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Liu F, Kaplan AL, Levring J, Einsiedel J, Tiedt S, Distler K, Omattage NS, Kondratov IS, Moroz YS, Pietz HL, Irwin JJ, Gmeiner P, Shoichet BK, Chen J. Structure-based discovery of CFTR potentiators and inhibitors. Cell 2024; 187:3712-3725.e34. [PMID: 38810646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a crucial ion channel whose loss of function leads to cystic fibrosis, whereas its hyperactivation leads to secretory diarrhea. Small molecules that improve CFTR folding (correctors) or function (potentiators) are clinically available. However, the only potentiator, ivacaftor, has suboptimal pharmacokinetics and inhibitors have yet to be clinically developed. Here, we combine molecular docking, electrophysiology, cryo-EM, and medicinal chemistry to identify CFTR modulators. We docked ∼155 million molecules into the potentiator site on CFTR, synthesized 53 test ligands, and used structure-based optimization to identify candidate modulators. This approach uncovered mid-nanomolar potentiators, as well as inhibitors, that bind to the same allosteric site. These molecules represent potential leads for the development of more effective drugs for cystic fibrosis and secretory diarrhea, demonstrating the feasibility of large-scale docking for ion channel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Liu
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anat Levit Kaplan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jesper Levring
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jürgen Einsiedel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Tiedt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Distler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalie S Omattage
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ivan S Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyïv, Ukraine; V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 1, 02660 Kyïv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii S Moroz
- Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 85, 02094 Kyïv, Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyïv, Volodymyrska Street 60, 01601 Kyïv, Ukraine
| | - Harlan L Pietz
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jue Chen
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Hof WFJ, de Boer JF, Verkade HJ. Emerging drugs for the treatment of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis: a focus on phase II and III trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38571480 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2024.2336986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of disorders characterized by inappropriate bile formation, causing hepatic accumulation of bile acids and, subsequently, liver injury. Until recently, no approved treatments were available for these patients. AREAS COVERED Recent clinical trials for PFIC treatment have focused on intestine-restricted ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitors. These compounds aim to reduce the pool size of bile acids by interrupting their enterohepatic circulation. Other emerging treatments in the pipeline include systemic IBAT inhibitors, synthetic bile acid derivatives, compounds targeting bile acid synthesis via the FXR/FGF axis, and chaperones/potentiators that aim to enhance the residual activity of the mutated transporters. EXPERT OPINION Substantial progress has been made in drug development for PFIC patients during the last couple of years. Although data concerning long-term efficacy are as yet only scarcely available, new therapies have demonstrated robust efficacy in a considerable fraction of patients at least on the shorter term. However, a substantial fraction of PFIC patients do not respond to these novel therapies and thus still requires surgical treatment, including liver transplantation before adulthood. Hence, there is still an unmet medical need for long-term effective medical, preferably non-surgical, treatment for all PFIC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemien F J Hof
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Verkade HJ, Felzen A, Keitel V, Thompson R, Gonzales E, Strnad P, Kamath B, van Mil S. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on genetic cholestatic liver diseases. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)00274-5. [PMID: 38851996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Genetic cholestatic liver diseases are caused by (often rare) mutations in a multitude of different genes. While these diseases differ in pathobiology, clinical presentation and prognosis, they do have several commonalities due to their cholestatic nature. These Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) offer a general approach to genetic testing and management of cholestatic pruritus, while exploring diagnostic and treatment approaches for a subset of genetic cholestatic liver diseases in depth. An expert panel appointed by the European Association for the Study of the Liver has created recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment, based on the best evidence currently available in the fields of paediatric and adult hepatology, as well as genetics. The management of these diseases generally takes place in a tertiary referral centre, in order to provide up-to-date approaches and expertise. These CPGs are intended to support hepatologists (for paediatric and adult patients), residents and other healthcare professionals involved in the management of these patients with concrete recommendations based on currently available evidence or, if not available, on expert opinion.
