, which was significantly inhibited in the fibrotic mice. The gene expression levels of HMGB1-associated proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-12p40, were markedly inhibited in the fibrotic mice when exposed to D-GalN/LPS. These findings confirmed that CCl4-based fibrosis induced hepatoprotection, and provided evidence that fibrosis inhibited the translocation and release of HMGB1, and the proinflammatory response triggered by HMGB1. This alleviated liver damage following exposure to D-GalN/LPS challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ming Kong
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Qingfen Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Kejia Zu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ren
- Research Department, Beijing Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Lou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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36
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Li J, Zhao TT, Zhang P, Xu CJ, Rong ZX, Yan ZY, Fang CY. Autophagy mediates oral submucous fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1859-1864. [PMID: 27168817 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic insidious disease of the oral mucosa, well-recognized as a premalignant condition and commonly found in Southern China. It is primarily caused by the habit of areca nut or gutkha chewing. OSF is believed to be a homeostatic disorder of the extracellular matrix and fibroblast proliferation. The present study demonstrated a novel link between autophagy and OSF. Tissue samples from human OSF showed an overexpression of the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 using immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. With regard to the crucial role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in OSF disease, western blot analysis demonstrated that TGF-β signaling was shown to contribute to the activation of autophagy in fibroblasts in vitro; however, a cell apoptosis and MTS assay demonstrated that the suppression of autophagy ameliorated the fibrosis induced by active TGF-β receptor type I signaling, as well as promoted fibroblast apoptosis and suppressed proliferation. Therefore, the present results suggest that autophagy serves a crucial function in OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Oral Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- Oral Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Jin Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Xiang Rong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Yan
- Oral Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Yun Fang
- Oral Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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37
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He Y, Jin L, Wang J, Yan Z, Chen T, Zhao Y. Mechanisms of fibrosis in acute liver failure. Liver Int 2015; 35:1877-85. [PMID: 25388426 PMCID: PMC5024020 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a condition with high mortality and morbidity. Fibrosis in chronic liver disease was extensively researched, whereas fibrosis and underlying mechanism in acute liver failure remains unclear. METHODS Hepatitis B virus related ALF patients were recruited to investigate if there was ongoing fibrosis by liver histology and liver stiffness measurement(LSM) analysis as well as fibrosis markers assay. Sera HMGB1 were kinetically detected in progression and remission stage of ALF. Hepatic stellate cell(HSC) activation by HMGB1 was explored by testing mRNA and protein level of α-SMA and collagen 1a1 by using qPCR and western blot. Autophagy induction by HMGB1 was explored by LC3-II conversion, autophagy flux and fluorescence. RESULTS Firstly, ongoing fibrosis in progression stage of ALF was confirmed by histological analysis, LS measurement as well as fibrosis markers detection. HSC activation and autophagy induction in explanted liver tissue also revealed. Next, kinetic monitoring sera HMGB1 revealed elevated HMGB1 in progression stage of ALF vs HBsAg carrier, and drop back to base level in remission stage. Thirdly, rHMGB1 dose dependently activated HSCs, as indicated by increased mRNA and proteins level in α-SMA and collagen 1a1. Moreover, autophagy was induced in HSC treated with rHMGB1, as illustrated by increased LC3 lipidation, elevated autophagy flux and GFP-LC3 puncta. CONCLUSIONS Acute liver failure is accompanied by ongoing fibrosis, HSC activation and autophagy induction. Increased HMGB1 activates HSC via autophagy induction. Those findings integrate HMGB1, HSCs activation, autophagy into a common framework that underlies the fibrosis in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli He
- Department of Infectious DiseasesFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Institution of HepatologyFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi provinceChina
| | - Li Jin
- Institution of HepatologyFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi provinceChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Institution of HepatologyFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi provinceChina
| | - Zhi Yan
- Institution of HepatologyFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi provinceChina
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSecond teaching hospital of ShanDong universityJinanShandong provinceChina
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Department of Infectious DiseasesFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Institution of HepatologyFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi provinceChina
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious DiseasesFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Institution of HepatologyFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi provinceChina
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