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Liu H, Irobalieva RN, Kowal J, Ni D, Nosol K, Bang-Sørensen R, Lancien L, Stahlberg H, Stieger B, Locher KP. Structural basis of bile salt extrusion and small-molecule inhibition in human BSEP. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7296. [PMID: 37949847 PMCID: PMC10638440 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BSEP (ABCB11) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that is expressed in hepatocytes and extrudes bile salts into the canaliculi of the liver. BSEP dysfunction, caused by mutations or induced by drugs, is frequently associated with severe cholestatic liver disease. We report the cryo-EM structure of glibenclamide-bound human BSEP in nanodiscs, revealing the basis of small-molecule inhibition. Glibenclamide binds the apex of a central binding pocket between the transmembrane domains, preventing BSEP from undergoing conformational changes, and thus rationalizing the reduced uptake of bile salts. We further report two high-resolution structures of BSEP trapped in distinct nucleotide-bound states by using a catalytically inactivated BSEP variant (BSEPE1244Q) to visualize a pre-hydrolysis state, and wild-type BSEP trapped by vanadate to visualize a post-hydrolysis state. Our studies provide structural and functional insight into the mechanism of bile salt extrusion and into small-molecule inhibition of BSEP, which may rationalize drug-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dongchun Ni
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, School of Basic Science, EPFL, and Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamil Nosol
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rose Bang-Sørensen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loïck Lancien
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, School of Basic Science, EPFL, and Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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5
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Kleizen B, de Mattos E, Papaioannou O, Monti M, Tartaglia GG, van der Sluijs P, Braakman I. Transmembrane Helices 7 and 8 Confer Aggregation Sensitivity to the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15741. [PMID: 37958724 PMCID: PMC10648718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is a large multi-spanning membrane protein that is susceptible to misfolding and aggregation. We have identified here the region responsible for this instability. Temperature-induced aggregation of C-terminally truncated versions of CFTR demonstrated that all truncations up to the second transmembrane domain (TMD2), including the R region, largely resisted aggregation. Limited proteolysis identified a folded structure that was prone to aggregation and consisted of TMD2 and at least part of the Regulatory Region R. Only when both TM7 (TransMembrane helix 7) and TM8 were present, TMD2 fragments became as aggregation-sensitive as wild-type CFTR, in line with increased thermo-instability of late CFTR nascent chains and in silico prediction of aggregation propensity. In accord, isolated TMD2 was degraded faster in cells than isolated TMD1. We conclude that TMD2 extended at its N-terminus with part of the R region forms a protease-resistant structure that induces heat instability in CFTR and may be responsible for its limited intracellular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Kleizen
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (E.d.M.); (O.P.); (P.v.d.S.)
| | - Eduardo de Mattos
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (E.d.M.); (O.P.); (P.v.d.S.)
| | - Olga Papaioannou
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (E.d.M.); (O.P.); (P.v.d.S.)
| | - Michele Monti
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.G.T.)
- Centre for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.G.T.)
- Centre for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Peter van der Sluijs
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (E.d.M.); (O.P.); (P.v.d.S.)
| | - Ineke Braakman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (E.d.M.); (O.P.); (P.v.d.S.)
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6
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Xie S, Wei S, Ma X, Wang R, He T, Zhang Z, Yang J, Wang J, Chang L, Jing M, Li H, Zhou X, Zhao Y. Genetic alterations and molecular mechanisms underlying hereditary intrahepatic cholestasis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173542. [PMID: 37324459 PMCID: PMC10264785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cholestatic liver disease caused by a class of autosomal gene mutations results in jaundice, which involves the abnormality of the synthesis, secretion, and other disorders of bile acids metabolism. Due to the existence of a variety of gene mutations, the clinical manifestations of children are also diverse. There is no unified standard for diagnosis and single detection method, which seriously hinders the development of clinical treatment. Therefore, the mutated genes of hereditary intrahepatic cholestasis were systematically described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Pharmacy, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Moore JM, Bell EL, Hughes RO, Garfield AS. ABC transporters: human disease and pharmacotherapeutic potential. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:152-172. [PMID: 36503994 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a 48-member superfamily of membrane proteins that actively transport a variety of biological substrates across lipid membranes. Their functional diversity defines an expansive involvement in myriad aspects of human biology. At least 21 ABC transporters underlie rare monogenic disorders, with even more implicated in the predisposition to and symptomology of common and complex diseases. Such broad (patho)physiological relevance places this class of proteins at the intersection of disease causation and therapeutic potential, underlining them as promising targets for drug discovery, as exemplified by the transformative CFTR (ABCC7) modulator therapies for cystic fibrosis. This review will explore the growing relevance of ABC transporters to human disease and their potential as small-molecule drug targets.
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Ivacaftor-Mediated Potentiation of ABCB4 Missense Mutations Affecting Critical Motifs of the NBDs: Repositioning Perspectives for Hepatobiliary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021236. [PMID: 36674751 PMCID: PMC9867378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCB4 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4) is a hepatocanalicular floppase involved in biliary phosphatidylcholine (PC) secretion. Variations in the ABCB4 gene give rise to several biliary diseases, including progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), an autosomal recessive disease that can be lethal in the absence of liver transplantation. In this study, we investigated the effect and potential rescue of ten ABCB4 missense variations in NBD1:NBD2 homologous positions (Y403H/Y1043H, K435M/K1075M, E558K/E1200A, D564G/D1206G and H589Y/H1231Y) all localized at the conserved and functionally critical motifs of ABC transporters, six of which are mutated in patients. By combining structure analysis and in vitro studies, we found that all ten mutants were normally processed and localized at the canalicular membrane of HepG2 cells, but showed dramatically impaired PC transport activity that was significantly rescued by treatment with the clinically approved CFTR potentiator ivacaftor. Our results provide evidence that functional ABCB4 mutations are rescued by ivacaftor, paving the way for the repositioning of this potentiator for the treatment of selected patients with PFIC3 caused by mutations in the ATP-binding sites of ABCB4.
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Felzen A, van Wessel DB, Gonzales E, Thompson RJ, Jankowska I, Shneider BL, Sokal E, Grammatikopoulos T, Kadaristiana A, Jacquemin E, Spraul A, Lipiński P, Czubkowski P, Rock N, Shagrani M, Broering D, Nicastro E, Kelly D, Nebbia G, Arnell H, Fischler B, Hulscher JB, Serranti D, Arikan C, Polat E, Debray D, Lacaille F, Goncalves C, Hierro L, Muñoz Bartolo G, Mozer-Glassberg Y, Azaz A, Brecelj J, Dezsőfi A, Calvo PL, Grabhorn E, Hartleif S, van der Woerd WJ, Kamath BM, Wang JS, Li L, Durmaz Ö, Kerkar N, Jørgensen MH, Fischer R, Jimenez-Rivera C, Alam S, Cananzi M, Laverdure N, Ferreira CT, Guerrero FO, Wang H, Sency V, Kim KM, Chen HL, de Carvalho E, Fabre A, Bernabeu JQ, Zellos A, Alonso EM, Sokol RJ, Suchy FJ, Loomes KM, McKiernan PJ, Rosenthal P, Turmelle Y, Horslen S, Schwarz K, Bezerra JA, Wang K, Hansen BE, Verkade HJ. Genotype-phenotype relationships of truncating mutations, p.E297G and p.D482G in bile salt export pump deficiency. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100626. [PMID: 36687469 PMCID: PMC9852554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Bile salt export pump (BSEP) deficiency frequently necessitates liver transplantation in childhood. In contrast to two predicted protein truncating mutations (PPTMs), homozygous p.D482G or p.E297G mutations are associated with relatively mild phenotypes, responsive to surgical interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (siEHC). The phenotype of patients with a compound heterozygous genotype of one p.D482G or p.E297G mutation and one PPTM has remained unclear. We aimed to assess their genotype-phenotype relationship. Methods From the NAPPED database, we selected patients with homozygous p.D482G or p.E297G mutations (BSEP1/1; n = 31), with one p.D482G or p.E297G, and one PPTM (BSEP1/3; n = 30), and with two PPTMs (BSEP3/3; n = 77). We compared clinical presentation, native liver survival (NLS), and the effect of siEHC on NLS. Results The groups had a similar median age at presentation (0.7-1.3 years). Overall NLS at age 10 years was 21% in BSEP1/3 vs. 75% in BSEP1/1 and 23% in BSEP3/3 (p <0.001). Without siEHC, NLS in the BSEP1/3 group was similar to that in BSEP3/3, but considerably lower than in BSEP1/1 (at age 10 years: 38%, 30%, and 71%, respectively; p = 0.003). After siEHC, BSEP1/3 and BSEP3/3 were associated with similarly low NLS, while NLS was much higher in BSEP1/1 (10 years after siEHC, 27%, 14%, and 92%, respectively; p <0.001). Conclusions Individuals with BSEP deficiency with one p.E297G or p.D482G mutation and one PPTM have a similarly severe disease course and low responsiveness to siEHC as those with two PPTMs. This identifies a considerable subgroup of patients who are unlikely to benefit from interruption of the enterohepatic circulation by either surgical or ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor treatment. Impact and implications This manuscript defines the clinical features and prognosis of individuals with BSEP deficiency involving the combination of one relatively mild and one very severe BSEP deficiency mutation. Until now, it had always been assumed that the mild mutation would be enough to ensure a relatively good prognosis. However, our manuscript shows that the prognosis of these patients is just as poor as that of patients with two severe mutations. They do not respond to biliary diversion surgery and will likely not respond to the new IBAT (ileal bile acid transporter) inhibitors, which have recently been approved for use in BSEP deficiency.
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Key Words
- ABCB11, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B member 11
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BSEP
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- ChiLDReN, Childhood Liver Disease Research Network
- GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- LTx, liver transplantation
- NAPPED, NAtural course and Prognosis of PFIC and Effect of biliary Diversion
- NLS, native liver survival
- PFIC2
- PFIC2, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2
- PPTM, predicted protein truncating mutation
- REDCap, Research Electronic Data Capture
- TSB, total serum bilirubin
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- compound heterozygosity
- genotype
- interruption of the enterohepatic circulation
- phenotype
- sBAs, serum bile acids
- siEHC, surgical interruption of the enterohepatic circulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Felzen
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan B.E. van Wessel
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Gonzales
- Pediatric Hepatology & Pediatric Liver Transplant Department, Centre de Référence de l'Atrésie des Voies Biliaires et des Cholestases Génétiques, Filière de Santé des Maladies Rares du Foie de l'enfant et de l'adulte, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Paris, France,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),INSERM, UMR-S 1193, Hepatinov, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Irena Jankowska
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Benjamin L. Shneider
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN)
| | - Etienne Sokal
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Pediatric Gastorenterology and Hepatology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques St Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Jacquemin
- Pediatric Hepatology & Pediatric Liver Transplant Department, Centre de Référence de l'Atrésie des Voies Biliaires et des Cholestases Génétiques, Filière de Santé des Maladies Rares du Foie de l'enfant et de l'adulte, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Paris, France,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),INSERM, UMR-S 1193, Hepatinov, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Anne Spraul
- INSERM, UMR-S 1193, Hepatinov, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France,Service de Biochemie, Bicêtre Hôspital, AP-HP, Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR-S 1174, France
| | - Patryk Lipiński
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Czubkowski
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nathalie Rock
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Pediatric Specialties, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Shagrani
- Liver & SB Transplant & Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Broering
- Liver & SB Transplant & Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emanuele Nicastro
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Deirdre Kelly
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Liver Unit, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Nebbia
- Servizio Di Epatologia e Nutrizione Pediatrica, Fondazione Irccs Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Henrik Arnell
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Fischler
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan B.F. Hulscher
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniele Serranti
- Pediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cigdem Arikan
- Koc University School of Medicine, Pediatric GI and Hepatology Liver Transplantation Center, Kuttam System in Liver Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Polat
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dominique Debray
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Gastroenterology-Hepatology-Nutrition Unit, APHP-Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Florence Lacaille
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Gastroenterology-Hepatology-Nutrition Unit, APHP-Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Goncalves
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Previously Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal, Now Pediatric Gastroenterology/Hepatology Center Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Loreto Hierro
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Service of Pediatric Hepatology and Transplantation, Children's Hospital La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Muñoz Bartolo
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Service of Pediatric Hepatology and Transplantation, Children's Hospital La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yael Mozer-Glassberg
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Amer Azaz
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jernej Brecelj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antal Dezsőfi
- Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pier Luigi Calvo
- Pediatic Gastroenterology Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Città Della Salute e Della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Enke Grabhorn
- Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Hartleif
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Children’s Hospital Tυ¨bingen, University Medical Center Tυ¨bingen, Tυ¨bingen, Germany
| | - Wendy J. van der Woerd
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Binita M. Kamath
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jian-She Wang
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Li
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Özlem Durmaz
- Department of Child Health and Diseases, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nanda Kerkar
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marianne Hørby Jørgensen
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan Fischer
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Carolina Jimenez-Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Seema Alam
- Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mara Cananzi
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy, Hepatology and Care of the Child with Liver Transplantation, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Noemie Laverdure
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie et Nutrition Pédiatriques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Lyon, France
| | | | - Felipe Ordoñez Guerrero
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Heng Wang
- DDC Clinic - Center for Special Needs Children, Adolescent Medicine and Pediatrics, Middlefield, OH, USA
| | - Valerie Sency
- DDC Clinic - Center for Special Needs Children, Adolescent Medicine and Pediatrics, Middlefield, OH, USA
| | - Kyung Mo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huey-Ling Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Elisa de Carvalho
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brasília Children's Hospital, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Fabre
- INSERM, MMG, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France,Service de Pédiatrie Multidisciplinaire, Timone Enfant, Marseille, France
| | - Jesus Quintero Bernabeu
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aglaia Zellos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Estella M. Alonso
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ronald J. Sokol
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Frederick J. Suchy
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Loomes
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J. McKiernan
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philip Rosenthal
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yumirle Turmelle
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Section of Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simon Horslen
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Schwarz
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jorge A. Bezerra
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kasper Wang
- Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN),Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bettina E. Hansen
- Toronto Center for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada,IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER),Corresponding author. Address: Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands. Tel.: +31 50 3614147, fax: +31 50 361 1704
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10
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In Vitro Rescue of the Bile Acid Transport Function of ABCB11 Variants by CFTR Potentiators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810758. [PMID: 36142670 PMCID: PMC9502978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCB11 is responsible for biliary bile acid secretion at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. Variations in the ABCB11 gene cause a spectrum of rare liver diseases. The most severe form is progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2). Current medical treatments have limited efficacy. Here, we report the in vitro study of Abcb11 missense variants identified in PFIC2 patients and their functional rescue using cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiators. Three ABCB11 disease-causing variations identified in PFIC2 patients (i.e., A257V, T463I and G562D) were reproduced in a plasmid encoding an Abcb11-green fluorescent protein. After transfection, the expression and localization of the variants were studied in HepG2 cells. Taurocholate transport activity and the effect of potentiators were studied in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) clones coexpressing Abcb11 and the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp/Slc10A1). As predicted using three-dimensional structure analysis, the three variants were expressed at the canalicular membrane but showed a defective function. Ivacaftor, GLP1837, SBC040 and SBC219 potentiators increased the bile acid transport of A257V and T463I and to a lesser extent, of G562D Abcb11 missense variants. In addition, a synergic effect was observed when ivacaftor was combined with SBC040 or SBC219. Such potentiators could represent new pharmacological approaches for improving the condition of patients with ABCB11 deficiency due to missense variations affecting the function of the transporter.
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11
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Martínez-García J, Molina A, González-Aseguinolaza G, Weber ND, Smerdou C. Gene Therapy for Acquired and Genetic Cholestasis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061238. [PMID: 35740260 PMCID: PMC9220166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic diseases can be caused by the dysfunction of transporters involved in hepatobiliary circulation. Although pharmacological treatments constitute the current standard of care for these diseases, none are curative, with liver transplantation being the only long-term solution for severe cholestasis, albeit with many disadvantages. Liver-directed gene therapy has shown promising results in clinical trials for genetic diseases, and it could constitute a potential new therapeutic approach for cholestatic diseases. Many preclinical gene therapy studies have shown positive results in animal models of both acquired and genetic cholestasis. The delivery of genes that reduce apoptosis or fibrosis or improve bile flow has shown therapeutic effects in rodents in which cholestasis was induced by drugs or bile duct ligation. Most studies targeting inherited cholestasis, such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), have focused on supplementing a correct version of a mutated gene to the liver using viral or non-viral vectors in order to achieve expression of the therapeutic protein. These strategies have generated promising results in treating PFIC3 in mouse models of the disease. However, important challenges remain in translating this therapy to the clinic, as well as in developing gene therapy strategies for other types of acquired and genetic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-García
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.-G.); (A.M.); (G.G.-A.)
| | - Angie Molina
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.-G.); (A.M.); (G.G.-A.)
| | - Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.-G.); (A.M.); (G.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Vivet Therapeutics S.L., 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nicholas D. Weber
- Vivet Therapeutics S.L., 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.D.W.); (C.S.); Tel.: +34-948194700 (N.D.W. & C.S.)
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.-G.); (A.M.); (G.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.D.W.); (C.S.); Tel.: +34-948194700 (N.D.W. & C.S.)
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12
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Scott J, Jones AM, Piper Hanley K, Athwal VS. Review article: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of liver disease in adults with cystic fibrosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:389-400. [PMID: 35048397 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD) is the leading cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF), after pulmonary disease. To improve identification and management of this condition requires an understanding of the underlying disease mechanism. AIMS This review summarises the current understanding of CFLD epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and management. METHODS Relevant reports on cystic fibrosis liver disease were identified using a literature search and summarised. RESULTS CFLD is a heterogeneous condition with several different co-existent pathologies, including environmental and genetic factors. Incidence of clinically significant CFLD continues at a linear rate into early adulthood and has been described in up to 25% of CF patients. Diagnosis strategies lack precision and patient risk stratification needs to look beyond Childs-Pugh scoring. Efficacious therapies are lacking and, at present, newer modulator therapies lack data in CFLD and carry an increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Outcomes of liver transplant are comparable to non-CF transplant indications. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of CFLD increases with age and hence is increasingly important to adult patients with CF. Effective therapies are lacking. For progress to be made a better understanding of pathogenesis and disease detection are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Scott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust UK, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Varinder S Athwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Alam S, Lal BB. Recent updates on progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis types 1, 2 and 3: Outcome and therapeutic strategies. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:98-118. [PMID: 35126842 PMCID: PMC8790387 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence points towards the role of genotype to understand the phenotype, predict the natural course and long term outcome of patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). Expanded role of the heterozygous transporter defects presenting late needs to be suspected and identified. Treatment of pruritus, nutritional rehabilitation, prevention of fibrosis progression and liver transplantation (LT) in those with end stage liver disease form the crux of the treatment. LT in PFIC has its own unique issues like high rates of intractable diarrhoea, growth failure; steatohepatitis and graft failure in PFIC1 and antibody-mediated bile salt export pump deficiency in PFIC2. Drugs inhibiting apical sodium-dependent bile transporter and adenovirus-associated vector mediated gene therapy hold promise for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Alam
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Bikrant Bihari Lal
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
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14
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Matakovic L, Overeem AW, Klappe K, van IJzendoorn SCD. Induction of Bile Canaliculi-Forming Hepatocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2544:71-82. [PMID: 36125710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2557-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity and formation of bile canaliculi can be achieved in hepatocytes which are generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. This allows for the study of endogenous mutant proteins, patient-specific pathogenesis, and drug responses for diseases where hepatocyte polarity and bile canaliculi play a key role. Here, we describe a step-by-step protocol for the generation of bile canaliculi-forming hepatocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells and their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinija Matakovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arend W Overeem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Klappe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sven C D van IJzendoorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Namasivayam V, Stefan K, Pahnke J, Stefan SM. Binding mode analysis of ABCA7 for the prediction of novel Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6490-6504. [PMID: 34976306 PMCID: PMC8666613 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine-triphosphate-(ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCA7 is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Defective ABCA7 promotes AD development and/or progression. Unfortunately, ABCA7 belongs to the group of 'under-studied' ABC transporters that cannot be addressed by small-molecules. However, such small-molecules would allow for the exploration of ABCA7 as pharmacological target for the development of new AD diagnostics and therapeutics. Pan-ABC transporter modulators inherit the potential to explore under-studied ABC transporters as novel pharmacological targets by potentially binding to the proposed 'multitarget binding site'. Using the recently reported cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of ABCA1 and ABCA4, a homology model of ABCA7 has been generated. A set of novel, diverse, and potent pan-ABC transporter inhibitors has been docked to this ABCA7 homology model for the discovery of the multitarget binding site. Subsequently, application of pharmacophore modelling identified the essential pharmacophore features of these compounds that may support the rational drug design of innovative diagnostics and therapeutics against AD.
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Key Words
- ABC transporter (ABCA1, ABCA4, ABCA7)
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- APP, amyloid precursor protein
- ATP, Adenosine-triphosphate
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- BODIPY-cholesterol, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-cholesterol
- ECD, extracellular domain
- EH, extracellular helix
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- IC, intracellular helix
- MOE, Molecular Operating Environment
- MSD, membrane spanning domain
- Multitarget modulation (PANABC)
- NBD, nucleotide binding domain
- NBD-cholesterol, 7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl-cholesterol
- PDB, protein data bank
- PET tracer (PETABC)
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PLIF, protein ligand interaction
- PSO, particle swarm optimization
- Polypharmacology
- R-domain/region, regulatory domain/region
- RMSD, root mean square distance
- Rational drug design and development
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- TM, transmembrane helix
- cryo-EM, cryogenic-electron microscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cellbiological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katja Stefan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab (www.pahnkelab.eu), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab (www.pahnkelab.eu), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- LIED, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, 1004 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Sven Marcel Stefan
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab (www.pahnkelab.eu), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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16
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Mareux E, Lapalus M, Ben-Saad A, Callebaut I, Falguières T, Gonzales E, Jacquemin E. In vitro functional rescue by ivacaftor of an ABCB11 variant involved in PFIC2 and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:484. [PMID: 34794484 PMCID: PMC8600881 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ABCB11 variations are responsible for a spectrum of rare liver diseases, including progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Current medical treatment of these conditions mostly relies on ursodeoxycholic acid with limited efficacy. We report on the in vitro study of the p.A257V missense variant of ABCB11 identified in a PFIC2 patient and in her mother who experienced ICP. Results The Ala257 residue is located outside the ATP-binding site of ABCB11. We show that the p.A257V variant of ABCB11 is correctly expressed at the canalicular membrane of HepG2 cells but that its function significantly decreased when studied in MDCK cells. This functional defect can be fully rescued by Ivacaftor. Conclusion Ivacaftor could be considered as a new pharmacological tool able to respond to an unmet medical need for patients with ICP and PFIC2 due to ABCB11 variations affecting ABCB11 function, even when the residue involved is not located in an ATP-binding site of ABCB11. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02125-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Mareux
- Inserm, Physiopathogénèse et traitement des maladies du foie, UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Hepatinov, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Martine Lapalus
- Inserm, Physiopathogénèse et traitement des maladies du foie, UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Hepatinov, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Amel Ben-Saad
- Inserm, Physiopathogénèse et traitement des maladies du foie, UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Hepatinov, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Falguières
- Inserm, Physiopathogénèse et traitement des maladies du foie, UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Hepatinov, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Gonzales
- Inserm, Physiopathogénèse et traitement des maladies du foie, UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Hepatinov, 91400, Orsay, France.,Paediatric Hepatology and Paediatric Liver Transplant Department, National Reference Center for Rare Paediatric Liver Diseases, FILFOIE, ERN RARE LIVER, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacquemin
- Inserm, Physiopathogénèse et traitement des maladies du foie, UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Hepatinov, 91400, Orsay, France. .,Paediatric Hepatology and Paediatric Liver Transplant Department, National Reference Center for Rare Paediatric Liver Diseases, FILFOIE, ERN RARE LIVER, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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17
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Soares VEM, do Carmo TIT, Dos Anjos F, Wruck J, de Oliveira Maciel SFV, Bagatini MD, de Resende E Silva DT. Role of inflammation and oxidative stress in tissue damage associated with cystic fibrosis: CAPE as a future therapeutic strategy. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:39-51. [PMID: 34529223 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, responsible for the synthesis of the CFTR protein, a chloride channel. The gene has approximately 2000 known mutations and all of them affect in some degree the protein function, which makes the pathophysiological manifestations to be multisystemic, mainly affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive tracts. Currently, the treatment of the disease is restricted to controlling symptoms and, more recently, a group of drugs that act directly on the defective protein, known as CFTR modulators, was developed. However, their high cost and difficult access mean that their use is still very restricted. It is important to search for safe and low-cost alternative therapies for CF and, in this context, natural compounds and, mainly, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) appear as promising strategies to assist in the treatment of the disease. CAPE is a compound derived from propolis extracts that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, covering important aspects of the pathophysiology of CF, which points to the possible benefit of its use in the disease treatment. To date, no studies have effectively tested CAPE for CF and, therefore, we intend with this review to elucidate the role of inflammation and oxidative stress for tissue damage seen in CF, associating them with CAPE actions and its pharmacologically active derivatives. In this way, we offer a theoretical basis for conducting preclinical and clinical studies relating the use of this molecule to CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Emanuel Miranda Soares
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Dos Anjos
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Jonatha Wruck
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | | | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Débora Tavares de Resende E Silva
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil.
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Felzen A, Verkade HJ. The spectrum of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis diseases: Update on pathophysiology and emerging treatments. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104317. [PMID: 34478903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (PFIC) disease spectrum encompasses a variety of genetic diseases that affect the bile production and the secretion of bile acids. Typically, the first presentation of these diseases is in early childhood, frequently followed by a severe course necessitating liver transplantation before adulthood. Except for transplantation, treatment modalities have been rather limited and frequently only aim at the symptoms of cholestasis, such as cholestatic pruritus. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of these diseases and new treatment modalities have been emerging. Herewith we summarize the latest developments in the field and formulate the current key questions and opportunities for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Felzen
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
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19
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Behl T, Sehgal A, Grover M, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Uncurtaining the pivotal role of ABC transporters in diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41533-41551. [PMID: 34085197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders are the edge points for the initiation of various diseases. These disorders comprised of several diseases including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular complications. Worldwide, the prevalence of these disorders is increasing day by day. The world's population is at higher threat of developing metabolic disease, especially diabetes. Therefore, there is an impregnable necessity of searching for a newer therapeutic target to reduce the burden of these disorders. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked with the dysregulated insulin secretion and resistance. The lipid and glucose transporters portray a pivotal role in the metabolism and transport of both of these. The excess production of lipid and glucose and decreased clearance of these leads to the emergence of DM. The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCT) are important for the metabolism of glucose and lipid. Various studies suggest the key involvement of ABCT in the pathologic process of different diseases. In addition, the involvement of other pathways, including IGF signaling, P13-Akt/PKC/MAPK signaling, and GLP-1 via regulation of ABCT, may help develop new treatment strategies to cope with insulin resistance dysregulated glucose metabolism, key features in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhuri Grover
- BS Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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20
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Systems Biology and Bile Acid Signalling in Microbiome-Host Interactions in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070766. [PMID: 34202495 PMCID: PMC8300688 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the respiratory microbiota has revealed that the lungs of healthy and diseased individuals harbour distinct microbial communities. Imbalances in these communities can contribute to the pathogenesis of lung disease. How these imbalances occur and establish is largely unknown. This review is focused on the genetically inherited condition of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Understanding the microbial and host-related factors that govern the establishment of chronic CF lung inflammation and pathogen colonisation is essential. Specifically, dissecting the interplay in the inflammation–pathogen–host axis. Bile acids are important host derived and microbially modified signal molecules that have been detected in CF lungs. These bile acids are associated with inflammation and restructuring of the lung microbiota linked to chronicity. This community remodelling involves a switch in the lung microbiota from a high biodiversity/low pathogen state to a low biodiversity/pathogen-dominated state. Bile acids are particularly associated with the dominance of Proteobacterial pathogens. The ability of bile acids to impact directly on both the lung microbiota and the host response offers a unifying principle underpinning the pathogenesis of CF. The modulating role of bile acids in lung microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation could offer new potential targets for designing innovative therapeutic approaches for respiratory disease.
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21
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Kunst RF, Verkade HJ, Oude Elferink RP, van de Graaf SF. Targeting the Four Pillars of Enterohepatic Bile Salt Cycling; Lessons From Genetics and Pharmacology. Hepatology 2021; 73:2577-2585. [PMID: 33222321 PMCID: PMC8252069 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bile salts play a pivotal role in lipid homeostasis, are sensed by specialized receptors, and have been implicated in various disorders affecting the gut or liver. They may play a role either as culprit or as potential panacea. Four very efficient transporters mediate most of the hepatic and intestinal bile salt uptake and efflux, and are each essential for the efficient enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. Starting from the intestinal lumen, conjugated bile salts cross the otherwise impermeable lipid bilayer of (primarily terminal ileal) enterocytes through the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (gene SLC10A2) and leave the enterocyte through the basolateral heteromeric organic solute transporter, which consists of an alpha and beta subunit (encoded by SLC51A and SLC51B). The Na+ -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (gene SLC10A1) efficiently clears the portal circulation of bile salts, and the apical bile salt export pump (gene ABCB11) pumps the bile salts out of the hepatocyte into primary bile, against a very steep concentration gradient. Recently, individuals lacking either functional Na+ -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide or organic solute transporter have been described, completing the quartet of bile acid transport deficiencies, as apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and bile salt export pump deficiencies were already known for years. Novel pathophysiological insights have been obtained from knockout mice lacking functional expression of these genes and from pharmacological transporter inhibition in mice or humans. Conclusion: We provide a concise overview of the four main bile salt transport pathways and of their status as possible targets of interventions in cholestatic or metabolic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- Animals
- Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
- Biological Transport, Active/drug effects
- Biological Transport, Active/physiology
- Drug Development
- Enterohepatic Circulation/drug effects
- Enterohepatic Circulation/physiology
- Humans
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/antagonists & inhibitors
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Symporters/antagonists & inhibitors
- Symporters/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F. Kunst
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology MetabolismAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Pediatric Gastroenterology/HepatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology MetabolismAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Stan F.J. van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology MetabolismAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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22
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Medically Important Alterations in Transport Function and Trafficking of ABCG2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062786. [PMID: 33801813 PMCID: PMC8001156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several polymorphisms and mutations in the human ABCG2 multidrug transporter result in reduced plasma membrane expression and/or diminished transport function. Since ABCG2 plays a pivotal role in uric acid clearance, its malfunction may lead to hyperuricemia and gout. On the other hand, ABCG2 residing in various barrier tissues is involved in the innate defense mechanisms of the body; thus, genetic alterations in ABCG2 may modify the absorption, distribution, excretion of potentially toxic endo- and exogenous substances. In turn, this can lead either to altered therapy responses or to drug-related toxic reactions. This paper reviews the various types of mutations and polymorphisms in ABCG2, as well as the ways how altered cellular processing, trafficking, and transport activity of the protein can contribute to phenotypic manifestations. In addition, the various methods used for the identification of the impairments in ABCG2 variants and the different approaches to correct these defects are overviewed.
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Sohail MI, Dönmez-Cakil Y, Szöllősi D, Stockner T, Chiba P. The Bile Salt Export Pump: Molecular Structure, Study Models and Small-Molecule Drugs for the Treatment of Inherited BSEP Deficiencies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E784. [PMID: 33466755 PMCID: PMC7830293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) is responsible for the transport of bile salts from hepatocytes into bile canaliculi. Malfunction of this transporter results in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2), benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (BRIC2) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Over the past few years, several small molecular weight compounds have been identified, which hold the potential to treat these genetic diseases (chaperones and potentiators). As the treatment response is mutation-specific, genetic analysis of the patients and their families is required. Furthermore, some of the mutations are refractory to therapy, with the only remaining treatment option being liver transplantation. In this review, we will focus on the molecular structure of ABCB11, reported mutations involved in cholestasis and current treatment options for inherited BSEP deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaprak Dönmez-Cakil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Maltepe, 34857 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Dániel Szöllősi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse, 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse, 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Peter Chiba
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse, 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Goubran M, Aderibigbe A, Jacquemin E, Guettier C, Girgis S, Bain V, Mason AL. Case report: progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 with compound heterozygous ABCB4 variants diagnosed 15 years after liver transplantation. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:238. [PMID: 33256620 PMCID: PMC7708126 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) type 3 is an autosomal recessive disorder arising from mutations in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (ABCB4) gene. This gene encodes multidrug resistance protein-3 (MDR3) that acts as a hepatocanalicular floppase that transports phosphatidylcholine from the inner to the outer canalicular membrane. In the absence of phosphatidylcholine, the detergent activity of bile salts is amplified and this leads to cholangiopathy, bile duct loss and biliary cirrhosis. Patients usually present in infancy or childhood and often progress to end-stage liver disease before adulthood. CASE PRESENTATION We report a 32-year-old female who required cadaveric liver transplantation at the age of 17 for cryptogenic cirrhosis. When the patient developed chronic ductopenia in the allograft 15 years later, we hypothesized that the patient's original disease was due to a deficiency of a biliary transport protein and the ductopenia could be explained by an autoimmune response to neoantigen that was not previously encountered by the immune system. We therefore performed genetic analyses and immunohistochemistry of the native liver, which led to a diagnosis of PFIC3. However, there was no evidence of humoral immune response to the MDR3 and therefore, we assumed that the ductopenia observed in the allograft was likely due to chronic rejection rather than autoimmune disease in the allograft. CONCLUSIONS Teenage patients referred for liver transplantation with cryptogenic liver disease should undergo work up for PFIC3. An accurate diagnosis of PFIC 3 is key for optimal management, therapeutic intervention, and avoidance of complications before the onset of end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Goubran
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ayodeji Aderibigbe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Jacquemin
- Paediatric Hepatology & Paediatric Liver Transplant Department, Reference Center for Rare Paediatric Liver Diseases, FILFOIE, ERN RARE LIVER, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculty of Medicine and University Paris-Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Pathology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculty of Medicine and University Paris-Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Safwat Girgis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vincent Bain
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew L Mason
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. .,Division of Gastroenterology, 7-142 KGR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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25
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Staufer K. Current Treatment Options for Cystic Fibrosis-Related Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8586. [PMID: 33202578 PMCID: PMC7696864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD) has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), and affects children and adults. The understanding of the pathogenesis of CFLD is key in order to develop efficacious treatments. However, it remains complex, and has not been clarified to the last. The search for a drug might be additionally complicated due to the diverse clinical picture and lack of a unified definition of CFLD. Although ursodeoxycholic acid has been used for decades, its efficacy in CFLD is controversial, and the potential of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulators and targeted gene therapy in CFLD needs to be defined in the near future. This review focuses on the current knowledge on treatment strategies for CFLD based on pathomechanistic viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Staufer
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; ; Tel.: +41-31-63-2-74-88
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26
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Li LT, Li ZD, Yang Y, Lu Y, Xie XB, Chen L, Feng JY, Knisely AS, Wang JS. ABCB11 deficiency presenting as transient neonatal cholestasis: Correlation with genotypes and BSEP expression. Liver Int 2020; 40:2788-2796. [PMID: 32808743 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS ABCB11 deficiency presenting in infancy is believed generally to manifest as persistent/progressive cholestasis. We describe a group of patients with biallelic ABCB11 variants whose disorder manifested as transient neonatal cholestasis (TNC). METHODS Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis in 68 children (31 males) with biallelic predictedly pathogenic variants (PPV) in ABCB11 was classified as transient (TNC group, n = 23, 11 males), intermittent (benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis [BRIC] group, n = 3, 1 male) or persistent/ progressive (progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis [PFIC] group, n = 42, 19 males). Clinical, genetic and bile salt export pump (BSEP) expression information was correlated with outcomes. RESULTS The median onset age of jaundice was 3 days (birth to 2 months) for the TNC group and 10.5 days (birth to 3 months) for the PFIC group (P = .034). The median length of follow-up of TNC patients was 44 months (12 months-168 months). At presentation, hepatobiliary-injury biomarker values were similar between the groups (P > .05). TNC patients (17/23) more often than PFIC patients (20/42, P = .041) harboured biallelic non-null variants (predicted not to terminate translation prematurely). TNC patient livers (7/7) more often than PFIC patient livers (5/16, P = .005) expressed immunohistochemically detectable BSEP. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed better prognosis for patients with BSEP expression (P = .009). Too few BRIC patients were available for statistical study. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal cholestasis associated with biallelic PPV in ABCB11 can resolve temporarily or persistently in one third of cases. Resolution is more likely in patients with biallelic non-null PPV or with liver BSEP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Li
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Die Li
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Bao Xie
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yan Feng
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - A S Knisely
- Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jian-She Wang
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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